新型苯丙氨酸三肽衍生物的合成及其抗乙肝病毒活性

以具有抗HBV活性的苯丙氨酸二肽化合物马蹄金素(MTS)为先导化合物,设计并合成了23个新型的苯丙氨酸三肽衍生物（4a~4h, 5, 6a, 6b和8a~8k）,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和MS(ESI)表征。采用HepG2 2.2.15细胞为乙肝病毒载体,评价了目标化合物的抗HBV活性。结果表明：化合物5（IC₅₀=2.98 μM）、 6b（IC₅₀=0.62 μM）和8k（IC₅₀=5.07 μM）对HBV DNA复制的抑制活性优于MTS（IC₅₀=11.16 μM）。     

新型含吡啶酮（吡唑）结构的A2a/A2b双靶点腺苷受体拮抗剂的合成及生物活性研究

设计并合成了具有吡啶酮或吡唑结构的6个新型双靶点（A_2a和A_2b）腺苷受体拮抗剂。其结构经¹H NMR、¹³C NMR和HR-MS（ESI）表征。采用cAMP法评价了目标化合物（11a~11f）对A_2a和A_2b受体的抑制活性。活性测试结果表明：该系列化合物对A_2a和A_2b受体均有较好的抑制活性。其中化合物11e抑制活性最强,抑制A_2a和A_2b受体的IC₅₀值分别为8.188 nM和15.22 nM,11e对A_2bR受体的抑制活性优于阳性对照药AB928（IC₅₀=36.48 nM）。此外,利用分子对接研究了化合物11e与A_2a和A_2b靶点的结合情况,结果表明：化合物11e与A_2a和A_2b靶点具有较好的亲和作用。     

5-苄基-4-叔丁基-2-芳氨基噻唑氢溴酸盐的合成、表征及抗肿瘤活性

以芳香胺和4,4-二甲基-1-芳基-2-溴戊-3-酮为原料, 设计合成了29种新的5-苄基-4-叔丁基-2-芳氨基噻唑氢溴酸盐化合物; 其结构经¹H NMR和元素分析等确证. 体外抗肿瘤活性测试结果表明, 化合物A4, A5, A12和A29对人非小细胞肺癌细胞A549的IC₅₀值分别为0.016, 0.019, 0.019和0.026 μmol/mL, 与阳性对照物紫杉醇(IC₅₀值为0.022 μmol/mL)相当; 化合物A5, A7, A13, A14和A19对肝癌细胞Bel7402的IC₅₀值分别为0.021, 0.021, 0.026, 0.014和0.029 μmol/mL, 与阳性对照物紫杉醇的IC₅₀值(0.030 μmol/mL)相近. 利用倒置显微镜和Hoechst33342-PI双染色法观察了细胞经化合物处理后的形态变化.     

含吡唑酮基团的喹唑啉衍生物的合成及其作为EGFR/VEGFR-2双靶标酪氨酸激酶抑制剂

双靶标酪氨酸激酶抑制剂在克服药物抗性和减少药物毒副作用方面具有重要作用,本文设计并合成了含有吡唑酮基团的喹唑啉衍生物作为EGFR/VEGFR-2双靶标酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。目标化合物由喹唑啉中间体和吡唑酮中间体通过亲核取代反应合成。喹唑啉中间体以2,3,4-三羟基苯甲酸为原料,通过酯化、硝化、还原、氯化和环化等反应合成;吡唑酮中间体以4-取代苯基肼盐酸盐为原料,通过甲基化和氧化等反应合成。目标化合物通过¹H NMR、¹³C NMR和HR-MS进行结构鉴定。分别采用ADP-Glo激酶活性检测方法和CCK-8法测定了目标化合物对EGFR和VEGFR-2的抑制活性以及对Hela细胞、A549细胞、HUVEC细胞的抗增殖活性,其对EGFR和VEGFR-2抑制活性IC₅₀值为10～899 nM, 15～712 nM;对部分在分子水平测定表现出较高活性的化合物进行了抗增殖活性测定,所选定的化合物对人肺癌A549细胞的半抑制浓度IC₅₀值为10～267 nM,对人脐静脉内皮细胞HUVEC的半抑制浓度IC_50...     

丁苯酞苯环取代衍生物的合成及其抗凝活性研究

为了寻找潜在的治疗缺血性脑卒中候选化合物,以丁苯酞为起始原料,经硝化、还原、酰化、桑德迈尔反应合成了一系列丁苯酞苯环取代衍生物,其结构经¹H-NMR、¹³C-NMR和HRMS确证。体外抗血小板凝集活性测试结果表明:化合物3、6、8a、8c和9c对二磷酸腺苷(ADP)诱导的血小板凝集的抑制活性(IC₅₀=0.28～0.92 mmol·L^-1)优于先导化合物丁苯酞(IC₅₀=1.35 mmol·L^-1)和阳性对照阿司匹林(IC₅₀=1.15 mmol·L^-1);化合物3、6、8c和9c对花生四烯酸(AA)诱导的血小板凝集具有优良的抑制活性(IC₅₀=0.03～0.15mmol·L^-1),其中化合物6(IC₅₀=0.03 mmol·L^-1)优于阿司匹林(IC₅₀=0.04 mmol·L^-1...     

