PVA/PVP共混物的SAXS研究

聚乙烯醇(PVA)/聚吡咯烷酮(PVP)共混物的小角X-射线散射(SAXS)研究表明,PVA/PVP共混物的结构参数与共混物组分比及热历史密切相关。按Vonk一维电子密度相关函数法,得到PVA/PVP共混物的长周期,过渡层厚随PVP组分含量增加而增加;结晶片层厚和比内表面积却随PVP含量增加而降低。热处理可提高共混物的结晶性。     

PVA／PVP共混物的聚集态结构

热处理前后不同组份比二元共混物聚乙烯醇(PVA)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的聚集态结构研究表明,热处理可明显提高共混物的结晶性。热处理前样品仅观察到(101)晶面衍射,热处理后可观察到4个以上衍射晶面。结晶度和微晶大小随共混物中PVP含量增加而降低。第二类晶格畸变则随PVP含量增加而增大。     

聚乙烯醇/聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮共混体系的结晶行为

用DSC、WAXD和SAXS研究了聚乙烯醇(PVAl)/聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)共混体系的结晶行为.PVAl的结晶度随PVP含量增加而减少,并存在结晶度为零的组成(PVAl)的重量分数约为50％.与纯PVAl相比,共混物的温度区间T_m-T_g减小,表明PVP对PVAl的结晶起抑制作用.共混物中PVAl的结晶速度下降,具体表现为PVAl过冷区随PVP含量增加而扩大,动力学速度常数减小,球晶增长速度下降.纯PVAl和共混体系的等温结晶速率均遵循Avrami方程.退火样品的长周期、片晶厚度和过渡层厚度大于相同组成未退火样品.两者长周期随PVP含量增长加显著增大,片晶厚度增长次之,过渡层厚度变化不大.     

PVA／PVP共混体系的非等温结晶动力学

用Mandelkern和Ziabicki理论方法求得PVA及PVA/PVP共混物结晶动力学参数Z_C和动力学结晶能力G_C值,并进行了讨论。得到的Avrami指数n不随冷却速度变化,但随非晶组分PVP的加入有所减小,加入量达百分之四十以后n由3降到2;G_C值则随非晶组分的加入而增大,当PVP加入量大于百分之三十时,G_C值不再发生明显变化。同时实验表明该高聚物及其共混体系不适合于Ozawa非等温结晶动力学方程。     

聚(ε-己内酯)/苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物共混物相容性的研究

本文采用DSC、IR方法研究了聚ε-己内酯PCL苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物SAN共混物的相容性。观察到共混物只表现出单一的玻璃化转变温度。而且随着含量的增加,半结晶高聚物的熔点下降,利用Flory-Huggins方程计算出共混体系的相互作用参数x_(23)计算结果表明该体系是热力学相容的。红外光谱的研究表明两种高聚物的这种相容性,是由于PCL中的羰基和SAN中的α-氢的氢键相互作用引起的。     

PEO／PVP共混体系结晶行为

本文用WAXD、PLM、DSC方法研究了聚氧化乙烯(PEO)/聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)共混体系的结晶行为,探索了两组分聚合物间相互作用及体系结晶度与非晶组分含量的关系。DSC研究表明PEO/PVP共混体系具有两个玻璃化转变温度,分别是纯组分的T_g,无相容性。应用Avrami和LH方程对其动力学参数进行了研究。偏光显微镜观察了共混物结构形态。     

分子动力学模拟研究聚乳酸/聚酰胺11共混物的相容性

采用分子动力学(MD)模拟方法在COMPASS力场下,研究了不同质量比(10/90,30/70,50/50,70/30和90/10)聚乳酸(PLA)/聚酰胺11(PA11)共混物的相容性.研究结果表明:不同比例下PLA/PA11共混物的Gibbs自由能变化均大于零,其共混物很难形成均相体系;共混体系结合能的计算以及不同组分分子间C—C原子对径向分布函数的分析揭示了PLA和PA11的相互作用主要源自其分子间的范德华力;此外,模拟得到的所有比例下共混物的Flory-Huggins相互作用参数(χ)均大于临界Flory-Huggins相互作用参数(χcritical),进一步证明PLA与PA11不能形成相容体系。     

