通过远端碳氮双键迁移实现非活化烯烃的三氟甲硫基化反应

利用自由基参与的官能团迁移策略实现了非活化烯烃的三氟甲硫基化反应.通过AgSCF₃和K₂S₂O₈相互作用产生的三氟甲硫基自由基与非活化烯烃反应,继而诱导远端含有碳氮双键官能团（杂芳基、亚胺）的分子内迁移,从而实现非活化烯烃的三氟甲硫基化反应.该转化具有反应条件温和、产物收率高、官能团兼容性广及区域选择性单一等特点,对具有不同电性和位阻的底物具有较好的适用性,高效构建了一系列含有三氟甲硫基的烷烃酮化合物.     

三氟甲基自由基促进的烯烃官能团迁移新进展

引入三氟甲基官能团可以有效地改善功能分子的化学稳定性、代谢稳定性及脂溶性等理化性质.发展三氟甲基化合物的高效合成方法具有重要的应用价值.近年来,三氟甲基自由基与烯烃的反应得到了迅速的发展,其形成的烷基自由基物种促进分子内官能团的迁移,极大地丰富了烯烃的官能团化方式,在实现烯烃三氟甲基官能团化的同时,为迅速构建多样性的分子提供了有效的策略,并推动了有机自由基化学的发展.根据烯烃类型的不同,分为官能团化的烯丙基化合物和非活化烯烃两大部分,对近年来发展的三氟甲基自由基促进的烯烃的双官能团化反应进行了总结.各部分根据迁移官能团种类不同,详细讨论了不同方式的自由基产生途径、反应的适用范围和局限性以及不同催化体系的反应机理.最后,进一步对基于烯烃三氟甲基化引发的官能团迁移反应进行了总结,分析了目前的一些研究现状.     

可见光促进下氟烷基砜对芳基烯烃的自由基氟烷基化反应

自由基氟烷基化是向有机分子中引入氟烷基的一类非常重要的方法,也是目前有机化学研究的热点之一.近几年来,由于广泛的官能团兼容性和温和的反应条件等优点,可见光促进的氧化还原催化反应得到了长足的发展,已经成为化学键的构建和活化的有力工具.因此,光氧化还原催化的自由基氟烷基化反应,作为向有机化合物中引入氟烷基的有效途径,受到了广泛关注.本文报道了我们发展的氟烷基砜作为一类方便易得的新型氟烷基自由基前体,在可见光氧化还原催化下实现对烯烃的自由基氟烷基化反应.该反应可以高效地向芳基烯烃中引入三氟甲基、二氟甲基、1,1-二氟乙基、苯基二氟甲基等各种含氟烷基基团,并实现对芳基烯烃的双官能团化转化.     

可见光促进合成三氟甲基取代的四氢呋喃和四氢吡喃（英文）

利用相对廉价易得、操控简便的三氟甲基磺酰氯为三氟甲基自由基前体,在可见光催化下通过非活化烯烃的自由基1,2-烷氧基-三氟甲基化反应实现了一系列三氟甲基化的四氢呋喃和四氢吡喃化合物的高效合成.     

通过远端炔基迁移实现非活化烯烃的炔基化反应

正Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2017,56,4545~4548自由基参与的烯烃双官能化反应可以在烯烃的两侧同时引入两个基团,从而高效地修饰烯烃.炔类化合物在有机化学、药物化学及生物化学等诸多领域有着广泛的应用,而烯烃的自由基炔基化反应能为复杂炔类化合物的合成提供一类便捷的方法.苏州大学材料与化学化工学部、江苏省有机合成重点实验室朱晨课题组致力于利用分子内官     

可见光氧化还原催化炔基化反应的研究进展

炔烃的合成与转化一直是合成化学领域一个重要的研究内容,如何在有机分子中高效快速地引入炔基官能团一直备受关注.光氧化还原催化可利用绿色清洁的光能在较为温和的条件下产生高活性的自由基中间体,被广泛地应用于有机合成中.相对于传统过渡金属催化的Sonogashira反应,光氧化还原催化炔基化反应在最近十年取得了长足发展,且与前者形成了很好的互补之势.该类炔基化反应既可通过端炔与铜形成的炔铜中间体进行,又可通过非端炔的炔基自由基或炔基的自由基加成消除进行.此外,由于能用于该光催化炔基化反应的自由基源种类众多,使得传统Sonogashira反应类型得到了很好补充.根据炔基化反应成键的类型,对近年来可见光促进的炔基化反应进行了简要总结.     

