含CexZr1-xO2三效催化剂设计的神经网络仿真与优化

提出一种含CexZr1-xO2的三效催化剂的设计方法,即利用人工神经网络来进行辅助设计.首先考察了影响三效催化剂性能的一些重要因素,确定了所研究的三效催化剂模型.然后采用共沉淀方法制备了一系列铈锆固溶体,并将它们作为三效催化剂的助催化剂.采用传统的催化剂制备方法制备了一系列负载贵金属的三效催化剂,所制备的催化剂在模拟尾气中进行评价,得到的数据作为神经网络的训练样本和测试样本,建立了神经网络模型,并初步进行了预测和优化.     

Ce-Zr-La-Al2O3的制备及负载的单Pd三效催化剂

采用共沉淀和浸渍两种方法制备了Ce-Zr-La-Al2O3(CZLA),对其进行了N2吸附和X射线衍射分析.以CZLA为载体制备了2%Pd/CZLA三效催化剂,并对催化剂进行了程序升温还原和活性测试.结果表明,两种方法制备的CZLA均具有较好的结构、织构和储氧性能,共沉淀法制备的CZLA具有更好的抗老化性能.以CZLA为载体所制备的单Pd三效催化剂表现出低的起燃温度、优异的三效性能,特别是优异的转化NO性能及抗老化性能.     

Ce_(0.67)Zr_(0.33)O_2材料的制备和表征及其负载单Pd三效催化剂的性能

采用共沉淀法、均匀沉淀法、微乳法和水热法四种方法制备了铈锆固溶体(CZ),对其进行了X射线衍射和N2吸附脱附分析.以CZ为载体制备了负载单Pd三效催化剂,并对催化剂进行了氧化还原性能测试.结果表明,制备方法对CZ载体的物理、化学性能有显著的影响,而其负载单Pd催化剂的催化活性与CZ载体比表面积的大小没有明显的对应关系.采用共沉淀法制备的CZ载体具有相对良好的热稳定性以及储放氧能力,其负载单Pd催化剂在老化前后表面PdO物种有良好的还原性能,并表现出优异的三效催化性能.     

(Ce-Zr-Pr)O2在三效催化剂中的应用

采用共沉淀方法制备了(Ce-Zr-Pr)O2样品,利用XRD,BET对样品进行了表征,并将样品用于三效催化剂的制备,利用实验室配气装置模拟尾气条件,对催化剂性能进行了评价.结果表明,(Ce-Zr-Pr)O2具有立方萤石结构,耐热稳定性较好,所制备的催化剂具有更好的氧化还原活性,表现为起燃温度较低,NOx的净化效率较高.     

高性能Ce_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_2稀土储氧材料的制备及其负载的单Pd三效催化剂

以碳酸铵水溶液为沉淀剂,改变前驱体盐溶液的浓度,采用共沉淀法制得了一系列Ce0.5Zr0.5O2固溶体材料.以此系列材料为载体制备了负载型单Pd三效催化剂,并利用N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、储氧量测定和程序升温还原等技术对材料了进行表征.结果表明,所制Ce0.5Zr0.5O2材料具有优异的抗高温老化性能和氧化还原性能,且盐溶液的浓度对材料及其负载型Pd三效催化剂性能的影响较大.当盐溶液浓度为0.3mol/L时,制备材料的织构性能最佳,经1000oC老化5h后其比表面积和孔体积分别为53.0m2/g和0.17cm3/g.所制得的三效催化剂对CO,NO和C3H8具有低的起燃温度和完全转化温度,表现出最佳的催化性能,具有良好的应用前景.     

纳米氧化铈的制备及其催化性能的研究

采用两种方法制备了纳米氧化铈材料, 通过X射线衍射分析(XRD), 透射电子显微镜(TEM), 表面吸附(BET)等手段对样品的物化性能进行了表征, 并对纳米氧化铈在三效催化剂中的应用进行了探讨, 通过催化反应试验对其催化性能进行了评价. 结果表明, 制备的样品具有纳米尺度的粒径, 热耐热稳定性好, 高温老化后晶相稳定, 在三效催化剂中应用时, 能有效改善三效催化剂的起燃特性, 催化性能较之普通氧化铈材料有明显提高.     