聚乙烯醇／壳聚糖合金膜的相容性

本文通过 WAXD、DSC动态力学和应力一应变测量对 PVA/CS合金膜的聚集态结构进行了研究。发现,合金膜中的PVA结晶完善性变差,结晶度和结晶熔融峰温度随CS含量增加而降低。合金膜中的CS晶型发生了转化。动态力学损耗谱显示,合金膜中仍保持单组分的玻璃化松弛。当PVA含量大于50%％时,两个Tg峰中间产生一新的力学损耗峰。合金膜的模量和断裂强度高于单组分,而断裂伸长率低于单组分,这都表明,PVA与CS间存在强的相互作用,该共混体系为部分相容体系。     

HDPE／LDPE共混体系的晶性研究

用DSC和WAXD方法考察了高密度聚乙烯和低密度聚乙烯共混体系(HDPE/LDPE)的结晶性能。结果表明,在共混物中HDPE含量大于50%时,共混物只出现HDPE的熔融峰,且熔融温度随HDPE含量减小而降低;LDPE含量大于50%时,DSC图上只出现熔点介于HDPE和LDPE之间的新熔融峰。DSC和WAXD法所测结晶度均偏离共混物的线性加和值,而晶胞参数则随共混物组成变化出现最小值,表明HDPE和LDPE可以形成共晶相容体系。Raman光谱测得介晶相αb值的膨胀,支持这一观点。     

端羟基聚丁二烯/增塑剂共混物相容性的分子动力学模拟和介观模拟

应用分子动力学(MD)和介观动力学(MesoDyn)模拟方法对固体推进剂中端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)与增塑剂癸二酸二辛酯(DOS)、硝化甘油(NG)的相容性进行了研究. 采用MD模拟方法在COMPASS力场下, 对纯物质、HTPB/增塑剂共混物的密度、内聚能密度、溶度参数和共混物分子间的Flory-Huggins作用参数及结合能等进行了模拟计算, 通过比较溶度参数差值(Δδ)的大小、模拟前后体系密度变化情况均可以预测HTPB与增塑剂的相容性, 结合能的分析揭示了HTPB/增塑剂共混物组分间的相互作用及本质. 将Flory-Huggins作用参数转化为MesoDyn模拟的输入参数, 采用MesoDyn模拟方法对HTPB/增塑剂共混体系的介观形貌与动力学演变过程进行了研究, 通过模拟得到的等密度图、自由能密度和有序度参数等可以判断共混体系的相容性. MD和MesoDyn模拟结果均表明: HTPB/DOS属于相容体系, 而HTPB/NG属于不相容体系, 其结论与实验结果一致.     

醋酸纤维素／聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮共混体系的相容性研究（Ⅰ）

用ＤＳＣ，ＤＭＴＡ研究了醋酸纤维素（ＣＤＡ），聚乙烯基吮咯烷酮（ＰＶＰ）及ＣＤＡ／ＰＶＰ共混体系的玻璃化转变行为．用精密量热法测定了该体系的混合热焓．结果表明：共混体系只存在一个玻璃化转变温度（Ｔｇ），其值随共混组成的变化而改变；共混体系的混合热焓为负值，其绝对值随组成中ＰＶＰ含量的增加而减少．力学性能研究表明，共混体系具有协同效应．上述试验结果证明，ＣＤＡ和ＰＶＰ是一对相容性高聚物．     

THE COMPATIBILITY OF BLENDS OF POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE) OR CHLORINATED POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE) WITH POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE)

IR spectral shifts of carbonyl vibrational absorption for ethyl acetate, which acts analogically as the structural unit of poly(methyl methacrylate), in cyclohexane, chloroform, chlorinated paraffins, poly(vinyl chloride) and chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) were measured. The results suggest that there are specific interactions between the carbonyl groups and the chlorinated hydrocarbons which could be responsible for the apparent compatibility of poly(vinyl chloride)—poly(methyl methacrylate) and chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride)—poly(methyl methacrylate) blends. Additionally, the effects of the preparation mode of blend films on phase separation and observed compatibility are discussed.     

