聚(2-甲氧基-5-乙氧基苯)撑纳米阵列的形态和光学特性

在阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板的纳米孑L内通过1—甲氧基—4—乙氧基苯(MEB)的氧化偶合聚合组装聚(2—甲氧基—5—乙氧基苯)撑(MEO—PPP)纳米纤维阵列，通过对纳米线的分子结构，AAO模板和聚(2—甲氧基—5—乙氧基苯)撑纳米纤维阵列的形态和形貌表征表明，AAO模板的纳米孔均匀有序且相互平行，定向生长的聚(2—甲氧基—5—乙氧基苯)撑纳米纤维的分子链与AAO纳米孔的轴线平行，聚合物分子链的定向排列能够显著提高电导率，MEO—PPP分子链的聚对苯撑(PPP)骨架有良好的π-π^*共轭体系，引起吸收带向长波方向移动，MEO—PPP纳米纤维阵列比其无序纳米纤维有5nm的发射蓝移。     

AAO模板对液相沉积TiO2纳米阵列结构的影响

采用液相沉积法(LPD),在不同的阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板上原位合成高度有序的TiO2纳米阵列.实验结果表明,经过400℃热处理后,制备出的薄膜是锐钛矿相的TiO2纳米阵列,草酸AAO模板中Al2O3的体积分数大于0.71,薄膜由TiO2纳米棒组成,外径约为100 nm左右;而磷酸AAO模板中Al2O3的体积分数小于0.71,液相沉积后获得TiO2纳米管,管外径达200 nm左右,内径约为100 nm左右.     

纳米孔阵列阳极氧化铝膜的制备和表征

本文通过在0℃、0.5mol·L^-1的草酸溶液中阳极氧化高纯铝片的方法制得了阳极氧化铝(AAO)膜，并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对AAO膜的形貌和结构进行了表征。结果表明，阻挡层AAO膜中大小一致的膜胞在铝/氧化铝界面上排成六方形阵列;有孔层AAO膜中含有高度有序的纳米孔阵列和膜胞阵列，并且孔的直径和膜胞的尺寸都具有较窄的分布。另外，考察了阳极氧化电压对膜胞尺寸、孔径大小、孔密度和膜胞密度的影响，表明在一定的电压范围内，膜胞和孔径都随电压的升高而增大，而孔密度和膜胞密度却随电压的升高而减小。     

P3HT修饰一维有序壳核式CdS/ZnO纳米棒阵列复合膜的光电化学性能

采用电化学方法在铟锡氧化物(ITO)导电玻璃上制备了高度有序的ZnO纳米棒阵列, 在ZnO纳米棒阵列上先后电化学沉积CdS纳米晶膜及聚3-己基噻吩(P3HT)薄膜得到P3HT修饰的一维有序壳核式CdS/ZnO纳米阵列结构, 并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、能量散射X射线(EDX)等表征手段证实了该结构的形成. 以此纳米结构薄膜为光阳极组装新型半导体敏化太阳电池, 研究了CdS纳米晶膜的厚度和P3HT薄膜的沉积对电池光伏性能的影响, 初步探讨了电荷在电池结构中的传输机理, 结果表明, CdS纳米晶膜和P3HT薄膜的沉积有效地拓宽了光阳极的光吸收范围, 实验中电池的光电转换效率最高达到1.08%.     

阳极氧化法制备TiO2多孔薄膜

本文综述了制备TiO2薄膜的各种方法,详细介绍了阳极氧化法制备TiO2多孔膜的进展,在非含氟电解液体系中,对纯钛进行阳极氧化处理可制得表面呈无规则生长的多孔膜结构;在含氟电解液体系中,则可自组织形成高度有序的TiO2纳米管阵列,并指出阳极氧化法是可在常温低压下进行、操作工艺简单、薄膜性能稳定、再现性好的一种最具工业化应用潜力的制备方法。     

AAO模板法生长碳纳米管阵列及形成机理研究

采用阳极刻蚀法制备得到多孔氧化铝模板(AAO)，通过在二茂铁苯溶液中浸润而后热解的方法，得到内壁附着纳米铁颗粒的AAO模板。用化学气相沉积(CVD)法在AAO模板孔内生长出两端开口的碳纳米管(CNTs)阵列。仅用盐酸浸泡就可除去CNTs表面上的催化剂颗粒，得到高纯的CNTs阵列。高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和拉曼图谱(Raman)表明CNTs具有很低的石墨化结构。通过对CNTs形貌和形成过程的剖析，认为AAO模板孔道的导向作用以及模板孔内壁催化剂铁颗粒大小分布不均是形成低石墨化碳纳米管的主要原因。     

