聚乙烯醇/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮碱性复合膜的制备及其性能

通过在不同浓度KOH溶液中进行掺杂,制备出了聚乙烯醇/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVA/PVP)碱性聚合物电解质膜.详尽考察了膜的组成、微观结构、热稳定性、离子电导率和甲醇吸收率.结果表明,PVA与PVP两者具有较好的相容性,当m(PVA)∶m(PVP)=1∶0.5时,膜断面致密、均匀,未发生大尺度相分离.PVP的混入可以极大提高复合膜的电导率和热稳定性.当m(PVA)∶m(PVP)=1∶1时,复合膜的电导率可达2.01×10-3 S.cm-1.PVA/PVP/KOH膜的甲醇吸收率随温度的升高没有明显变化,100℃时其甲醇吸收率仅为同条件下Nafion 115膜的1/4.这表明该复合膜有望作为一种新型的碱性直接甲醇燃料电池用固体电解质膜且可提高膜的使用温度.     

PVA/PVP共混交联膜的渗透蒸发分离性质(Ⅰ)

研究了4,4'-双叠氮芪-2,2'-二磺酸钠和戊二醛对聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混膜的交联及交联对共混膜分离恒沸点附近的乙醇/水混合物的影响.结果表明,膜的分离性质随着膜中PVP含量的增加而改变;采用混合型交联剂对PVA/PVP共混膜交联能明显改善膜的选择性.     

高稳定性化学交联聚乙烯醇/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮碱性固体电解质膜

碱性固体电解质膜的稳定性是影响其在电化学领域应用的一个重要因素.本文在前期研究工作的基础上,通过直接共混和化学交联修饰制备出了聚乙烯醇/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVA/PVP)碱性聚合物电解质膜.采用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、热重分析(TGA)、扫描电镜(SEM)和交流阻抗等方法详细考察了复合膜的分子结构、热稳定性、化学稳定性、氧化稳定性和尺寸稳定性.红外光谱结果表明,PVP成功地混入聚合物基体中,在1672cm-1处表现出来自于PVP第I带C襒O的强吸收峰.TGA结果表明,提高掺杂的KOH溶液浓度对PVA/PVP碱性膜的热稳定性没有明显影响.SEM分析结果表明,复合膜经高温、高浓度碱(80℃,10mol·L-1)处理后,其断面结构仍致密均匀,未出现类似小孔等膜降解情况,此时膜电导率(1.58×10-3S·cm-1)相比室温相同碱液时提高91.5%,表明PVA/PVP膜具有很好的耐碱化学稳定性.同时,PVA/PVP碱性膜表现出良好的抗氧化性,在60℃的3%和10%H2O2溶液中处理均没有观察到明显的质量损失,150h后仍能保持原膜质量的89%和85%.此外,由于膜内形成致密的内互交联网络结构,复合膜在水中800h之后也表现出很好的同向性和电导率稳定性.     

层状纳米纤维素膜/PVA复合水凝胶的制备与力学性能研究

采用叠层复合与物理相分离的方法制备了层状纳米细菌纤维素(BC)膜/聚乙烯醇( PVA)复合水凝胶.研究了聚乙烯醇的质量百分数、BC膜的复合层数以及制备条件对复合水凝胶力学性能的影响;通过扫描电镜( SEM)观察比较了复合水凝胶中BC膜层与PVA界面结合情况.结果表明,复合水凝胶的力学性能与PVA的质量百分数和BC膜含水...     

PVA/PVP互穿网络膜的渗透蒸发性质(Ⅱ)

用4,4′-双叠氮-2,2′-二磺酸钠(DAS)和戊二醛对聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)依次进行光化学交联和化学交联,制备了具有互穿网络结构的渗透蒸发膜.研究了它们用于醇、酮和醚等有机溶剂脱水的渗透蒸发性质.结果表明,对于大多数有机溶剂,随着共混膜中PVP含量的增加,膜的渗透性明显提高,而膜的选择性有所下降.但用于THF脱水时,膜的选择性和渗透性均随着PVP含量的增加而增加.交联使膜的力学性能得到改善     

