在高职药物化学教学中融入绿色化学理念

绿色环保是社会发展的趋势,培养绿色环保的理念和技能是人才教育的责任。药物化学是高职高专药学类专业的核心课程,教学中尝试以绿色化学的12条原则为主线,引入实例,将绿色化学的理念和实施方法运用到药物化学的结构设计和工艺路线中,从而让学生理解绿色化学的12条原则,丰富学生关于药学领域的绿色化学经验和技能。     

绿色化学与绿色化学教育

本文介绍了绿色化学的定义和内涵,绿色化学的 12条原则,“原子经济”概念,绿色化学的研究动态以及实施绿色化学教育的意义和方法。     

绿色化学

绿色化学致力于从源头上制止污染物的生成。它研究的科学问题遍及化学的整个领域。本文介绍绿色化学的一些基本原则和以生物质为原料的化学的基础问题, 以期为解决可持续发展的问题提供依据。     

2009年美国“总统绿色化学挑战奖”获奖成果简介

简要介绍了2009年美国“总统绿色化学挑战奖”的5个获奖项目:伊士曼化学品公司获得更绿色合成路线奖;世界微波化学技术的领导者CEM公司获得了更绿色反应条件奖;Procter&Gamble和Cook Composites&Polymers公司共同分享了设计更绿色化学品奖;绿色能源系统公司获得小企业奖;卡耐基-梅隆大学Matyjaszewski教授获得学术奖。     

绿色化学实验

绿色化学实验的研究和设计将实现对环境没有或只有很少负作用的理想与目标 ,微型实验、小量 -半微量实验、微波化学实验和计算机辅助的绿色化学实验设计是实现这一目标的一些可能途径。     

化学化工专业学生绿色化学认识的调查与思考

就化学化工专业学生对绿色化学认识的调查显示：多数学生对绿色化学的属性有较好的理解与认识;不少学生对绿色化学作用的理解与认识不足,甚至是错误的;对绿色化学的12条原则认识不全面。学校与教师应提高对学生进行绿色化学教育重要性的认识,通过开设专门的绿色化学课程,在化学理论课与实验课教学中自觉地渗透绿色化学理念,在实践中培养绿色化学意识。     

中学化学中绿色化学教学的问题与对策

通过访谈发现,教师在呈现绿色化学时缺乏恰当的教学策略,学生对绿色化学内涵的理解比较浅薄。针对此问题,多次同课异构比较和分析的结果表明：教师应在教学设计时,多关注科技前沿的最新成果,以系统的、整合的方式呈现给学生真实的问题情境;在教学实施时,应激发学生内在动力,多维度地看待绿色化学,才能让绿色成为学生科学画卷的底色。     

绿色化学实验

绿色化学实验的研究和设计将实现对环境没有或只有很少负作用的理想与目标,微型实验、小量-半微量实验、微波化学实验和计算机辅助的绿色化学实验设计是实现这一目标的一些可能途径.     

绿色化学实验

绿色化学实验的研究和设计将实现对环境没有或只有很少负作用的理想与目标，微型实验、小量－半微量实验、微波化学实验和计算机辅助的绿色化学实验设计是实现这一目标的一些可能途径。     

绿色化学理念在高分子化学实验教学中的渗透

绿色化学是促进人类与自然和谐发展的化学,培养绿色化学意识是实现社会可持续发展的基本要求。高分子化学实验是高等院校高分子材料专业或材料化学高分子方向本科生开设的一门必修课,对学生进行绿色化学教育具有非常有利的条件。文章分析了在高分子化学实验课程中开展绿色化学教育的必要性与可行性;介绍了高分子化学实验教学中开展绿色化学教育的具体措施。通过绿色化学理念在高分子化学实验教学中渗透,在提高学生动手能力的同时,又增强了学生的绿色化学意识。     

Determination of the enthalpy of fusion of K<Subscript>3</Subscript>TaO<Subscript>2</Subscript>F<Subscript>4</Subscript> and KTaF<Subscript>6</Subscript>

Areas of fusion and crystallization peaks of K₃TaO₂F₄ and KTaF₆ were measured using the DSC mode of a high-temperature calorimeter (SETARAM 1800 K). On the basis of these quantities, considering the temperature dependence of the calorimeter sensitivity, values of the fusion enthalpy of K₃TaO₂F₄ at the fusion temperature of 1181 K of (43 ± 4) kJ mol⁻¹ and of KTaF₆ at the fusion temperature of 760 K of (8 ± 1) kJ mol⁻¹ were determined.     

Physicochemical foundations of synthesis of new ferromagnets from chalcopyrites A<Superscript>II</Superscript>B<Superscript>IV</Superscript>C<Stack><Subscript>2</Subscript><Superscript>V</Superscript></Stack>

The results of studying phase equilibria of ternary A^IIB^IVC^V systems have been reported. Physicochemical foundations have been developed for the synthesis of new ferromagnets with Curie temperatures above room temperature structurally compatible with basic semiconducting materials. Methods of synthesis and physicochemical properties of manganese-doped A^IIB^IVC₂^V ferromagnets have been described. The results of theoretical simulation of magnetic properties have been considered and basic approaches to the explanation of the emergence of ferromagnetism in A^IIB^IVC₂^V doped with 3d metals have been surveyed. The most promising ways to produce and study dilute magnetic semiconductors as spintronics materials have been presented.     

