煤中腐植酸的研究

进行了我国若干泥煤、褐煤和氧化及风化烟煤试样的煤质鉴定、腐植酸含量和腐植酸组成结构特征的研究。表明泥煤多属低地泥煤,有较高的腐植酸含量(约40—50%)。褐煤腐植酸含量变动较大,在3.3—67.8%;随着煤化程度增加,腐植酸量有明显减少的趋势。氧化和风化烟煤的腐植酸含量决定于氧化风化程度和烟煤原来的变质程度、还原程度和岩相组成.适度氧化和风化的烟煤腐植酸收率最高。低变质烟煤镜煤氧化或风化时腐植酸的收率较高;高变质煤、高还原煤和外皮质、丝炭氧化都不容易生成腐植酸。腐植酸还可以分为黑腐酸、棕腐酸及黄腐酸三个组分。这些组分结构上的差异主要表现在可溶性腐植酸有较高的氢含量、显著低的光密度、高的纸上电泳迁移率和烷烃基结构比例大。纸上色谱和溶剂萃取的研究指出这些组分还可以再细分,而腐植酸是这些组分的复杂混合物。     

腐植酸类物质的性质和应用

在伟大领袖毛主席关于“农业学大寨”的伟大号召下,全国各地为夺取农业丰收掀起了广开肥源的群众运动,制出了许多新化肥、土化肥。腐植酸类肥料就是其中一种。腐植酸类物质存在于土壤、泥炭、褐煤中,风化烟煤中有再生腐植酸,也可以用人工氧化煤的方法(如用空气、氧气、硝酸等作为氧化剂)制得再生腐植酸。用硝酸氧化制得的称硝基腐植酸。一般人们把从土壤、泥炭、褐煤中用碱(通常用氢氧化钠)抽提出的一部分,称为腐植酸。     

腐植酸类肥料的刺激作用

一、正在发展中的腐植酸类生长刺激剂肥料最近几年来,我国广大群众对腐植酸类刺激剂肥料进行了极其广泛的试验研究和大面积推广应用,取得了显著成果。作为刺激剂用的腐植酸肥料,要求溶解度大,因此只有腐植酸的碱金属盐,如腐钠,腐钾,腐铵等才能满足要求。常用的刺激剂肥料主要为腐钠。由于原料和生产方法不同,腐钠也有很多品种。腐钠生产的基本原理是用烧碱(或纯碱)将原料煤(泥炭、褐煤或风化煤)中的腐植酸转化成可溶性的钠盐,与不溶的残渣分离。一般农村生产腐钠的方法是将原料煤粉加碱液堆沤,或加稀碱液热煮,或冷浸抽提,都制得了质量较好的腐钠。在工厂生产腐钠是将碱抽提液经澄清,浓缩,     

泥炭超临界气体抽提研究

在半连续抽提装置上,用甲苯作溶剂在超临界条件下,对黑龙江省宝清泥炭及四川省诺尔盖泥炭进行了试验。抽出油具有较高的H/C原子比(1.2—1.8),接近石油原油水平(1.45—1.95),比褐煤抽出油(H/C原子比为1.1—1.3)高。抽出油收率最高达31.6%(重量,m.a.f.基),略低于褐煤抽提结果(37.8%)。抽提压力20MPa下,两种泥炭气体生成率均低于10MPa下的气体生成率,但组份含量明显不同。文中利用氢转移理论对试验结果进行了讨论。     

低阶矿物制备腐植酸盐的开发及应用研究

腐植酸盐(HA)主要存在于低阶矿物(硅酸盐类、泥炭、褐煤和风化煤等矿物)中,本文作者介绍了从低阶矿物中提取HA盐的新工艺及在各行业的应用,并对我国未来低阶矿物和腐植酸盐领域的发展前景进行了展望.     

八种腐植酸的~1H和~(13)C核磁共振波谱

Schnitzer等把~1H-NMR和~(13)C-NMR技术用于腐植酸结构研究后,国内外学者又陆续发表了这方面的报告。本文对国内八种(1)东北黑土HA2)延庆泥炭HA3)德都泥炭HA4)吐鲁番风化煤HA5)萍乡风化煤HA6)灵石风化煤HA7)灵石风化     

风化煤黄腐酸热裂解组份的质谱鉴定

降解法为研究腐植酸结构中受人注意的途径之一。Schnitzer 等利用差热分析、元素分析及红外光谱研究了土壤腐植酸在不同温度下热裂解后的残留物。发现在200—400℃之间酚羟基和羧基已被完全脱除。Martin 等用热裂解气相色谱-质谱法鉴定了土壤腐植质裂解产生的低沸点化合物。Wersha 等用同样方法研究了腐植酸和黄腐     

腐植酸类肥料的多种功能和肥效分析

腐植酸类肥料是养地增产的好肥料腐植酸类肥料,是在“农业学大寨”的群众运动中,广大劳动人民大搞综合利用,就地取材,就地制造,就地施用,发展起来的新的肥料品种。它含有大量有机质,具有农家肥料的多种功能;含有一些速效养分,兼有化肥的某些特性。一般称它为有机无机肥料(或有机矿物肥料),简称“有机化肥”或“腐肥”。十几年来,特别是文化大革命以后,经全国各地试验、推广,增产效果肯定,深受贫下中农欢迎。实践证明:腐肥可以改良土壤,提高土壤肥力,做到用地、养地相结合;可以捉苗、发根、早成熟、壮籽粒,不仅当年增产,而且有后效。由于就地取材,便于自己动手制造和施用腐肥,节约了开支,降低了成本,做到了增产增收。从各地施用情况看,增产幅度一般在10—30%左右,每斤腐植酸铵增产粮食约半斤到一斤。盐、碱、涝、洼以及土质贫瘠的地区,增产幅度更大些。只是个别地块,因肥料质量差,施肥方法不当,或其他原因,造成增产幅度不大。但总的来说,它是养地增产的好肥料。腐肥的特点是含有较高量的“腐植酸”。腐植酸是     

腐植酸热裂解色谱-质谱研究

用裂解色谱质谱(PGC-MS)法鉴别了八种不同来源腐植酸(HA)的裂解产物,并根据谱图特征作了分类对比,从两种泥炭腐植酸中分别鉴定出30多种化合物(其中包括质量色谱得到的低沸点化合物、乙烯、丙烯等),其主要组分为一系列芳香化合物及与多糖有关的乙醛、丙酮、和呋喃衍生物以及少量的含氮化合物等。吐鲁番风化煤HA、萍乡风化煤HA和灵石风化煤硝基腐植酸(NHA)裂解产生(除低沸点和高沸点区的裂解产物外)难以分辩的裂解色谱峰,表明它们具有更稳定的结构。而土壤HA、灵石风化煤HA和吉林风化煤NHA介于上述两首之间。     

腐植酸碱金属盐表面活性的初步研究

本文考察了我国泥炭、风化煤腐植酸、褐煤硝基腐植酸及氯化腐植酸的碱金属盐在不同浓度下的表面张力。测得最低表面张力为46.3dyn/cm。腐植酸的临界胶束浓度约为0.5—0.6%。表面张力随pH降低而增加。根据表面张力用Gibbs方程计算了腐植酸分子的最大吸附量γ_∞和横截面积A_∞。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.