取向碳纳米管/硅纳米线复合阵列的制备

在阳极氧化铝模板(AAO)的取向微孔内, 利用化学气相沉积(CVD) 技术首先制备了两端开口高度取向的碳纳米管阵列, 再在碳纳米管中间的孔洞内沉积硅纳米线, 成功制备了碳纳米管/硅纳米线(CNTs/SiNWs)核鞘复合阵列结构. 用SEM, TEM, XRD等仪器分析了CNTs/SiNWs核鞘复合阵列和沉积在碳纳米管孔洞内的硅纳米线的生长特性和晶体结构, 利用I-V关系和Fowler-Nordheim方程研究了其场发射(FE)特性, 用荧光光谱分析仪分析了复合阵列的荧光(PL)特性. 证明了模板法制备的CNTs/SiNWs核鞘复合阵列结构可用来制作具有金属/半导体(M/S)特性的纳米PN结, 该复合阵列结构也使SiNWs包覆在CNTs惰性鞘内, 可防止SiNWs在空气中的进一步氧化. 制备出的CNTs/SiNWs核鞘复合阵列结构生长方向高度有序, 直径和长度易于控制, 极少产生其他制备方法中出现的纳米结构弯曲和相互缠绕现象.     

硅基多孔氧化铝膜的整体发光及其化学修饰

利用电子束蒸发技术在硅衬底上沉积了500nm厚的铝膜，分别在硫酸、磷酸和 草酸中通过阳极氧化技基多孔氧化铝模板通过透射电镜（TEM）观测了形貌，并测 定了它们的光致发光光谱（PL）．结果表明利用不同的酸性质得到的多孔氧化铝模 板的发光现象是不完全相同的．基于这种思路，采用了其它的酸性电解质磺基水杨 酸或在酸性电解质中预先加人有机荧光物质罗丹明6G，得到了不同发光特性的硅基 多孔氧化铝膜．结合过去的理论，对上述荧光光谱的来源以及变化进行了讨论．多 孔氧化铝的发光一般都来自于与氧空位有关的缺陷态F~+，但它的复合过程会受到 体系中质能级或其它发光物质的影响．来自电解质中的物质在阳极氧化的过程中会 参与氧化铝膜的形成，进而改变氧化铝膜的成分，并影响其发光过程．     

甘油-DMSO-H2O中阳极氧化TiO2纳米管阵列的生长与性能

采用NH4F-甘油-DMSO(二甲基亚砜)-H2O溶液体系的电化学阳极氧化法, 在金属钛基板上形成厚度为0.4-1.5 μm的有序TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜. 利用场发射电子扫描显微镜(FESEM)技术, 研究了电解液的组成及阳极氧化电压对TiO2纳米管阵列生长形貌的影响. 结果表明, 阳极氧化电压可以影响TiO2纳米管的径向尺寸和长度；通过改变电解液中DMSO/H2O的体积比, 能够调控纳米管的生成速率与形貌. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)对经过不同温度热处理的TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜的物相进行了分析. TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜的光电催化分解水过程的电压-电流特性测量显示, 光电流密度大于0.2 mA·cm-2.     

P3HT/CdS/TiO2/ZnO一维有序核壳式纳米棒阵列的构制及其在杂化太阳电池中的应用研究

采用恒电位法在铟锡氧化物导电玻璃(ITO)上制备了高度有序一维ZnO纳米棒阵列,将ZnO纳米棒阵列在TiO2溶胶中采用提拉法制备出了一维TiO2/ZnO核壳式纳米棒阵列.在一维TiO2/ZnO核壳式纳米棒阵列上电沉积CdS纳米晶得到一维CdS/TiO2/ZnO核壳式纳米棒阵列,然后在一维CdS/TiO2/ZnO核壳式纳米棒阵列上电沉积聚3-己基噻吩(P3HT)薄膜得到P3HT/CdS/TiO2/ZnO核壳式纳米结构薄膜.以该纳米结构薄膜电极为光阳极制备出新型纳米结构杂化太阳电池,研究了该类电池的光电转换性能,初步探讨了该类电池的工作机理.     

Manipulation of Supramolecular Columnar Structures of H-Bonded Donor-Acceptor Units through Geometrical Nanoconfinement

Ambipolar organic semiconductors are considered promising for organic electronics because of their interesting electric properties. Many hurdles remain yet to be overcome before they can be used for practical applications, especially because their orientation is hard to control. We demonstrate a method to control the orientation of columnar structures based on a hydrogen (H)-bonded donor-acceptor complex between a star-shaped tris(triazolyl)triazine and triphenylene-containing benzoic acid, using physicochemical nanoconfinement. The molecular configuration and supramolecular columnar assemblies in a one-dimensional porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) film were dramatically modulated by controlling the pore-size and by chemical modification of the inner surface of the porous AAO film. In situ experiments using grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) were carried out to investigate the structural evolution produced at the nanometer scale by varying physicochemical conditions. The resulting highly ordered nanostructures may open a new pathway to effectively control the alignment of liquid crystal ambipolar semiconductors.     