基于药效团模型的DHODH抑制剂构效关系研究

利用药效团模型研究二氢乳清酸脱氢酶(Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase,DHODH)抑制剂的构效关系,为DHODH抑制剂的虚拟筛选提供新的方法.以31个具有DHODH抑制活性的化合物为训练集化合物,半数抑制浓度(IC50)范围为7~63000 nmol/L,利用Catalyst/HypoGen算法构建DHODH抑制剂药效团模型,通过对训练集化合物多个构象进行叠合,提取药效团特征及三维空间限制构建药效团模型.利用基于CatScramble的交叉验证方法及评价模型对已知活性化合物的活性预测能力,确定较优药效团模型.模型包含1个氢键受体、3个疏水中心,表征了受体配体相互作用时可能发生的氢键相互作用、疏水相互作用和π-π相互作用,4个药效特征在三维空间的排列概括了DHODH抑制剂产生活性的结构特点.所得较优模型对训练集化合物及测试集化合物的计算活性值与实验活性值的相关系数分别为0.8405和0.8788.利用药效团模型对来源于微生物的系列化合物进行虚拟筛选,筛选出59个预测活性较好的化合物,可作为进一步药物研发的候选化合物.     

新型异吲哚酮衍生物的合成与活性研究

为了寻找结构新颖,活性较好的抗肿瘤化合物,本文设计并合成了15个未见报道的异吲哚酮衍生物(I₁~I₅, II₁~II₅和III₁~III₅),其结构经¹H NMR和HR-MS(ESI)表征。使用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法,初步的生物活性测试结果表明：部分化合物对人肺癌细胞A549(II₄, IC₅₀=15.49μM)、人结肠癌细胞Colo205(II₄, IC₅₀=15.54μM)、人胰腺癌细胞PNAC-1(II₄, IC₅₀=37.07μM)和人骨髓瘤细胞U266(II₅, IC₅₀=75.27μM)表现出明显的抑制作用。      

哌啶并[2,3-b]哌嗪类衍生物的设计、合成及其抗血小板聚集活性研究

以2,3-二氨基吡啶和2,3-丁二酮为起始原料,经环化、催化氢化和亲核取代反应合成了10个新型哌啶并[2,3-b]哌嗪类衍生物(3a~3j),其结构经¹H NMR、¹³C NMR和HR-MS确证。体外抗血小板聚集活性研究表明,化合物3d、3e、3g、3h和3j具有一定的抗血小板聚集作用,其中化合物3h(IC₅₀=1.24mmol/L)的活性显著优于母体化合物川芎嗪(IC₅₀=3.96mmol/L)和阳性药物阿司匹林(IC₅₀=2.41mmol/L)。     

西柏三烯-4,6-二醇衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性

以烟草中含量丰富的大环二萜类化合物2,7,11-西柏三烯-4,6-二醇(CBT)为母体, 其C6位羟基经酯化/醚化, 合成了28个西柏三烯-4-醇-6-羧酸酯及西柏三烯-4-醇-6-烷氧类化合物. 采用核磁共振波谱(NMR)和高分辨质谱(HRMS)对目标化合物进行了结构表征, 并初步评价了其生物活性. 细胞毒活性测试结果表明, 部分化合物对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用与阳性对照顺铂相当, 其中α-2,7,11-西柏三烯-4-醇-6-O-苯乙酸酯(1i)对乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7的IC₅₀值为15.45 μmol/L, α-2,7,11-西柏三烯-4-醇-6-O-(2-氟)苯乙酸酯(1t)对肺癌细胞株SMMC-7721的IC₅₀值为11.44 μmol/L.     

3-腙喹唑啉酮衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

通过活性拼接原理在喹唑啉酮3-位引入腙结构,使用简单的合成路线合成了一系列3-腙喹唑啉酮衍生物.目标化合物结构经核磁共振波谱(¹H NMR,¹³C NMR)和高分辨质谱(HRMS)进行了表征确证.抗肿瘤活性测试结果表明,该类化合物对A549、PC-3、Hep G2、K562等肿瘤细胞系均表现出有效的抑制活性;其中(E)-N-((2-氯-1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)亚甲基)-2-(7-氟-4-氧喹唑啉-3(4H)-基)乙酰肼(H1)对Hep G2细胞的IC₅₀值为(9.90±1.13)μmol/L,(E)-2-(7-氟-4-氧喹唑啉-3(4H)-基)-N-((2-吗啉代-1-丙基-1H-吲哚-3-基)亚甲基)乙酰肼(H2)对PC-3细胞的IC₅₀值为(10.70±0.78)μmol/L,抑制活性均优于阳性对照药吉非替尼[IC₅₀=(23.33±4.14)μmol/L,IC₅₀=(12.02±5.39)μmol/L].细胞凋亡、4’,6-联脒-2-苯基吲哚(...     

