四甲基双硅桥联环戊二烯基稀土金属有机配合物的合成及[Me4Si2(C5H4)2Sm(μ-Cl)(THF)]2的晶体结构研究

四甲基双硅桥联环戊二烯基钠与无水三氯化稀土在THF溶剂中反应合成了标题配合物Me₄Si₂(C₅H₄)₂LnCl[Ln:3Nd,4Sm,5Gd,6Y]和配合物Me₄Si₂(C₅H₄):Ln(C₅H₅)(THF)n[Ln:1La,n=1;2Pr,n=0].通过元素分析、¹HNMR、13CNMR和MS确证了配合物的结构,在THF溶液中重结晶获得配合物4的单晶,x射线衍射证明晶体结构为二聚体,4为单斜晶系,空间群为P2₁/c,晶体学数据a=1.2982(3)nm,b=1.2269(3)nm,c=1.3681(2)nm,β=96.79(2)°,V=2.162(1)nm³,Z=2,D_x=1.53g/cm³,偏差因子R=0.068.     

稀土金属配合物催化的甲胺基硼烷脱氢聚合反应

报道了稀土金属配合物催化的胺基硼烷脱氢聚合反应.双茂稀土烷基配合物[(C₅Me₄R)₂LnR’,R=Me,H;Ln=Sc,Y;R’=CH₂Si Me₃,CH(SiMe₃)₂]可以有效地实现甲基胺基硼烷(Me NH₂·BH₃,MAB)脱氢反应,生成相应的硼氮聚合物[(Me NH-BH₂)_n,PMAB].研究表明随着稀土金属离子半径的增大或者茂基配体空间位阻的减小,聚合活性会随之降低.在机理研究中,通过催化剂与底物的化学计量反应,成功分离得到一例具有β-B-agostic结构的钪胺基硼烷配合物;同时通过控制实验证实了活性的钪氢中间体可能为催化活性物种.     

四甲基二硅氧基桥联双环戊二烯基稀土金属配合物的合成及结构研究

在严格的无水无氧条件下无水NdCl₃和SmCl₂与Na₂(C₅H₄SiMe₂)₂O以1:1摩尔比在四氢呋喃溶液中反应,得标题配合物[O(Me₂SiC₅H₄)₂Ln(μ-Cl)(THF)]₂[Ln=Nd(1),Sm(2)].元素分析证明配合物1和2的组成.X射线衍射分析证明1和2是通过氯原子桥联的二聚体结构.     

苯胺基桥联双芳氧基稀土金属配合物的合成、表征及催化性能

通过配体前体苯胺基桥联双酚（PhN｛CH₂-（2-HO-C₆H₂-B{\mathrm{u}}_{\mathrm{2}}^t-3,5）｝₂,L¹H₂）与三硅胺基稀土金属配合物的质子交换反应,合成了苯胺基桥联双芳氧基稀土金属配合物,发现反应介质对反应的产物有明显的影响。L¹H₂与Ln［N（TMS）₂］₃（μ-Cl）Li（THF）₃以物质的量比1∶1在甲苯中90 ℃下反应,可以得到预期的苯胺基桥联双芳氧基稀土金属胺化物L¹LnN（TMS）₂（THF） （Ln=Yb（1）,Sm（2））。而L¹H₂与Sm［N（TMS）₂］₃（μ-Cl）Li（THF）₃以1∶1的物质的量比在四氢呋喃（THF）中50 ℃下反应,则得到钐-锂杂双金属配合物（THF）LiL¹₂Sm （3）。这些配合物均经过了红外光谱、元素分析和单晶结构测定的表征。发现配合物1和2可以有效地催化L-丙交酯和D,L-丙交酯的开环聚合,得到高相对分子质量的聚丙交酯。其中,配合物1对D,L-丙交酯的开环聚合显示很好的选择性,可以得到杂同含量（Pr）达到0.87的聚丙交酯。     