Determination of the enthalpy of fusion of K<Subscript>3</Subscript>NbO<Subscript>2</Subscript>F<Subscript>4</Subscript>

Areas of fusion and crystallization peaks of K₃NbO₂F₄ were measured using the DCS mode of a high-temperature calorimeter (SETARAM 1800 K). On the basis of these quantities, considering the temperature dependence of the calorimeter sensitivity, the value of the fusion enthalpy of K₃NbO₂F₄ of (98 ± 6) kJ mol⁻¹ was determined at the fusion temperature of 1257 K.     

Structure of Zn<Subscript>3</Subscript>P<Subscript>2</Subscript>

The structure of Z_n3P₂ (P 4₂/nmc, a = b = 8. 0785 Å, c = 11. 3966 Å) was solved and refined to R = 3. 2% in a precision X-ray diffraction experiment (λ-MoK _a, graphite monochromator on a primary beam, 27,496 reflections) . Interatomic distances and bond angles have been determined. The fcc lattice of the structure is built from phosphorus atoms, and the zinc atoms occupy 3/4 of all tetrahedral voids; the structure is described by two equivalent models where 1/4 occupied (by zinc atoms) and 1/4 vacant voids change places. The zinc atoms that occupy the voids following the diamond principle do not change places.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by I. E. Zanin, K. B. Aleinikova, M. M. Afanasiev, and M. Yu. Antipin__________Translated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 889–892, September–October, 2004.     

Coefficients of thermal expansion of KPb<Subscript>2</Subscript>Cl<Subscript>5</Subscript> and RbPb<Subscript>2</Subscript>Br<Subscript>5</Subscript> crystals

The temperature dependence of unit cell parameters for monoclinic KPb₂Cl₅ and tetragonal RbPb₂Br₅ crystals was studied in the range of 100–298 K. Linear and volume thermal expansion coefficients were determined.     

“蒸馏酒”还是“发酵酒”——对《科学史导论》中“spirits” 和“distillation”的再思考

科学史奠基者乔治·萨顿在《科学史导论》第二卷的第一部分对我国宋代酿酒著作《北山酒经》予以了简要描述,出现了“spirits”“distillation”等字样;而《北山酒经》被众多学者认为其描述对象是发酵酒(黄酒)。本文从东西方蒸馏技术和相关著作的文本分析对《科学史导论》中提及的蒸馏技术和蒸馏酒存在的可能性提出了质疑。     

2,4‐Di­nitro­phenyl­hydrazones of 2,4‐di­hydroxy­benz­aldehyde, 2,4‐di­hydroxy­aceto­phenone and 2,4‐di­hydroxy­benzo­phenone

In 2,4‐di­hydroxy­benz­aldehyde 2,4‐di­nitro­phenyl­hydrazone N,N‐di­methyl­form­amide solvate {or 4‐[(2,4‐di­nitro­phenyl)­hydrazono­methyl]­benzene‐1,3‐diol N,N‐di­methyl­form­amide solvate}, C₁₃H₁₀N₄O₆·C₃H₇NO, (X), 2,4‐di­hydroxy­aceto­phenone 2,4‐di­nitro­phenyl­hydrazone N,N‐di­methyl­form­am­ide solvate (or 4‐{1‐[(2,4‐di­nitro­phenyl)hydrazono]ethyl}benzene‐1,3‐diol N,N‐di­methyl­form­amide solvate), C₁₄H₁₂N₄O₆·C₃H₇NO, (XI), and 2,4‐di­hydroxy­benzo­phenone 2,4‐di­nitro­phenyl­hydrazone N,N‐di­methyl­acet­amide solvate (or 4‐­{[(2,4‐di­nitro­phenyl)hydrazono]phenyl­methyl}benzene‐1,3‐diol N,N‐di­methyl­acet­amide solvate), C₁₉H₁₄N₄O₆·C₄H₉NO, (XII), the molecules all lack a center of symmetry, crystallize in centrosymmetric space groups and have been observed to exhibit non‐linear optical activity. In each case, the hydrazone skeleton is fairly planar, facilitated by the presence of two intramolecular hydrogen bonds and some partial N—N double‐bond character. Each molecule is hydrogen bonded to one solvent mol­ecule.     

Effect of SO<Subscript>2</Subscript> on chlorination of Bi<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> + Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> mixtures

The reaction of Bi₂O₃ + Fe₂O₃ mixtures with chlorine and SO₂ at 250–700°C is studied. At 300–500°C, the degree of bismuth chloride sublimation from the oxide mixture increases in the presence of SO₂. Chemical sublimation of FeCl₃ occurs after BiCl₃ is virtually completely recovered from the solid phase.     

Phase diagram of V<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>5</Subscript>-MoO<Subscript>3</Subscript>-Ag<Subscript>2</Subscript>O system

The results concerning the synthesis, structure and thermal properties of V₂O₅-MoO₃-Ag₂O samples in the vanadium rich region of ternary system are presented in the form of quasi-binary phase diagrams in which at constant V₂O₅/MoO₃ molar ratios, equal 9:1, 7:3 and 1:1, the content of Ag₂O was variable. A new ternary phase isostructural with NaVMoO₆ has been detected in the investigated system.