有序CdS纳米线阵列的制备和光学特性

应用直流电沉积法在多孔氧化铝模板中制备了高度有序的CdS纳米线阵列,并由XRD、Raman、SEM、TEM和HRTEM等进行物理化学表征.结果表明,沉积在多孔氧化铝模板中的CdS呈六角结构,c轴沿孔长度方向定向生长.紫外吸收光谱研究表明,随着纳米线尺寸的减小,纳米线阵列的吸收边向短波长方向移动,荧光光谱测量显示,CdS纳米线阵列的荧光强度高于氧化铝模板,而且在可见光区的荧光特性与激发波长无关.     

Ni-Pt multilayered nanowire arrays with enhanced coercivity and high remanence ratio

Highly ordered Ni-Pt multilayered nanowire arrays have been fabricated using a porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template by pulse electrodeposition. The cylindrical Ni nanoparticles with different lengths and diameters in these arrays were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and alternating-gradient magnetometer (AGM) measurements. Magnetization measurements revealed that an array of such nanowires with 20-nm diameters has an enhanced coercivity (ca. 1169 Oe) and a high remanence ratio (ca. 0.96).     

Field Emission From Ordered Nano-array Structures Based on Porous Aluminum Oxide Templates

This thesis reports my research work of fabricating nanostructures by using nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates and their field emission properties in the past few years. Some important results obtained are as follows: 1. We first proposed a new concept of fabricating field emitters with ordered nanostructures based on porous aluminum oxide templates such as AAO/Al, metal/AAO, PANI/AAO, CNTs/AAO, Si/AAO and did a lot of research in this field.     

Controlled fabrication of nanopillar arrays as active substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Highly ordered gold nanopillar arrays were fabricated using anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. Nanopillars with a dimension of 110 +/- 15 nm in vertical height and 75 +/- 10 nm in base diameter were formed with a density of 150 microm(-2). The ordered nanopillar arrays give reproducible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) at a detection limit of 10(-8) M using thionine as probing molecules. The enhancement by the Au nanopillar arrays was comparable with or better than that of dispersed gold nanoparticle SERS substrates. This work demonstrates a new technique for producing highly ordered and reproducible SERS substrates potentially applicable for chemical and biological assay.     

Structural influence on Raman scattering of a new C60 thin film prepared by AAO template with the method of pressure difference

An anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template is prepared by anodizing aluminum in oxalic acid solution. C60 crystals were grown, using the pressure difference method, in the pores of the template, representing a brushlike thin film layer with a honeycomb boundary structure in one side and nail arrays in the other side. Different Raman spectra of the C60 thin film from the both sides are presented, which indicate the different uniformly ordered structure character and the interface behavior of the C60 film on the surface with C60 crystals in the AAO nanopores. On the basis of energy and group theory, the strengthening of the Raman intensity and the broadening of Raman modes may imply that more transition spectral lines between vibration or rotation energy levels of C60 molecules were excited and detected.     

Laser-MBE of nickel nanowires using AAO template: a new active substrate of surface enhanced Raman scattering

The highly ordered anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template was fabricated using aluminum anodizing in electrolytes with two-step method, which apertures were about 50-80nm. The nickel nanowires with about 40-70nm in diameter was prepared on the AAO template by laser-MBE (molecular beam epitaxy). And high quality Raman spectra of SudanII were obtained on the glass covered with the nickel nanowires. On the nickel nanowires there are both surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and tip enhanced Raman scattering (TERS). The new observations not only enlarge the range of SERS applications, but also imply a possible new enhancement mechanism. Otherwise the Raman and SERS frequencies of SudanII molecule were calculated using, respectively, DFT and B3PW91.     

模板法制备高度有序的聚苯胺纳米纤维阵列

近年来,利用化学或物理方法制备多种材料的纳米有序阵列复合结构已成为学术界的研究热点．用具有纳米孔洞的模板(多孔阳极氧化铝、多孔硅以及聚碳酸脂膜)制备的金属、半导体、碳纳米管等材料的纳米有序阵列复合结构已在润滑、微电极、单电子器件、传感器、垂直磁记录、场致电     

一种新的WO3纳米管的制备方法

一维纳米材料因可用来构造高性能纳米器件的结构单元而成为纳米材料研究的热点．目前的研究重点集中在材料的制备和结构性能表征方面,已发展了多种制备方法,主要有模板法、V-L-S法、L-L-S法和V-S法等,其中阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板法是制备一维材料的好方法．AAO模板的制备工艺已相当成熟,     

Anodic films containing zirconia nanoparticles for corrosion protection of AA1050 aluminum alloy

In this paper, production of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is based on a parameter-optimized literature scheme. Highly ordered tubular structures are achieved as a starting point for subsequent modification steps. These steps include sealing of AAO pores. Sealing is here attempted via the spontaneous adsorption of ZrO₂ nanoparticles on preformed AAO. Nanoparticles are synthetized by several different methods, in particular, the innovative water-free microwave-assisted synthesis. These novel water-free nanoparticles are, here for the first time, used for AAO sealing and corrosion protection. Increase in corrosion resistance is tested by electrochemical methods.