非对称Schiff碱过渡金属配合物模拟酶催化烯烃环氧化(Ⅰ)

研究了温和条件下以亚碘酰苯为氧源,非对称性的和对称性的Mn(Ⅲ)Schiff碱配合物[Mn(Ⅲ)(CBP－phen－Xsal)Cl,X=H,Cl,Br,NO₂,CH₃,OCH₃]和[Mn(Ⅲ)(CBP－R－CBP)Y,R=CH₂CH₂－,－CH(CH₃)CH₂－,－C₆H₄－;Y=Cl,OCH₃]催化非官能性烯烃苯乙烯、环己烯和α-甲基苯乙烯的环氧化反应.结果表明,非对称配合物Mn(Ⅲ)(CBP－phen－Xsal)Cl是一个良好的催化非官能性烯烃环氧化反应的催化剂体系;中心金属离子Mn(Ⅲ)的电子结合能越小,催化环氧化效果越好;对上述3种烯烃环氧化物最好收率分别达到73％、100％和92％.     

硼桥联三氮杂环卡宾配位的铁分子氮配合物:合成、表征和反应性质研究

研究了氮上取代基为1-金刚烷基的苯基硼桥联三氮杂环卡宾配体在铁促进的氮气活化转化反应中的应用.通过苯基硼桥联三氮杂环卡宾亚铁氯化物[PhB（AdIm）₃FeCl]（1）在氮气氛下与KC₈反应合成了一价铁分子氮配合物[PhB（AdIm）₃Fe（N₂）]（2）.进一步通过2与KC₈和18-C-6的反应合成了零价铁分子氮配合物[K（18-C-6）（THF）]-[PhB（AdIm）₃Fe（N₂）]（4）.这些配合物均通过核磁共振、紫外吸收光谱、红外光谱、元素分析等表征,其中配合物2和4的结构经单晶X射线衍射表征确定.配合物2和4的N-N伸缩振动频率分别为1928和1807 cm^－1,均为同价态铁末端分子氮配合物最低值.在过量KC₈和Me₃SiCl存在下,配合物1,2和4均可催化N₂的还原硅基化反应,生成N（SiMe₃）₃.催化体系的TON可达87.     

硅卡宾铁(0)氮气配合物催化的炔烃选择性硼氢化反应

硅卡宾（R₂Si：,silylene）是卡宾的相似体,可以作为配体与金属形成配合物.由于硅的原子半径比碳大,硅卡宾可与Lewis碱配位形成三配位甚至四配位的化合物同时保持很强的配位能力.因此,硅卡宾兼具卡宾和膦配体的结构特征,在稳定新颖的金属配合物及均相催化领域或具有更大的调控空间.本工作报道硅卡宾铁氮气配合物[PhC （t-BuN）₂SiCH₂C （t-Bu） NAr]FeN₂（D,Ar＝2,6-（i-Pr）₂C₆H₃）催化的炔烃的选择性硼氢化反应.研究发现,该配合物对炔烃的硼氢化反应具有很好的区域及立体选择性,主要生成E式构型产物并表现出很好的官能团耐受性.该研究表明,硅卡宾对过渡金属催化具有很好的调控作用,具有很好的研究潜力.     

2,2 -联吡啶钌配合物催化CO2制备环状碳酸酯机理研究

研究了2,2 -联吡啶钌配合物RuCl₃(2,2 -bipy)(CH₃OH)与十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)组成的催化体系催化二氧化碳与不同的环氧化合物进行环加成反应制备环状碳酸酯. 在此基础上, 利用电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)对RuCl₃(2,2 -bipy)(CH₃OH)/CTAC催化CO₂与环氧丙烷(PO)反应制备碳酸丙烯酯(PC)进行了研究, 检测到了反应中间态配合物RuCl₃(2,2 -bipy)(PO)与RuCl₃(2,2 -bipy)(PC), 为该反应机理研究提供了实验证据. 研究结果表明, RuCl₃(2,2 -bipy)(CH₃OH)/CTAC催化体系催化CO₂与环氧化合物的反应首先是通过环氧化合物与RuCl₃(2,2 -bipy)(CH₃OH)中的甲醇分子发生配体交换引发的, 经CTAC中的氯离子进攻环氧化合物开环、二氧化碳插入Ru—O键、分子内关环及消去生成环状碳酸酯.     