PVA/DTC纳米纤维的制备及对铅离子的吸附行为

通过高压静电纺丝技术制备了聚乙烯醇/聚乙烯亚胺(PVA/PEI)纳米纤维膜, 对纤维膜进行功能化使其转化为对重金属离子具有高络合能力的聚乙烯醇/二硫代氨基甲酸盐功能化聚乙烯亚胺(PVA/DTC)纳米纤维膜. 研究了PVA/PEI纳米纤维膜的交联和功能化以及PVA/DTC纤维膜对铅离子的吸附行为. 结果表明, 高压静电纺丝法可制备出纤维直径分布均匀、 形貌良好的纳米纤维膜, 且交联、 功能化后仍能保持蓬松纳米纤维状的网状结构. PVA/DTC纳米纤维膜对铅离子吸附速率快, 吸附量容量高, 且具有良好的再生吸附能力, 是一种潜在的重金属离子高效吸附材料.     

用于柔性超级电容器的凝胶聚合物电解质膜的制备

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)提高戊二醛(GA)交联的聚乙烯醇(PVA)凝胶在1 mol/L的H2SO4溶液中的溶胀度,制备出一种用于柔性超级电容器的凝胶聚合物电解质膜,并对该电解质膜的结构、形貌、溶胀度、力学性能和电导率等进行了表征.在此基础上,组装了一种基于石墨烯电极的柔性超级电容器.结果表明:随着PVP用量的增加,膜孔数量增多且孔径增大,溶胀度增加,电导率提高,但力学强度下降.电解质膜中PVP质量分数为20％时,所组装的柔性超级电容器的比电容为111 F/g,其电化学性能的温度依赖性较低,稳定性较好.     

细菌纤维素(BC)增强PVA/PVP复合水凝胶的制备及性能表征

通过冷冻-熔融法制备了细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(BC/PVA/PVP)双网络复合水凝胶,并采用X射线衍射,红外光谱,扫描电镜,力学性能测试等手段对凝胶的结构和性能进行表征.研究发现PVA、PVP通过氢键作用均匀地吸附于纤维微丝周围,将BC纤维有效地分开,因而干燥后的复合凝胶在热水中浸泡后仍可恢复原状;X射线...     

PVA/PVP共混物的SAXS研究

聚乙烯醇(PVA)/聚吡咯烷酮(PVP)共混物的小角X-射线散射(SAXS)研究表明,PVA/PVP共混物的结构参数与共混物组分比及热历史密切相关。按Vonk一维电子密度相关函数法,得到PVA/PVP共混物的长周期,过渡层厚随PVP组分含量增加而增加;结晶片层厚和比内表面积却随PVP含量增加而降低。热处理可提高共混物的结晶性。     

相变调温微胶囊的制备及其在PVA膜中的应用

采用类核壳乳液聚合法制备了相变调温微胶囊(Micro PCMs),并与聚乙烯醇(PVA)水溶液共混,制备了具有相变调温功能的PVA膜,对微胶囊及PVA复合膜的表面形貌、化学结构、耐热性能及相变调温等性能进行了研究,同时对PVA膜的断裂强度和拉伸强度进行了表征.结果表明,相变调温PVA膜的相变焓随MicroPCMs用量的增加而增大,当MicroPCMs与PVA的质量比为1∶1时,相变调温PVA膜的熔融焓与结晶焓分别为43.9和-44.8J/g,具有较好的相变调温功能.     

Modification and characterization of semi-crystalline poly(vinyl alcohol) with interpenetrating poly(acrylic acid) by UV radiation method for alkaline solid polymer electrolytes membrane

