真实情境与化学学科核心素养的发展——基于《普通高中化学课程标准(2017年版)》的解读

《普通高中化学课程标准（2017年版）》构建了化学学科核心素养的内容体系及其发展水平框架,重视开展“素养为本”的教学,重视真实情境的创设。在分析教学情境的内涵与功能的基础上,解读了新课标中课程内容、实施建议和命题原则中对真实情境创设与应用的要求,讨论了真实情境在发展学生化学学科核心素养中的教育价值。通过对具体教学案例的分析,探讨了基于学生化学学科核心素养发展的教学情境设计的策略。     

聚焦核心素养的新型作业——“烃的衍生物”课外作业的设计和研究

从研究对象、问题情境、学科认识、学科能力等4方面聚焦核心素养,确立化学作业设计的目标,编制具有基础性、情境性、开放性、分层性、实践性的化学课外作业。现以“烃的衍生物”的课外作业设计为例,按“感知生活、类比结构、迁移应用、实验探究、情境实践”等5个水平维度进行设计,突出作业的素养培养功能。     

“素养为本”化学课堂教学展示讲解行为的价值及实施策略研究*

展示讲解行为在“素养为本”化学课堂教学实践中具有独特价值,能够创设建构性的化学教学情境,能够提供化学核心概念建构的证据,能够提供学生核心素养表现的机会。因此,教师应基于发展学生化学学科核心素养这一主旨,在实施展示讲解行为时采取以下教学策略:设计真实且富有价值的问题,运用多种有效协同展示形式,设计多样的高阶思维活动。     

基于发展学生化学核心素养的教学设计——以“沉淀溶解平衡”为例

为了促进学生化学学科核心素养的形成和发展,构建了基于高中化学学科核心素养的教学设计基本思路,提出了4个方面的教学策略：设计教学单元,整体规划素养发展路径;制订教-学-评目标,监测素养达成;设置活动任务,承载素养的发展;创设真实情境,联结素养与知识。并以“沉淀溶解平衡”为主题教学单元进行教学设计,将基于核心素养发展的教学设计思路付诸应用,促进化学核心素养培养目标的达成。     

基于真实情境和问题导向培养化学学科核心素养——以“二氧化硅”的教学为例

以“二氧化硅”的教学为例,基于真实问题情境,以问题为导向设计和实施教学,在过程中渗透化学学科核心素养的培养。经测评,学生兴趣浓厚,教学效果较好。     

基于真实问题情境的化学活动课设计*——以“氧化铁与酸的反应”为例

基于联系生活实际的真实问题情境,设计化学活动课,让学生在探究“可乐可以除铁锈”本质原因的过程中学习“氧化铁与酸的反应”,从而发展化学学科核心素养,提高解决实际问题的能力。     

化学学科核心素养为本的高三化学深度复习*——以沉淀滴定为例

以沉淀滴定为例阐述在高三教学中进行化学学科核心素养为本的高三化学深度复习。分析了教学背景和复习目标,详细呈现了教学过程,并对教学效果进行了检测和反思。素养为本的高三化学深度复习关键是:创设真实情境,激发学习欲望;解决真实的问题,发展高阶思维;教、学、评一体化,促进素养提升。     

发展学生化学学科核心素养的课例研究——以“离子反应”为例

以高中化学“离子反应”概念教学为例,阐述了发展学生化学学科核心素养的课例研究思路和教学活动设计。围绕离子反应概念、离子方程式书写、离子反应发生条件等知识内容,挖掘教学内容与学科核心素养内涵的联系,创设真实且富有价值的问题情境,开设高水平的实验探究活动,注重微观分析过程,将离子反应概念的学习与从微观离子角度分析水溶液中反应的认识思路进行整合,力求发展学生的化学学科核心素养,帮助学生形成对“离子反应”概念的整体认识。     

基于发展化学核心素养的“煤的综合利用”高三复习教学实践与反思

以"煤的综合利用"高三复习教学为例,基于化学核心素养确立教学目标,将"化工厂如何解决煤燃烧产生的SO2"科学家如何选择煤气化的反应条件"这2个问题的讨论作为重点,并详述以上教学环节。对教学的实施和目标的落实进行了总结反思：创设真实情境,有效发展化学学科核心素养;创新教学设计,激发学生学习兴趣;用好问题串,促进知识、思路结构化;精心设计,促进素养显性化。     

基于化学学科核心素养的德国梅克伦堡州中学化学作业设计与分析*

考查德国梅克伦堡前波莫瑞州(Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)2019年出版的高中阶段化学学科核心素养文件,通过对核心素养及其测评体系的分析,对照学生的课后作业和研究性课题作业,分析作业设计与核心素养测评和发展的关系。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.