丝光沸石骨架中Fe的XAFS表征

通过水热法合成了骨架含铁的杂原子丝光沸石,采用XRD,FT-IR及TPR等表征技术确认铁进入了分子筛骨架。利用XAFS地分子筛中铁的精细结构和配位环境进行了表征和计算,近边吸收的Fe-K边前跃迁证实铁在分子筛骨架中位于四面体配位环境中,与邻近原子存在共价键作用;铁-氧配位键长为0.188～0.189nm.     

丝光沸石骨架中Fe的XAFS表征

通过水热法合成了骨架含铁的杂原子丝光沸石,采用XRD,FT-IR及TPR等表征技术确认铁进入了分子筛骨架。利用XAFS地分子筛中铁的精细结构和配位环境进行了表征和计算,近边吸收的Fe-K边前跃迁证实铁在分子筛骨架中位于四面体配位环境中,与邻近原子存在共价键作用;铁-氧配位键长为0.188～0.189nm.     

稀土掺杂La-Al-EU-1分子筛的合成与表征

在HMBr2-Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2-La2O3-H2O体系中,采用水热法合成了高结晶度的La-Al-EU-1分子筛。通过XRD,FT-IR,XPS,TG-DTG和UV-Vis DRS等手段对合成样品进行分析。结果表明:随着原始溶胶中镧的质量分数增加,La-Al-EU-1分子筛晶胞体积膨胀;FT-IR骨架振动频率向低波数方向移动,在约980 cm-1处出现Si-O-La对称伸缩振动谱带;在λ=245 nm分子筛骨架O原子的成键2p电子向骨架四配位的La原子的空d轨道的p-d跃迁产生的特征峰强度增强;La3d3/2和La3d5/2伴峰电子结合能比La2O3高1.0 eV,氧的O1s电子结合能比La2O3高1.1 eV,La3d和O1s的电子结合能同步向高能方向移动,导致La-O键共价性减少,电子云密度降低,La-O键长增加,证明了La原子已经进入了分子筛骨架,并以La3+离子四配位方式存在;当ωLa0.82%,n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=50~80时,晶化时间24~41 h,可以合成高结晶度的La-Al-EU-1分子筛。     

紫外拉曼光谱研究FeAlPO_4-5分子筛的合成机理

利用紫外共振拉曼光谱和紫外-可见漫反射光谱对不同铁含量的 FeAlPO4-5 分子筛进行了研究. 结果表明, FeAlPO4-5 分子筛的骨架铁有 4 个特征的拉曼谱峰, 分别位于 630, 1060, 1140 和 1210 cm?1. 当凝胶中 Al/Fe 比小于 380 时, 只有一部分铁离子可以进入分子筛形成四配位的骨架铁物种; 而另一部分则以骨架外六配位的铁物种存在, 其特征拉曼谱峰位于 285 cm?1. 结合紫外拉曼光谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和 X 射线衍射研究了 Al/Fe 比为 760 时 FeAlPO4-5 分子筛的晶化过程. 结果发现, 在分子筛晶化前, 铁物种以六配位的形式存在, 它为分子筛前体中的一维链状磷酸铝添加了一个惰性端基, 六配位的 Fe-O 键不利于它与其它磷酸铝物种发生反应; 当分子筛开始晶化时, 带有铁离子端基的磷酸铝链与其它磷酸铝链进一步反应形成分子筛骨架. 同时, 六配位的铁离子和邻近的磷酸铝物种反应转化为四配位的骨架铁物种.     

新型无机-有机杂化微孔晶体Cd3(BDC)0.5(BTC)2(DMF)(H2O)·3DMF·H3O·H2O的合成与结构

传统分子筛是以硅氧四面体和铝氧四面体为骨架的微孔晶体材料. 近年来, 以无机-有机结构单元为骨架组成的微孔晶体材料已引起人们的广泛关注[1～19]. 该类材料是由金属离子(或金属氧簇)与有机配体(大多数是芳香多酸和多碱)构成的建筑单元通过共价键或者分子间作用力构成的. 无机-有机杂化晶体材料有多种结构类型, 如1-D, 2-D, 3-D和笼状结构等.     

