含苯并噁唑环氧树脂的合成、固化动力学及热性能

通过两步法制备了两种含苯并噁唑结构的环氧树脂双苯并二噁唑型环氧(DAROH-O)树脂与双酚A型苯并噁唑环氧(HOH-O)树脂,采用红外光谱和氢核磁共振波谱分析对树脂的结构进行了表征。结果表明:当以二氨基二苯基甲烷(DDM)为固化剂时,对于DAROH-O/DDM体系,采用Kissinger法和Ozawa法计算得到的表观反应活化能分别为176.92kJ/mol和175.36kJ/mol;对于HOH-O/DDM体系,采用Kissinger法和Ozawa法计算得到的表观反应活化能分别为198.45kJ/mol和196.15kJ/mol。热重分析结果表明这两种环氧树脂固化物的耐热性能均远高于普通双酚A环氧树脂/DDM固化物的耐热性能。固化物的失重过程包括两个阶段,第一阶段的分解出现在350～370℃,第二阶段的分解发生在600℃左右,属于苯并噁唑环的分解。     

2,4,6-三(羟基苯甲基氨基)-均三嗪的合成及其与双酚A型环氧树脂的固化行为研究

合成了一种含三嗪环结构的环氧树脂固化剂2,4,6-三(羟基苯甲基氨基)-均三嗪(MFP).用动态DSC和原位红外光谱对MFP/DGEBA(双酚A型环氧树脂)体系的固化行为进行了研究.动态DSC研究表明,由于MFP分子结构中存在两种活泼氢(酚羟基氢和仲胺氢),固化反应存在明显的两个峰,相对应的表观活化能分别为70.5 kJ.mol-1和86.5 kJ.mol-1(Kissinger法),通过与另一相似化合物固化DGEBA的比较可知,在MFP固化DGEBA的过程中,酚羟基与环氧基反应相对较难.原位红外动力学结果很好地支持了上述结论.     

环氧树脂/三乙硫醇胺固化反应行为的研究

用差热式扫描量热仪 (DSC)对双酚 A环氧 (DGEBA) 三乙硫醇胺自催化固化体系的固化反应过程进行分析 ,并根据Kissinger和Ozawa方法分别求得体系固化反应的表观活化能ΔE为 4 1.35和 4 6 .6kJ mol;根据Crane等理论计算得到该体系的固化反应级数n =0 .84及指前因子A =7.4 3× 10 3(s- 1 ) ;同时利用FTIR在位跟踪固化反应过程特征官能团吸收峰的变化 ,确定了最佳固化反应工艺条件 :T凝胶 =80℃ ,T固化 =12 0℃ ,T后处理 =16 0℃     

含联苯结构环氧树脂体系固化反应动力学研究

用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)对含联苯结构环氧树脂(TMBP)/4,4′-二氨基二苯砜(DDS)固化体系的固化反应过程进行了分析,并用Kissinger和Ozawa方法分别求得体系固化反应的表观活化能ΔE为69.7和74.2kJ/mol,根据Crane理论计算得到该体系的固化反应级数n=0.89及在不同升温速率下的频率因子A,确定了使用DDS作为固化剂的固化反应条件.     

环氧化聚丁二烯/酸酐体系的热固化行为研究

使用差动热分析仪 ,以等速升温热固化和等温热固化方式研究了环氧化聚丁二烯及双酚A型环氧树脂在α 甲基 四氢苯酐、顺酐、酸酐 70 # 等固化剂作用下的热固化行为 ,确定了LEPB MBA体系固化反应的活化能在71.90～ 75 .0 3kJ·mol-1之间。实验证明 ,环氧化聚丁二烯和双酚A型环氧树脂在固化行为方面存在明显的差异     

树枝形大分子/环氧树脂体系固化反应动力学研究

用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)对树枝形大分子PAMAM/双酚-A型环氧树脂体系的固化反应动力学过程进行了分析。通过Kissinger法求得体系固化反应的表观活化能ΔE为59.78kJ/mol,通过Crane法求得体系的固化反应级数n=0.91,并计算出了反应速率常数k和不同升温速率下的频率因子A。根据动态DSC数据确定体系合适的固化反应温度为80~90℃,后固化温度为140℃。     

耐热芴型环氧树脂的非等温固化动力学

合成了9,9’-二[4-(2,3环氧丙氧基)苯基]芴,并以4,4’-二氨基二苯砜胺为固化剂,用非等温DSC法研究了其固化动力学,用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法和Friedman法确定了固化动力学参数,用动力学模拟推测了固化机理函数,并用TGA法对等温固化树脂的耐热性进行了表征。结果表明:双酚芴环氧固化反应的表观活化能约63.86 kJ/mol,扩散因子为3.80×104s-1,反应级数为1.57;固化反应为枝状成核的自催化反应;等温固化后的环氧树脂于400℃开始分解,700℃时残碳率为41.73%。     

BMI/DDE/F-51 环氧树脂的固化及其热稳定性

以双马来酰亚胺(BMI)/二氨基二苯醚(DDE)组合固化剂对酚醛环氧树脂(F-51)进行固化,得到了BMI/DDE/F-51 固化体系,将该体系与单一固化剂固化的 BMI/F-51、DDE/F-51 体系进行比较,探求其固化机理和热稳定性.用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了BMI/DDE/F-51 的固化反应动力学,求得固化反应表观活化能 Ea=60.86 kJ/mol、碰撞因子 A=2.04×106s-1和反应级数 n=0.89;用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对反应历程进行了探讨;用热失重分析仪(TGA)研究BMI/DDE/F-51 固化树脂的热分解动力学,确定了热稳定性能良好的耐高温环氧树脂新体系,其热分解反应表观活化能为 BMI/F-51 或 DDE/F-51 固化体系的3倍以上,达 166.08 kJ/mol.     

非等温DSC法研究甲壳型液晶PBPCS改性环氧树脂的固化动力学

采用非等温DSC法对聚乙烯基对苯二甲酸二(对丁氧基苯酚)酯(PBPCS)/环氧树脂/甲基四氢苯酐固化体系的固化反应热行为以及固化动力学进行了研究,分别利用Kissinger和Ozawa动力学模型计算得到各体系固化反应的表观活化能,利用Crane模型计算出固化反应级数,得出了适于该树脂体系固化反应过程的动力学方程.结果表明该体系固化反应按照一级反应进行,PBPCS的加入不改变环氧树脂的固化机理,甲壳型液晶高分子PBPCS可以用于环氧树脂的改性研究.通过固化体系的DSC分析确定了体系固化工艺为90℃/2h→120℃/2h→140℃/1.5h,为聚乙烯基对苯二甲酸二(对丁氧基苯酚)酯/环氧树脂/甲基四氢苯酐体系的固化、性能测试和应用提供了理论依据,也为甲壳型液晶高分子改性环氧树脂的研究提供一定理论基础.     

芳基磺盐对不同类型环氧化合物的固化行为

通过 DSC法研究了 LEPB、双酚 A型环氧树脂 E-51和 TDE-85型环氧树脂与四种芳基碘钅翁盐的热固化行为及反应活化能。结果发现 ,双酚 A型环氧树脂固化反应的活化能较高 ,而 TDE-85的放热较集中。同时发现与酸酐固化剂相对照 ,本文中使用的 LEPB—固化剂体系的活化能 (78.66～ 1 0 2 .5k J· mol-1)普遍高于LEPB酸酐体系的活化能 (69.0 4～ 75.1 0 k J·mol-1)。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.