从钯纳米溶胶出发制备Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.4-xYxO2纳米三效催化剂

从Pd纳米粒子溶胶出发,采用一步沉淀法和浸渍法分别制备了0.5%(质量分数)Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.4-x Y x O2(x=0,0.03,0.05,0.1)负载型三效催化剂,考察了贵金属纳米粒子的负载方法以及Y的掺杂量对三效催化活性和水热稳定性的影响。结果表明,和浸渍法制备的催化剂相比,采用一步沉淀法制备的催化剂具有更高的三效催化活性。对于一步沉淀法制备的催化剂,Y的掺杂量对新鲜样品的三效催化活性影响不大,然而,900℃水热老化后,Y的掺杂量为0.05的Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.35Y0.05O2催化剂表现出最佳的催化活性,且其三效窗口也最为稳定。以上研究结果表明,一步沉淀法是一种从贵金属纳米溶胶出发制备纳米三效催化剂的有效方法,且在铈锆储氧材料中掺杂适量的Y元素可以进一步提高催化剂的三效催化活性和水热稳定性。     

CeO2-ZrO2-Y2O3对Pt-Rh型三效催化剂性能的影响

采用共沉淀法技术制备了Ce0.35Zr0.55Y0.10固溶体,并对其进行了比表面积、储氧量的测试和XRD的表征.将其用于低贵金属Pt-Rh型三效催化剂的制备,考察了CeO2-ZrO2-Y2O3对三效催化剂性能的影响.结果表明,Ce0.35Zr0.55Y0.10具有与Ce0.50Zr0.50O2相似的立方结构和相近的储氧量,经高温(1000 ℃)后仍能保持较大的比表面积(38.66 m2·g-1).和含Ce0.50Zr0.50O2的三效催化剂相比,含CeO2-ZrO2-Y2O3的三效催化剂经高温老化后,C3H8,CO,NO仍具有较高的转化率和较低的起燃温度.     

负载型Pd三效催化剂：载体CeO2-ZrO2-BaO的制备及催化性能

制备了不同BaO含量的CeO2-ZrO2储氧材料,并以此材料为载体浸渍H2PdCl6制得三效催化剂.结果表明,不论新鲜还是1 000 ℃老化状态下,以10%BaO添加CeO2-ZrO2储氧材料制备的Pd三效催化剂活性最佳,起燃和完全转化温度最低.XPS结果证实,10%BaO添加.通过稳定PdO活性组分并改变其电子环境使得催化剂有最佳活性.而随着BaO含量持续增加,Pd活件组分相对处于较氧化状态.储氧量、低温N2吸附-脱附测试以及XRD测试结果均表明10%BaO添加的材料储氧量,比表面积以及孔容均最大,而且有适应三效催化的孔径.这些结果均有助于以其制备的Pd三效催化剂获得更好的活性以及热稳定性.     

Rh-Au/γ-Al2O3 三效纳米催化剂的制备与表征

采用超声辅助膜扩散还原法 (UAMR) 和等体积浸渍法 (IMP) 制备了 Rh/γ-Al2O3 和 Rh-Au/γ-Al2O3 催化剂, 考察了它们的三效模型反应 (CO+O2, C3H8+O2, CO+NO 和 C3H6+NO+O2) 活性. H2-O2 滴定和透射电镜结果表明, UAMR 法制得的 Rh/γ-Al2O3 和 Rh-Au/γ-Al2O3 催化剂的金属分散度分别为 45.3% 和 40.1%, 金属粒子表面积分别为 199.6 和 133.0 m2/g, 金属粒子平均粒径小于 3 nm. 对于三效模型反应, 与 IMP 法制备的催化剂相比, UAMR 法制备的 Rh/γ-Al2O3 和 Rh-Au/γ-Al2O3 具有更高的初始活性, 其中后者的活性也高于或接近于 IMP 法制备的 Rh/γ-Al2O3 催化剂. 催化剂经高温老化处理后, 活性均有所下降. UAMR 是一种新颖的负载型纳米催化剂的制备方法, 具有潜在的应用前景.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.