利用碳氢键活化合成钴的钳式配合物及其性质研究

利用CoMe(PMe₃)₄或者CoMe₃(PMe₃)₃与[PCP]-钳式配体,[Ph₂P(ortho-C₆H₄)]₂CH₂(1),室温下反应,在实现碳氢键活化的同时,合成了钴的钳式配合物[PCP]Co(I)(PMe₃)(2).配合物2与卤代烃C₆Cl₆, EtBr, n-BuBr以及CH₃I反应,分别生成了单电子氧化加成产物3~5,[PCP]Co(II)X(PMe₃)[X=Cl(3), Br(4), I(5)]. X射线衍射分析测定了配合物2~6的结构.     

(CO)5MnSiR3与R 3SiH的光化学硅烷基交换反应研究

五羰基锰硅烷基配合物(CO)₅MnSiR₃ (3) [SiR₃＝SiMe₂Ph (3b), SiMePh₂ (3c), SiPh₃ (3d), SiHPh₂ (3e), SiEt₃ (3f)和SiMe₂Et (3h)]与不同氢硅烷R ₃SiH在5 ℃光解1 h, 这两个物种间的硅烷基交换达到平衡. 适中的产物与反应物自由能变化间隔使得这些反应实质上可逆. 光催化经由不饱和物种(CO)₄MnSiR₃ (1)和过渡中间体(CO)₄MnH(SiR₃)(SiR ₃) (4)进行. 物种3作为通过光活化前催化剂的可行性得到确认. 受电子效应和位阻效应的影响, 含有体积较大且推电子基团(如乙基)的硅烷基更容易被含有体积较小且吸纳电子基团(如负氢)的硅烷基从五羰基锰硅烷基配合物中置换出来.     

Hydrolysis of cyano(pyrrolyl-1)borates

The kinetics and mechanism of the hydrolysis of several cyano(pyrrolyl-1)borates in aqueous medium has been investigated. The hydrolysis of cyanophenyl(pyrrolyl-1)-borates, cyano(tripyrrolyl-1)borate and cyanohydro(pyrrolyl-1)borates proceeds via two kinds of reactions; (a) a special H⁺ ion catalyzed reaction (A-1 mechanism) and (b) a H⁺ ion concentration-independent process of S_N1 mechanism. In acidic medium the [BH₂(NC₄H₄)CN]⁻ anion is reversibly protonated at the -carbon of the pyrrolyl group and a product with composition C₄H₅N · BH₂CN, stable towards hydrolysis is also formed.

In the H⁺ ion catalyzed reaction the B---N bond very likely breaks, whereas upon the [H⁺] ion concentration-independent reaction a B---CN cleavage occurs. The presence of the cyano substituent significantly increases the hydrolytic stability of the B---N bond, whereas the pyrrolyl-1-substitution remarkably decreases the stability of the B---CN bonding.     

Ab initio molecular orbital calculations on some selected boron(I) hydrides

Ab initio LCAO-MO-SCF Hartree-Fock-Roothaan calculations have been carried out for a series of closed-shell boron hydrides (B³⁺, B⁺ BH, BH₂⁻,BH₂⁺, BH₃ and BH₄⁻). Koopmans' theorem vertical ionization potentials for the core and highest occupied molecular orbitals are presented. Proton and hydride affinities of some of these molecules have been calculated along with the energies of reaction between various pairs of these boron hydrides.     