钛硅复合氧化物局域结构的研究

用XAFS（X-ray absorption fine structure）分析了由溶胶-凝胶、液相浸渍和化学气相沉积等三种方法制备的二氧化钛和二氧化硅复合氧化物的Ti K边结构.结果表明:溶胶-凝胶法制得的复合氯化物中的钛分散很好,液相浸渍法次之,而化学气相沉积法最差.不论哪种方法,随钛含量（或钛硅原子比）的增加,边前特征峰A2降低,钛的第一配位层Ti－O的配位数和键长增加;在复合载体中既有钛中心对称的八面体6配位TiO6的结构也有钛中心对称性差的四面体4配位TiO4或五面体5配位结构,并且随钛含量增加,钛的局域结构越来越接近锐钛矿型二氧化钛.根据XAFS、XRD、IR表征结果,提出了钛硅复合氧化物模型.     

含铁微孔EU-1/ZSM-5复合分子筛的合成和表征

采用预置晶种法合成了含铁的微孔EU-1/ZSM-5复合分子筛,并采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重-微分热重(TG-DTG)、N₂吸附-脱附、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis DRS)、X射线吸收精细结构(XAFS)等手段进行了表征。结果表明,复合分子筛具有EU-1和ZSM-5的特征衍射峰,是两种晶相相互作用的分子分散晶相材料,微孔孔径较Fe-EU-1分子筛有所增大。随原始溶胶中铁的质量分数增加,复合分子筛具有的23.09°和23.94°处的特征衍射峰逐渐向低角度方向偏移;紫外-可见漫反射谱图中在220~245 nm出现了宽的吸收谱带;XAFS表征表明,1s→3d电子跃迁的弱吸收峰逐渐增强,同时在吸收边顶部出现的1s→4p吸收峰逐渐由宽变窄。合成工艺的最佳条件为,原始溶胶中铁的质量分数为0.075%~0.15%,晶种添加比例为15.0%~21.0%,晶种SiO₂/Al₂O₃物质的量比为50~60。     

液固相同晶取代法制备Sn-NaY催化环己酮Baeyer-Villiger氧化

以微孔分子筛NaY为载体,SnCl_4·5H_2O为锡源,通过液固相同晶取代法制备催化材料Sn-NaY,研究了脱铝预处理和焙烧两个因素对制备Sn-NaY的影响.采用FT-IR、UV-Vis、XRD、N_2物理吸附、ICP、NH_3-TPD、吡啶红外、激光拉曼等手段对催化材料进行了表征.结果表明:对载体进行脱铝预处理有利于分子筛在催化剂制备过程中保持良好的骨架结构,焙烧有利于进入分子筛骨架中的Sn(Ⅳ)与硅羟基成键,从而形成有催化活性的四配位的Sn(Ⅳ),而空气氛围下焙烧容易产生骨架外SnO_2物种.Sn-NaY催化环己酮Baeyer-Villiger氧化结果表明,在环己酮0.03 mol,n(H_2O_2)∶n(酮)=1.5∶1,0.35 g催化剂,15 mL乙腈,70℃反应24 h的工艺条件下,N_2氛围焙烧的同晶取代脱铝催化剂性能最好,环己酮的转化率可达44%,己内酯的选择性为62%.     

铝在MCM-22分子筛骨架上分布的27Al MQ MAS NMR研究

利用二维多量子魔角旋转（2D MQ MAS）技术并结合量子化学计算，研究了铝在MCM-22分子筛骨架上的分布，并对铝的不等价四面体位进行了归属.在27Al 2D 5Q MAS NMR谱中骨架四配位铝的范围内观察到3个信号，证明MCM-22分子筛有3种骨架铝.经计算这3种骨架四配位铝的各向同性化学位移和四极作用常数分别为：δ 50.5、δ 57.3、δ 62.4和1.74、1.68、1.92 MHz. MCM-22分子筛结构中有8种结晶学不等价四面体（T）位.我们通过模拟MCM-22分子筛的27Al 2D 5Q MAS NMR谱，认为8种不等价T位分为3组. T2、T6位上的铝分别与δ 61、δ 49处的信号相关， T1、T3、T4、T5、T7、T8位上的铝对δ 56处的共振峰有贡献.当硅铝原子数比(Si/Al)在10～15之间变化时，铝在MCM-22分子筛的骨架上是无规占据的.     