COMPATIBILITY IN POLYMER BLENDS OF POLY (VINYL ACETATE) AND POLY (METHYL METHACRYLATE)STUDIED BY NMR

Compatibility of poly (vinyl acetate) (PVAc) with poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) mixtures has been studied by using nuclear magnetic relaxation, differential scanning calorimeter and small-angle X-ray scattering techniques. The nuclear magnetic relaxation time T_1's were measured as a function of composition in blends of PMMA and PVAc prepared from chloroform solution. The results show that the system is miscible for casting from chloroform solution.     

燃料电池用聚乙烯醇基碱性聚合物电解质膜的制备及其性能

通过在不同浓度KOH溶液中进行掺杂,制备出了聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚乙烯醇/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVA/PVP)和聚乙烯醇/聚乙二醇二甲醚(PVA/PEGDE)碱性聚合物电解质膜详细考察了膜的外观形貌、微观结构、热稳定性、离子电导率和化学稳定性等.结果表明,PVA与PVP以及PEGDE具有很好的相容性,所制备的复合膜断面致密...     

聚氧化乙烯和聚醋酸乙烯酯共混热力学参数的理论估算

实验测定了聚氧化乙烯（ＰＥＯ）和聚醋酸乙烯酯（ＰＶＡｃ）的共混热以及共混组分的热压系数和热膨胀系数．并由上述实测值计算了状态方程参数．用Ｈａｍａｄａ~［１－２］等改进的Ｆｌｏｒｙ状态方程理论估算了ＰＥＯ／ＰＶＡｃ混体系的交换能参数（Ｘ_１２）、相互作用参数（ｘ_１２／ｒ_１）和剩余混合体积（Ｖ~Ｅ／Ｖ~０）．     

Miscibility of cellulose acetate with vinyl polymers

Binary blend films of cellulose acetate (CA) with flexible syntheticpolymers including poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP),and poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) [P(VP-co-VAc)] were preparedfrommixed polymer solutions by solvent evaporation. Thermal analysis by DSC showedthat CA of any degree of substitution (DS) was not miscible with PVAc, but CAwith DS less than 2.8 was miscible with PVP to form homogeneous blends. Thestate of mixing in CA/P(VP-co-VAc) blends was affected not only by the DS of CAbut also by the VP/VAc copolymer composition. As far as CAs of DS<2.8 andP(VP-co-VAc)s with VP contents more than ca. 25 mol% were used,theCA/copolymer blends mostly showed a miscible behaviour irrespective of themixing ratio. FT-IR measurements for the miscible blends of CA/PVP andCA/P(VP-co-VAc) revealed the presence of hydrogen-bonding interactions betweenresidual hydroxyls of CA and carbonyls of N-vinyl pyrrolidone units, which maybe assumed to largely contribute to the good miscibility.     

Interaction of collagen and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) in blends

The interaction between collagen and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) in blends has been studied by viscometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was found that the amide A and amide I bands position in FTIR spectra of collagen were shifted after blending with PVP to higher wavenumbers. DSC measurements showed different melting temperature, glass transition temperature and enthalpy for the blends and for the single components. Viscosity measurements showed interaction between collagen and PVP also in a dilute water solution.The results have shown, that the interactions between collagen and PVP exist due to the strong interactions between the synthetic and biological component, mainly by hydrogen bonds. These interactions caused that collagen and PVP are miscible at molecular level. The blending of collagen with PVP may give the possibility of producing new materials for potential biomedical applications.     

聚己内酯在聚己内酯/聚乙烯基甲基醚共混体系中的结晶研究

通过示差扫描量热(DSC)、广角X射线衍射(WAXD)、小角X射线散射(SAXS)研究了聚己内酯(PCL)/聚乙烯基甲基醚(PVME)共混体系中PCL的结晶行为.研究结果表明,共混聚合物中PCL的结晶度几乎不随体系的组成而发生变化.共混物中PVME的存在没有改变PCL的晶体结构,但是随着PVME含量的增加,片晶之间的距离则大,这主要是由于非晶层增厚引起的.