DFT study on the reaction mechanisms of polyfluorosulfonate ester with F

Gas-phase reaction of C(1)F₃S(2)O₂O(3)C(4)H₂C(5)F₃ and F⁻(16) is investigated using DFT method. The geometries of various stationary points and their relative energies are obtained from 6-31+G*, 6-311G**, and 6-311++G** levels. In the S_N2(C) reaction leading to the cleavage of the C(4)–O(3) bond, the reaction complex results from attacking of F⁻ at a hydrogen atom H11 attached to carbon atom C(4). Afterward, F⁻ is attacking the atom C(4) from the backside of the atom O(3) with the help of the neighboring effect, and meanwhile a multi-membered ring, F(16)–H(11)–C(4)–C(5)–F(16), is being formed. The S_N2(C) reaction is irreversible. On the contrary, the S_N2(S) reaction leading to the cleavage of the S(2)–O(3) bond is reversible, and it is initiated by attacking of F⁻ at the atom S(2) from the backside of the atom O(3). The products of the reaction CF₃SO₃CH₂CF₃ +F⁻ should be, thermodynamically, controlled due to the reversibility of the S_N2(S) reaction, and those result, chemospecifically, from the cleavage of the C–O bond. At last, the SCRF calculations confirm that the solvent effect is preferable to the S_N2(C) reaction.     

Ab initio molecular orbital study on three feasible mechanisms for substitution of the vinylic carbon in F2C=C(OMs)BMe3−

A substitution on 2,2-difluorovinylic carbon was investigated by using ab initio molecular orbital calculations. Three feasible mechanisms, which are the S_N1-like, the S_N2-type and the addition-elimination mechanisms, were ex- amined for a model borate, 2,2-difluoro-1-mesyloxyvinyl(trimethyl)borate. Four TSs were obtained depending on the position of Li⁺ around the vinylborate although activation energies in the gas phase are rather high (ca. 30–40 kcal mol⁻¹) in comparison with that expected from the experimental conditions. It was confirmed at the SCRF-IPCM calculations that the solvent effect reduces the acti- vation energy of one S_N2-type mechanism very much (4. l kcal mol⁻¹ at the B3LYP/6-31+G^*//RHF/6-31+G^/s* level of theory) while those for the other mechanisms do not change very much. Therefore, the S_N2-type mechanism is applicable to the substitution reaction observed for the vinylborate.     

苯环乙酰基化反应变化途径的CNDO/2的计算

通过CNDO/2计算,分别得到了在苯环乙酰基化反应中,AlCJ₃催化和无催化两种形成(这里有图片19860114-59-1.gif)的反应历程及其能量变化曲线和活化能,给出了该反应的中间体σ络合物的较优几何构型,确认了该体系的溶剂化系数。本文还探讨了π络合物的存在问题。     

Predictive schemes for the reactivity of borane carbonyl and the stability of carbonyltrihydroborate anions, BH3C(O)X

The reactivity of borane carbonyl (BH₃CO) and its isoelectronic counterpart the acetylium cation (CH₃CO⁺) are compared resulting in the formulation of (carbonyl)trihydroborate anions, BH₃C(O)X⁻, which are isoelectronic and isostructural with organic carbonyls. By analogy with the ease of reduction of organic carbonyl compounds by hydroborate, the relative stability towards self-reduction-oxidation (hydride transfer from boron to carbonyl carbon) in BH₃C(O)X⁻ is proposed. The postulated order, with increasing stability is BH₃C(O)Cl⁻ < BH₃C(O)H⁻ < BH₃C(O)R⁻ < BH₃C(O)OR⁻ < BH₃C(O)NR⁻₂ < BH₃C(O)O²⁻. Experimental results of this study together with known chemistry are shown to be consistent with the proposed order. Further, it is suggested that a similar predictive scheme may be applicable to the chemistry of the amine-carboxyboranes (boron analogues of -amino acids) and their derivatives.     