Fe—Si—ZSM—12分子筛的表征

本文用红外光谱研究了Fe-Si-ZSM-12分子筛,观察到其结构单元的骨架振动谱带在545cm~(-1)、580cm~(-1)和630cm~(-1),而表示Si—O—Fe键的对称伸缩振动谱带在660cm~(-1)和780cm~(-1),且随铁含量增加向高波数位移。Fe-Si-ZSM-12分子筛的穆斯堡尔谱的结果表明,骨架铁的IS值很小,IS=0.086(-0.17)mm/s,且QS=0.0mm/s,这明显不同于非骨架铁IS=0.53mm/s。在Fe-Si-ZSM-12分子筛的ESR谱图上,观察到骨架铁的顺磁信号(g=4.3),样品焙烧后顺磁信号减弱,骨架铁向非骨架位迁移。IR、Mossbauer、ESR结果证明,Fe~(3+)进入了骨架。     

Investigation of the Fe K-edge XANES spectra from Fe(1-x)Ga(x)SbO4: local versus nonlocal excitations

The Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge (XANES) spectra from Fe(1-x)Ga(x)SbO(4), having a rutile-like structure, have been investigated. Similar to the Ti K-edge XANES spectrum from TiO(2) (rutile), the low-energy pre-edge region observed in the Fe K-edge spectra is too broad to be representative of only a local, quadrupolar 1s → 3d excitation. The broadness of this peak results from the presence of a nonlocal transition, referred to as an intersite hybrid, which involves the excitation of 1s electrons to unoccupied 3d states of a next-nearest-neighbor Fe atom. (These 3d states overlap Fe 4p states of the absorbing atom through O 2p states.) With increasing Ga concentration, the intensity of the intersite hybrid peak decreases because of a deficiency of unoccupied next-nearest-neighbor 3d states. This observation provides important information on how the peak intensities of these nonlocal excitations are affected by substitution of the constituent elements.     

Investigations into the metal species of the homogeneous iron(III) catalyzed Michael addition reactions

An investigation into the species formed in the first step of the solvent free homogeneous Michael reaction of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones with 2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate (1) is presented. This reaction is catalyzed by FeCl(3).6H(2)O (2) and Fe(ClO(4))(3).9H(2)O (3). EXAFS, XANES, Raman and UV-Vis studies were carried out to explain the experimentally found higher catalytic activity of Fe(ClO(4))(3).9H(2)O (3) compared to FeCl(3).6H(2)O (2). A very intense pre-edge peak is found for a 1.6 mol% solution of FeCl(3).6H(2)O (2) in 1, suggesting a tetrachloroferrate(III) compound to be present in this solution. This is proved by UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy. The counterion of this anionic complex is an octahedral [Fe(III)(1-H)(2)(H2O2)](+) complex with two deprotonated 2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate (1) as the chelating ligand, (1-H)(-), as suggested by the examination of the XANES region, the obtained coordination numbers from the EXAFS analysis and by UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopies. In summary, the anion-cation species [Fe(III)Cl(4)](-)[Fe(III)(-H)(2)(H2O2)](+) is formed with FeCl(3).6H(2)O (2), whereas in the case of Fe(ClO(4))(3).9H(2)O (3) XAFS, Raman and UV-Vis investigations suggest the presence of a complex of the form [Fe(III)(1-H)(2)(H2O2)](+)[ClO(4)](-). The obtained results are discussed to explain the reduced catalytic activity of FeCl(3).6H(2)O (2) in comparison to Fe(ClO(4))(3).9H(2)O (3).     

A mononuclear cyclopentadiene-iron complex grafted in the supercages of HY zeolite: synthesis, structure, and reactivity

The reaction of ferrocene with the acidic hydroxy groups in the supercages of zeolite HY dehydrated at 673 K and the reactivity of the resultant surface species towards CO and O(2) were investigated by temperature-programmed decomposition (TPD) and reduction (TPR) and IR, X-ray absorption fine structure analysis (XAFS), and X-ray photoelectron (XP) spectroscopy. In situ FTIR, TPD, TPR, and chemical analysis reveal that the Cp(2)Fe molecule adsorbed on the zeolite surface loses one cyclopentadienyl group under vacuum at 423 K, which leads to the formation of a well-defined mononuclear surface Fe-C(5)H(6) complex grafted to two acidic sites and one ([triple bond]Si-O-Si[triple bond]) unit, as confirmed by the lack of Fe-Fe contributions in the EXAFS spectra. Each iron atom is coordinated, on average, to three oxygen atoms of the zeolite surface with a Fe--O distance of 2.00 A and to five carbon atoms with a Fe--C distance of 2.09 A. IR spectra indicate that the cyclopentadiene-iron species grafted on the surface of the zeolite is quite stable in vacuo or under an inert or hydrogen atmosphere below 423 K, and is also relatively stable under oxygen at room temperature. However, the cyclopentadiene ligand readily reacts with CO to form a compound containing carbonyl at 323 K, and even at room temperature. The single carbonyl band in the IR spectra provides evidence for the nearly uniform formation of a cyclopentadiene-iron species on the surface of the zeolite.     

