马来酸氟伏沙明-D3的合成

以4-苄氧基-1-丁醇（2）为起始原料,氘代碘甲烷为氘代试剂,经氘代甲基化、氢化脱苄、溴化、格氏反应、戴斯-马丁氧化、缩合、取代、成盐等反应,以51.7%总收率合成了稳定同位素标记的马来酸氟伏沙明-D₃（1）。该合成方法原料易得、操作简单、重现性好。目标化合物的结构经核磁共振和高分辨质谱确认,可用于药代动力学研究     

氘代苯胺类化合物的合成

报道了一种合成氘代苯胺类化合物的新方法。在SOCl₂介导下,以碘代苯胺类化合物和重水为原料,经碘-氘交换反应合成了一系列氘代苯胺类化合物,收率62%～95%,氘同位素丰度>97 atom%,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR和HR-MS(EI)表征。并初步探讨了反应机理。     

氘代甲基萤火虫荧光素的全合成

以2-氰基-6-甲氧基苯并噻唑为原料,经脱甲基、氘甲基化,与D-半胱氨酸盐酸盐水合物反应合成了新化合物——氘代甲基萤火虫荧光素,总收率46%,对映选择性100%,其结构经1H NMR,FT-IR和MS表征。     

光、电催化合成氘代化学品和药物分子研究综述

稳定氘同位素因其安全、易控制、廉价易得等优势而被广泛应用于探究有机反应机理和揭示药物及其代谢物的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄过程.此外,氘标记药物也被称为重氢药、重药,即把药物分子上处于代谢位点的一个或多个碳氢键(C-H)用碳氘键(C-D)替代获得的新药,以延长药物代谢周期、减少进入血液前的代谢、减少有毒代谢物产生,从而降低给药剂量、提高安全性以及获得更佳的疗效.2017年4月,第一例氘代新药,氘代四苯喹嗪(海外商品名Austedo,国内商品名:安泰坦)被美国食品药品监督管理局批准,氘代新药市场被彻底激活.临床数据显示,丁苯那嗪原药具有严重的毒副作用,19%的病人使用后表现出抑郁病症,严重者甚至有自杀倾向;氘代丁苯那嗪相对于原药,代谢动力学特征明显改善,毒副作用显著降低.目前,国内外已有多家知名药企(如BMS,Concert,Teva,苏州泽璟生物制药以及成都海创等)布局氘代新药研发.2021年6月,中国国家药品监督管理局正式批准苯磺酸多纳非尼片(商品名:泽普生),用于治疗既往未接受过全身系统性治疗的不可切除肝细胞癌患者.氘代药物的蓬勃发展使得对其精准合成提出了更高的要求和更强烈的需求.氢氘交换等传统方法由于反应条件苛刻、氘源昂贵、氘代个数和位点难以精准控制等限制,难以满足新时代氘代药物的发展需要.近年,化学家开始致力于开发温和、精准氘代新方法,其中,光或电驱动的温和、精准氘标记方法引起了广泛关注.本综述着重总结近五年光/电驱动的温和、精准的氘代方法的研究进展.基于氘原子引入的反应模式分为以下三种类型.(1)氘原子转移策略:以光/电催化单电子转移或者氢原子转移方式生成自由基中间体R^?;随后,R^?与氘原子转移试剂(由硫醇和重水原位制得)反应,得到相应的氘代产物R-D.利用该策略,目前已发展了羧酸、卤代烃、硫醚(醇)等的去官能化氘代反应以及硅烷、叔胺、醛基等的氢氘交换反应.(2)氘原子攫取策略:以光/电催化单电子转移、氢原子转移或者能量转移方式生成自由基R^?中间体,一方面,以产物碳氘键键能大于溶剂碳氘键键能为驱动力,使R^?直接从氘代溶剂中攫取氘原子制得相应的氘代产物R-D;另一方面,利用光/电催化强驱动力,使R^?再次获得一个电子形成相应负离子,从而顺利从重水中攫氘,制得相应的氘代产物R-D.利用该策略,目前已开发了羧酸、重氮、卤代物等的去官能化氘代反应,以及亚胺的加氘还原反应.(3)重水分解策略:基于光/电催化水分解制氢原理,以光或电为驱动力分解重水,使其产生高活性氘物种,原位耦合还原氘代反应.利用该策略,目前已开发了以重水为氘源的卤代物,不饱和官能团(包括烯烃、炔烃、亚胺和芳基酮等)等的氘代还原反应以及伯、仲胺的氘甲基化反应.本综述归纳了近年来光或电催化驱动的温和、精准氘代方法研究进展.在此基础上结合课题组在该领域的研究经历,分析了药物和精细化学品精准氘代面临的关键挑战和重要机遇,包括:发展温和、精准的不对称催化氘代方法用于制备手性氘代药物;针对复杂药物多个代谢位点,实现精准、可控氘代,从而更有效调节药物代谢动力学和代谢产物.此外,光合成、电合成迅猛发展也将为氘代精细化学品和药物光、电催化合成带来新的机遇.     

