思维导图在高一化学教学中的应用研究——以人教版《化学1(必修)》第一章为例

以人教版高中《化学1(必修)》第一章教学为例,引导学生运用思维导图进行预习、听课和复习,探讨了思维导图在化学教学中的应用价值,并对思维导图在教学方面的应用前景作了展望。     

思维导图在高分子化学教学中的应用

高分子化学本身内容繁杂,课程中涉及众多概念、原理、公式,复杂难懂,理论性较强,学生综合理解难度大。本文分析了思维导图在师生使用方面的优势及其应用价值,并将思维导图与高分子化学的课程学习相结合,解决了教学过程中的各种问题,有助于学生构建完整的高分子化学知识架构,取得了良好的教学效果。     

通过翻转课堂培养学生化学学科核心素养*——以“乙醇”为例

以翻转课堂“乙醇”为例,以思维导图为主要评价手段和表征阶段成果的方式。在翻转课堂教学过程中,促进了学生化学学科核心素养的培养。     

基于SOLO理论的思维导图建构三重表征整体关系的教学研究

以氯水的教学为案例,运用三重表征方式多元角度认识和理解物质,并用思维导图直观表示三重表征之间的联系。研究结果表明,SOLO分类理论可有效指导教师确定学生的学习最近发展区及有效的教学策略;运用思维导图可直观表示化学知识三重表征之间的逻辑关系,促进学生建构起三重表征的有机整体关系,加速以符号表征为桥梁进行三重表征之间的互译转换,促使学生将多点知识结构发展为关联知识结构、抽象拓展结构水平。因此,在教学中应用思维导图建构化学三重表征的整体关系,有利于提高学生学习结果的质量。     

图示思维在化学反应原理衔接教学中的运用——以铝盐和铁盐的净水作用为例

以明矾的净水作用蕴含的化学反应原理为例,着重分析高中“化学1”模块内的7处教学衔接,进而简要论述高中选修模块“化学与生活”“化学反应原理”中的教学衔接。运用思维导图、模型图、概念图、流程图等图示思维教学方式,进行模块内和模块间的知识衔接教学,有利于强化学科理解能力,培养学生的化学核心素养。     

宏观把握微观掌握──利用思维导图上好化学复习课

介绍了在化学复习课教学中,如何利用思维导图从课前、课中和课后3个阶段引导学生对知识进行系统化的整理,以形成知识体系,并从细节上把握各知识点的应用;同时探讨了思维导图在复习课教学方面的优势。     

思维导图在高校化学专业英语教学中的应用

针对传统化学专业英语教学中存在的问题,从化学专业词汇入手详细阐述思维导图在该课程教学中的应用,有利于帮助学生发现知识间的内在联系,加深对专业知识的理解,从而提高师生互动度和课堂效率。     

CBL结合学科思维导图在生物化学检验教学中的应用

为了培养高职高专检验专业学生在临床思维、问题探究及知识系统性掌握运用等方面的综合能力,在生物化学检验教学中探索了CBL与学科思维导图相结合的教学方法,多年的教学实践证明,这是一种可以用于提高学习者综合能力的良好的教学方法。     

思维导图在仪器分析实验教学中的应用——以电化学分析实验为例

在电化学分析实验教学中引入思维导图,探讨了思维导图在仪器分析实验教学中的应用方法及效果评价。实验原理的教学依托“比较与对比图”和“逻辑思维图”,强调相关方法原理之间的联系,突出新方法的特点;实验步骤则以清晰易懂的“流程图”方式呈现。教学实践表明,思维导图有利于学生对实验基本原理的理解和掌握,提高了学生的实验兴趣,促进了学生的独立思考能力和解决问题的能力,显著提升了实验教学效果。     

导教图——一种思维疏导的教学设计工具

课堂教学设计是一项十分复杂的教学活动,需要考虑教师、学生、教学内容及教学媒体等诸多要素之间的联系。导图作为一种可视化的教学设计工具,能够使复杂的教学设计直观化、形象化,使教学过程层次化、简洁化,使各种教学要素信息一目了然,是课堂教学活动实施的蓝图。简介3种经典导图,并对原有形式进行拓展与延伸,提出一种新的模型——导教图。从化学新课程改革理念出发,结合“离子反应”的案例探讨了导教图在化学教学设计中的实际应用。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。