Hydrogen/deuterium exchange in gas phase reactions of anions with some alkyl phenyl ethers

The gas phase reactions of anions with methyl and ethyl phenyl ether have been studied by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. ¹⁸O-Labelling has shown that part of the reactions of OH^- with methyl phenyl ether proceed via ipso-substitution, the main reaction channel being S_N2 substitution. Deuterium labelling has shown that extensive inter- and intramolecular hydrogen/deuterium exchange can precede the final substitution reaction. Hydrogen atoms originating from the methoxy substituent are involved in this exchange process. The reactions of anions with ethyl phenyl ether proceed mainly via an elimination mechanism. Deuterium labelling has shown that in some cases hydrogen/deuterium exchange takes place prior to elimination.     

4-硝基咪唑A-带激发态结构动力学

通过共振拉曼光谱实验和量子化学计算的方法研究了4-硝基咪唑(4NI)A-带激发态衰变动力学.对4NI的振动光谱、紫外电子吸收光谱、荧光光谱和共振拉曼光谱进行了指认.在全活化空间自洽场法(CASSCF)/6-31G(d)计算水平下获得了单重激发态S1(nOπ*)和S2(ππ*)和势能面交叉点S1(nOπ*)/S2(ππ*)的优化几何结构和能量,分析了A-带共振拉曼光谱的强度模式特征,获得了短时结构动力学,并结合全活化空间自洽场法(CASSCF)理论计算结果确定了4NI在S2(ππ*)态衰变通道主要是S2,FC→S2,min(ππ*)→S0辐射弛豫.     

亚硝酸甲酯光解反应的从头算和Cl研究

用从头算和MP2方法求得亚硝酸甲酯的基态、第一和第二激发态解离为CH₃O和NO自由基的解离能分別为238.14、68.99和-183.97kJ/mol,而CH₃O和NO易于生成甲醛和硝酰。由CI方法求出的亚硝酸甲酯直接生成甲醛和硝酰的基态和激发态反应曲线表明,该反应难以按这种机理进行。因此,以上计算支持了实验提出的亚硝酸甲酯光反应生成甲醛和硝酰的两种机理中的光解离机制。     

Reaction of octafluorotoluene, 3,5-dichlorotrifluoropyridine, 3-chlorotetrafluoro-yridine and tetrafluoropyrimidine with alkali-metal oximates

Treatment of octafluorotoluene (2) with approximately one-molar equivalents of the oximates R¹R²C = NO~ M⁺ (R¹ = R²=Me;R¹ = R² = Ph; R¹ = Me, R² = Ph;M = Na) (6a-c) in diethyl ether gives 4-(R¹R²C = NO)C₆F₄CF₃ (7a-c) as the only isolated products. Corresponding reaction of 3,5-dichlorotrifluoropyridine (3) with the oximates 6a-c affords 4-and 2-(R¹R²C = NO)C5F₂C12N (8a-c) and (9a-c), respectively (4-/2ratios at −35 °C: 65:35; 30:70; 12:88) ; the lithium oximates (R¹ = R² =Ph ; R¹ = Me, R² = Ph; M = Li) (6d) and (6e) give comparable results. With 3-chlorotetrafluoropyridine (4), treatment with sodium oximate 6c gives 4-(PhCMe = NO)-3-ClC₅F₃N (10) and 2-(PhCMe = NO)-5ClC₅F₃N (11) (ratio 44:56 at −35 °C). Such competition between S_NAr attack of these alkali-metal oximates at the C-4 and C-2 positions of chlorofluoropyridines 3 and 4 can be rationalized by invoking chelation of an alkali-metal cation with ring nitrogen in the transition state leading to formation of an orthio-quinonoidal σ-complex. Exclusive initial attack at the C-4 ring site appears to occur in the reaction of tetrafluoropyrimidine (5) with oximates 6a and 6c to afford 4-(MeC = NO)C₄F₃N₂ (12a) and 4-(PhCMe=NO)C₄F₃NN₂ (12b), respectively; Some further attack on product 12b by oximate 6c at the C-6 site takes place to give the disubstituted derivative 4,6-(PhCMe=NO)₂C₄F₂N₂ (13).