Sol-Gel Preparation of α-Fe2O3 Thin Films: Structural Characterization by XAFS and Raman

Films of Fe2O3 have been prepared by two different sol-gel syntheses, starting from inorganic salts as precursors, Fe(NO3)3 · 9H2O or FeCl3 · 6H2O. Differences in the local order between the two preparations are investigated by XAFS (X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure) and Raman measurements.     

新型液固相同晶取代法制备Ti-β沸石

采用以Ti(SO4)2液固相同晶取代H-β沸石的后合成新路线制备Ti-β沸石,并对制得的样品进行了XRD,IR,Raman,UV-Vis,XPS和正己烷吸附等表征以及催化活性的测定.发现经过质量分数为30%的Ti(SO4)2水溶液适当改性后得到的Ti-β沸石具有良好的催化性能.Raman和UV-Vis光谱及正己烷吸附的结果表明,后合成路线制得的Ti-β样品仅存在很少量的骨架外的Ti物种.UV-Vis光谱在220nm处的强吸收峰和骨架在960cm-1处的红外吸收峰均证明在沸石骨架中存在四配位Ti原子.通过液固相同晶取代法得到的Ti-β沸石对环己烯与30%H2O2的环氧化反应具有很高的催化活性,由于样品中仍存在酸性位,因此其反应产物主要是环己烯环氧化后的醇解及水解产物.     

Visible-light-responsive photocatalytic reaction on tetrahedrally-coordinated chromium oxide moieties loaded on ZSM-5 zeolites and HMS mesoporous silica: partial oxidation of propane

Chromium oxide (Cr-oxide) moieties loaded on ZSM-5 zeolites and HMS mesoporous silica molecular sieves were prepared by an impregnation method and characterized by various spectroscopic methods (XRD, XAFS, UV-Vis, photoluminescence) and their photocatalytic reactivities for partial oxidation of propane under visible light irradiation were investigated. The local structure of Cr-oxide species depended to a large extent on the zeolite types and Si/A1 ratios of zeolites. Tetrahedrally-coordinated isolated Cr-oxide moieties can be loaded on HMS and ZSM-5 having the higher Si/A1 ratios. On these catalysts, in the presence of propane and O₂, a partial oxidation proceeded under visible light irradiation to produce acetone with high selectivity. The charge-transfer excited state of the tetrahedral Cr-oxide moieties plays a significant role in the selective photocatalytic reactions under visible light irradiation.     

Roussin红盐衍生物[Fe_2(μ_2-SC_6H_4F)_2(NO)_4]的晶体与分子结构

Roussin黑盐与重氮盐反应,可以得到络合物[Fe-2S_2(C_6H_4F)_2(NO)_4]。它是一种暗红色的晶体,属于三斜晶系,空间群P_~-,晶胞参数a=10.217 4),b=10.143(1),c=8.955(1),α=105.68(4)°,β=99.91(2)°,Υ=83.44(2)°,Z=2。应用X射线衍射方法测定晶体结构。由重原子法解出结构,并经全矩阵最小二乘法修正,R=0.029。单胞中的两个分子以对称心相连系。Fe原子为四面体配位,两个-SR基团上的S原子以桥键与两个Fe原子构成Fe_2S_2的菱形平面,四个-NO基则分别与两个Fe原子配位。     

Three 3D M~Ⅱ (M = Co,Ni, Zn) Supramolecular Polymers Constructed from O-vanillic Acid: Synthesis,Crystal Structure and TGA

The title compounds, [Co(H2O)6](OVA)2·2H2O 1, [Ni(H2O)6](OVA)2·2H2O 2 and [Zn(OVA)2·2H2O] 3 (HOVA = o-vanillic acid = 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate), were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR and TGA. Compounds 1 and 2 are both of triclinic with space group P1. The metal atom coordinated by six water molecules displays a slightly distorted octahedral configuration. Interestingly, the carboxyl group from HOVA ligand does not coordinate to the metal atom. Correspondingly, compound 3 belongs to the monoclinic system, space group C2/c. Each zinc(Ⅱ) atom exhibits a distorted four-coordinated tetrahedral geometry. Two monodentate carboxyl groups link one zinc(Ⅱ) atom to form a mononuclear molecule. The structure feature is different from that of compounds 1 and 2, which could be attributed to the different coordinated numbers and radii of Co(Ⅱ), Ni(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) atoms.