Semi-crystalline poly(vinyl alcohol) was modified by UV radiation with acrylic acid monomer to get interpenetrating poly(acrylic acid) modified poly(vinyl alcohol), PVAAA, membrane. The stability of various PVAAA membranes in water, 2 M CH₃OH, 2 M H₂SO₄, and 40 wt% KOH aqueous media were evaluated. It was found that the stability of PVAAA membrane is stable in 40 wt% KOH solution. The PVAAA membranes were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetry analysis. These results show that (1) the crystallinity in PVAAA decreased with increasing the content of poly(acrylic acid) in the PVAAA membranes. (2) The melting point of the PVAAA membrane is reduced with increasing the content of poly(acrylic acid) in the membrane. (3) Three stages of thermal degradation were found for pure PVA. Compared to pure PVA, the temperature of thermal degradation increased for the PVAAA membrane. The various PVAAA membranes were immersed in KOH solution to form polymer electrolyte membranes, PVAAA-KOH, and their performances for alkaline solid polymer electrolyte were conducted. At room temperature, the ionic conductivity increased from 0.044 to 0.312 S/cm. The result was due to the formation of interpenetrating polymer chain of poly(acrylic acid) in the PVAAA membrane and resulting in the increase of charge carriers in the PVA polymer matrix. Compared to the data reported for different membranes by other studies, our PVAAA membrane are highly ionic conducting alkaline solid polymer electrolytes membranes.     

用于燃料电池的季铵基团的PVA/PAADDA碱性聚合物电解质膜的制备及稳定性

通过聚合物共混法成功地制备出了具有化学交联结构的聚乙烯醇/二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺共聚物(PVA/PAADDA)碱性聚合物电解质膜。采用傅里叶红外分析（FTIR）、扫描电镜（SEM）、热重分析（TGA）和交流阻抗等方法详细考察了PVA/PAADDA膜的分子结构、微观形貌、热稳定性、耐碱稳定性、尺寸稳定性和电导率。红外分析结果表明,PAADDA成功地混入聚合物基体中。SEM分析结果表明,当m(PVA):m(PAADDA)=1:1时,膜可观察到明显的微相分离。TGA结果表明,混入PAADDA后膜的热稳定性没有明显降低,并且在210 oC之前能保持很好的热稳定性。PVA/PAADDA膜在经过高温、高浓度碱溶液（80 oC, 6 mol?L-1）处理后,仍表现出很好的耐碱稳定性。同时,由于膜内形成致密的内互交联网络结构,PVA/PAADDA膜在60 oC水中处理300 h后也能表现出优良的尺寸稳定性和电导率稳定性。此外,膜的甲醇吸收率随着温度的升高没有明显变化,90 oC时甲醇吸收率仅为同条件下Nafion115膜的1/5。     

Alkaline Zn-air and Al-air cells based on novel solid PVA/PAA polymer electrolyte membranes

High ionic conducting solid polymer electrolyte membranes (SPEM) had been successfully prepared from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). The solution casting method yielded highly hydrophilic membranes with uniform structure that were suitable for electrochemical applications. The room temperature ionic conductivity of the alkaline PVA/PAA polymer electrolyte membranes was in the range of 0.142–0.301 S cm⁻¹ depending on the composition. The cyclic voltammetry analysis was carried out using Zn|SPEM|Zn and Al|SPEM|Al cells. The analysis results revealed the excellent electrochemical stability of these newly developed alkaline solid PVA/PAA polymer electrolyte membranes. Metal-air fuel cells were also prepared from the alkaline solid PVA/PAA polymer electrolyte membranes. The electrochemical cell performance was evaluated based on Zn-air and Al-air cells at C/10 and C/5 discharge rates. The experimental results exhibited high percent of utilization for metal powders at room temperature. It was up to 90% for Zn-air cell when assembled with PVA:PAA = 10:7.5 polymer electrolyte membrane and discharged at C/10 rate. The power density could be as high as 50 mW cm⁻² at room temperature. However, the cell percent utilization was reduced to 73% with the same composition electrolyte membrane when C/5 discharge rate was tested.     

一种高电导率PVA聚合物电解质的制备与表征

A type of polymer-in-salt electrolyte composed of poly( vinyl alcohol), KOH and water was prepared by a solution casting method. X-ray diffraction proves that the high concentration of KOH in the electrolyte is in an amorphous state. The ionic conductivities of the PVA-KOH-H2O electrolytes increased as the concentration of KOH increased, and the alkaline electrolyte with PVA/KOH 1/3 (mass ratio) exhibited the highest ionic conductivity of 0. 15 S/cm at room temperature, as measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The temperature dependence of the conductivity is found to be in agreement with the Arrhenius equation. The potential stability window at the metal/electrolyte interface was of 1.4 V for the nickel electrode determined by cyclic voltammetry.     