亮点介绍

铜催化下一锅法实现高炔丙醇的三氟甲基化芳基迁移及酰基化反应
　　Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2014,53,7629～7633
　　含有三氟甲基基团的分子已经获得了广泛的重视,因为三氟甲基具有独特的电负性,新陈代谢的稳定性和亲脂性使得医药品、农药品、材料的生物化学性质得到极大的改善.因此国际上现阶段的工作主要是将三氟甲基基团引入到目标分子中.到现在为止,绝大多数的工作主要是针对双键的三氟甲基化官能团化反应,对于叁键的官能团化尤其是内部叁键的三氟甲基化反应探索的非常少.兰州大学功能有机分子国家重点实验室梁永民课题组首次利用铜催化一步实现了高炔丙醇的三氟甲基化,1,4-芳基迁移,酰基构建.该反应在温和条件下以较好的收率合成了三氟甲基取代的醛酮化合物,机理的研究中利用ESR技术检测到了三氟甲基自由基和反应中间体的自由基信号,理论计算的结果也表明了该反应是自由基参与环化、1,4-芳基迁移的过程。     

利用自由基引发的1,2-炔基迁移实现非活性烯烃的炔膦酰化

研究了1,4-烯炔衍生物与二芳基膦氧化物在银介导下发生的炔酰化反应.该反应利用自由基引发的1,2-炔基迁移策略合成了一系列γ-酮膦氧化物,产率适中.该反应机理可能涉及膦中心自由基与乙烯基的加成、3-exo-dig环化和1,2-炔基迁移等连续的过程,一步形成了C-P、C-C键等化学键,实现了非活性烯烃的双官能化.     

磺酰叠氮和炔参与的多组分反应研究进展

磺酰叠氮和炔参与的铜催化多组分反应成为近年来有机化学研究的热点.磺酰叠氮和炔在铜催化下生成的N-磺酰基烯酮亚胺中间体,可以被胺、醇和水等各类亲核试剂捕捉,也可以和各种类型的烯烃发生[2+2]、[3+2]和[4+2]等环加成反应.N-磺酰基烯酮亚胺中间体受到来自双官能团底物的分子内基团进攻以及随后发生的(环)重排和σ键迁移,更是成为构建结构丰富的具有生理和药物活性(杂)环类化合物的重要手段.主要对该领域近年来的最新研究成果进行了综述.     

基于氟烷基自由基过程构建手性中心的研究进展

含氟的有机化合物被广泛地应用于制药、农业化学品、材料科学等多个领域.三氟甲基、二氟甲基、全氟烷基等是应用非常广泛的含氟官能团,因此发展普适高效的引入氟烷基的新方法具有重大意义.氟烷基自由基反应近年来已经发展成为引入氟烷基的有效方法.另一方面,氟烷基取代的手性有机分子的合成也受到了人们的重点关注.然而由于氟烷基自由基的高反应活性,其反应的选择性较难控制,特别是关于对映选择性控制的报道不多,更缺乏相关综述予以总结.综述了近二十年来基于氟烷基自由基过程的不对称合成方法的研究进展,对各反应的选择性、普适性、反应机理等方面进行着重介绍.本综述根据反应机理分为三部分:(1)经由氟烷基自由基的烯醇/烯胺中间体不对称氟烷基化;(2)经由氟烷基自由基的烯烃不对称双官能团化;(3)经由氟烷基自由基的烯基硼酸酯酸根型复合物立体选择性1,2-迁移.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.