三乙胺催化的双环氮杂锡氧烷配合物氘代反应研究

全面研究了三乙胺催化下双环氮杂锡氧烷配合物α 氢的氘代反应 .首先考察了三乙胺催化下双环氮杂锡氧烷配合物α 氢的氘代反应的核磁共振谱 ,研究发现 :在三乙胺存在下 ,有机锡配合物α 氢可以与CD3 OD溶剂发生氘代反应 ,其核磁共振峰强度随着时间而衰减 ,且氘代反应速率与三乙胺的浓度有关 .其次 ,利用核磁共振技术测定氘代反应速率 ,其反应表观速率常数为 2 .0× 1 0 -4 ～ 1 0 .0× 1 0 -4 s-1,推导了其动力学机理并讨论了取代基对氘代反应速率的影响 .     

氘代Rigosertib类似物的合成

以2,4,6-三羟基苯甲醛为原料制得中间体2,4,6-三甲氧基苯甲醛(2a)和2,4,6-三三氘甲氧基苯甲醛(2b);以4-烷氧基-3-硝基苄硫基乙酸为原料,经氧化、缩合-脱羧、还原、取代和水解5步反应合成了氘代Rigosertib类似物,收率80%~86%,其结构经1H NMR和MS表征。     

5-氘代利巴韦林衍生物的合成

报道了5位被氘原子取代的抗病毒药物利巴韦林的合成新方法。在曙红Y(Eosin Y)催化和蓝光照射下,5-巯基-3-甲基-1,2,4-三氮唑的硫原子转化为氘原子,接着甲基被KMnO_4氧化为羧基,然后在H_2SO_4/CH_3OH体系中羧基发生甲酯化反应,得到5-氘代-1,2,4-三氮唑甲酯。最后5-氘代-1,2,4-三氮唑甲酯和1,2,3,5-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-呋喃核糖缩合、氨解,以5步和51.7%的总收率得到5-氘代利巴韦林。该方法避免使用重金属催化剂,原料廉价易得,且反应规模可以扩大到20 g,为利巴韦林衍生物的研究提供了新的途径。     

氘代苯乙酮-d8的合成与还原反应

氘代苯乙酮ｄ８及其还原产物氘代α苯乙醇ｄ１０是合成众多氘标记化合物及全氘代化合物的重要中间体．以氘代苯ｄ６和氘代醋酸ｄ４为原料制得氘代苯乙酮ｄ８,经ＬｉＡｌＤ４还原可得氘代α苯乙醇ｄ１０［１］．其缺点是ＬｉＡｌＤ４价格昂贵且不易获得,...     

NMR对MDI在稀溶液中水解反应机理的表征

采用核磁共振波谱(NMR)研究了二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)在稀溶液中的水解反应机理.将同一MDI样品分别溶解在氘代氯仿、氘代丙酮和加入少量水分的氘代二甲基亚砜溶剂(DMSO)中,进行核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、核磁共振碳谱(13C NMR)测试.结果显示,MDI在含水的DMSO溶剂中测得的谱图与氘代氯仿、氘代丙酮中的差别显著.对该溶液进行了13C-1H异核近程相关(HMQC)、13C-1H异核远程相关(HMBC)及碳原子级数(DEPT 135)测试,并利用经验公式对其进行了详细归属,确认了反应产物的结构.分析得知MDI在含水溶剂中迅速反应,异氰酸酯基转化为脲基和氨基基团.异氰酸酯与水反应生成氨基基团,其与异氰酸酯反应活性比水高,对位取代氨基与水的竞聚率比值为7.1,邻位为1.4,对位取代氨基活性约是邻位的5倍.     

地西泮-D_5中间体的简便合成

报道了一种合成氘代地西泮中间体的新方法。以2-氨基-5-氯苯甲酸为原料,经环化、格氏反应、水解、酰化、环合等反应合成了氘代地西泮中间体7-氯-1,3-二氢-5-(苯基-d_5)-2H-1,4-苯并二氮杂-2-酮(1),其结构经~1H NMR和HR-MS(ESI)确证。1只需经一步甲基化反应即可合成地西泮-D_5。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.