PVA-膨润土-KOH-H2O复合碱性聚合物电解质的制备与表征

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)与膨润土(bentonite)和氢氧化钾为原料, 采用溶液浇铸法制备了PVA-膨润土-KOH-H2O复合碱性聚合物电解质膜. 运用X衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和循环伏安(CV)等技术对复合膜进行了表征, 分析了膨润土对聚合物膜电导率的影响. 结果表明, 膨润土对电解质的导电性能具有双重作用: 一方面膨润土本身会阻塞PVA内部结构中的部分离子通道, 导致复合电解质的电导率降低; 另一方面, 膨润土有助于体系中KOH含量的增加, 同时PVA-膨润土相界面高导电性缺陷层的形成有助于体系电导率的提高. 当体系水的质量分数较低时, 复合电解质体系电导率存在极大值; 当w(H2O)为65%时, 则观察到电导率的线性增加趋势; 电解质最高室温电导率达0.110 S·cm-1. XRD图谱显示适当配比的复合膜中PVA呈无定形态; SEM结果证实了适当配比的复合膜中存在大量微米级孔径的微孔通道. 循环伏安曲线表明PVA-膨润土-KOH-H2O碱性聚合物电解质膜有约2.0 V的较宽电化学稳定窗口.     

增塑剂对PVA碱性聚合物电解质电化学性能的影响

通过溶解―铸膜法制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)-KOH-H2O碱性聚合物电解质膜。向聚合物中添加增塑剂丙三醇(GROL)和碳酸丙烯酯(PC)来提高离子电导率。X射线晶体衍射分析(XRD)结果表明,添加增塑剂未改变聚合物的物相结构,薄膜仍主要为不定形态。差示扫描热分析(DSC)结果显示,添加增塑剂后聚合物电解质膜的玻璃化转变温度降低,促进了电解质膜向不定形态转变。电解质膜室温离子电导率随增塑剂添加而增大,增塑剂超过一定量后离子电导率开始下降。PC对提高离子电导率的作用优于GROL。循环伏安测试结果显示,电解质膜的电化学稳定性窗口随增塑剂的添加而有所变窄,但仍显示了较好的电化学稳定性。     

Preparation of alkaline anion exchange membranes based on functional poly(ether-imide) polymers for potential fuel cell applications

A novel poly(ether-imide)-based alkaline anion exchange membrane with no free base has been prepared and characterized for its ionic conductivity in water, which is a critical metric of its applicability in a liquid-fed direct methanol fuel cell. The poly(ether-imide)-based membranes were prepared by chloromethylation, quaternization and alkalization of commercial poly(ether-imide) and the derivatives were characterized by NMR. The chemical and thermal stabilities were investigated by measuring changes of ionic conductivities when the membranes were placed in various alkaline concentrations and temperatures for 24 h. The membranes were stable at all concentrations of KOH at room temperature, but not at elevated temperatures. The membranes were stable in 1.0 M KOH solution up to 80 °C without losing membrane integrity. The measured conductivity of the formed membrane ranged from 2.28 to 3.51 × 10⁻³ S/cm at room temperature. This preliminary study indicates that functionalized poly(ether-imide) has suitable conductivity suggesting that it can be used as an alkaline anion exchange membrane in fuel cell applications.     

PVA碱性凝胶聚合物电解质薄膜电化学稳定性研究

应用溶解—铸膜法制备聚乙烯醇(polyvinylalcohol,PVA)碱性凝胶聚合物电解质(gelpolymerelectrolyte,GPE)薄膜.交流阻抗(EIS)测试表明,随着KOH含量的增加,该薄膜的离子电导率表现为先增大而后减小的变化趋势,当KOH含量为42%(bymass,下同)时,电导率达到最大值,为2.01×10-3S/cm.X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明,当膜中KOH含量大于20%时,晶态的PVA就逐渐转变为非晶态结构.又当KOH含量增加到一定值后,由于体系中未电离的非晶态KOH量的增多而导致离子电导率下降.循环伏安(CV)和拉曼光谱(Raman)结果表明,该薄膜具有很好的电化学稳定性,可应用于碱性二次电池.