Synthesis of a Novel Series of S-Alkyl Thiobenzoate Compounds as Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors

S-akyl thiobenzoate compounds were designed as farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitors. An effective synthetic method was explored. The structures of the target compounds were elucidated by NMR spectral and elemental analysis.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel isopropanolamine derivatives as non-peptide human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors

Novel potential human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors were designed by a combination of nelfinavir and amprenavir motifs. The designed compounds were prepared by a facile synthetic route and their stereochemistry was further confirmed by a stereospecific synthesis from commercially available (S)-2-oxiranylmethyl m-nitrobenzenesulfonate. All compounds were tested for their ability in inhibiting HIV type 1 protease activity with the published method of reference 19. Derivatives 1a--u exhibited moderate to significant inhibitory activities in preliminary bioassay. The best compound 1a has IC50 value of 0.02 microM, comparable to that of amprenavir. A docking study on compounds 1a--u was performed using the published X-ray crystal structure of HIV type 1 protease, all compounds bound to the HIV type 1 protease in an extended conformation and the scaffoldings of the binding conformations could be aligned quite well. Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) study was performed to explore the specific contributions of electrostatic and steric effects in the binding of these new compounds to HIV type 1 protease and a predictive CoMFA model was built with thirteen compounds as training set. Test analysis of other five compounds as test set demonstrated that the CoMFA model has strong predictive ability to this series of compounds. It will be very useful to further optimize the designed inhibitors.     

Structure-based pharmacophore design and virtual screening for novel angiotensin converting enzyme 2 inhibitors

The metallopeptidase Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) is an important drug target for the treatment of hypertension, heart, kidney, and lung disease. Recently, a close and unique human ACE homologue termed ACE2 has been identified and found to be an interesting new cardiorenal disease target. With the recently resolved inhibitor-bound ACE2 crystal structure available, we have attempted a structure-based approach to identify novel potent and selective inhibitors. Computational approaches focus on pharmacophore-based virtual screening of large compound databases. Selectivity was ensured by initial screening for ACE inhibitors within an internal database and the Derwent World Drug Index, which could be reduced to zero false positives and 0.1% hit rate, respectively. An average hit reduction of 0.44% was achieved with a five feature hypothesis, searching approximately 3.8 million compounds from various commercial databases. Seventeen compounds were selected based on high fit values as well as diverse structure and subjected to experimental validation in a bioassay. We show that all compounds displayed an inhibitory effect on ACE2 activity, the six most promising candidates exhibiting IC50 values in the range of 62-179 microM.     

Synthesis and evaluation of some hydroxyproline-derived peptidomimetics as isoprenyltransferase inhibitors

CA1A2X peptidomimetics containing a modified proline at position A2 were prepared and evaluated for their ability to inhibit farnesyltransferase (FTase) and geranylgeranyltransferase I (GGTase I) in enzymatic and cell-based assays. These compounds inhibited farnesylation of H-ras in vitro in the high nanomolar to low micromolar IC50 range.     

Generation of oxamic acid libraries: antimalarials and inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway of Plasmodium falciparum (pf) and has several unique amino acids, related to other LDHs, at the active site, making it an attractive target for antimalarial agents. Oxamate, a competitive inhibitor, shows high substrate affinity for pfLDH. This class of compounds has been viewed as potential antimalarial agents. Thus, we have developed an effective automated synthetic strategy for the rapid synthesis of oxamic acid and ester libraries to screen for potential lead inhibitors. One hundred sixty-seven oxamic acids were synthesized using a "catch and release" method with overall yields of 20-70%. Most of the compounds synthesized had some inhibitory effects, but compounds 5 and 6 were the most active against both chloroquine- and mefloquine-resistant strains with IC50 values of 15.4 and 9.41 microM and 20.4 and 8.40 microM, respectively. Some oxamic acids showed activities against pfLDH and mammalian LDH (mLDH) at the micromolar range. These oxamic acids selectively inhibited pfLDH 2-5 fold over mLDH. Oxamic acid 21 was the most active against pfLDH at IC50 = 14 and mLDH at IC50 = 25 microM, suggesting that oxamic acid derivatives are potential inhibitors of pfLDH and that further study is required to develop selective inhibitors of pfLDH over mLDH.     

Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory compounds from Corydalis cava (Fumariaceae)

Tubers of Corydalis cava were extracted with ethanol and fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform and ethanol. Repeated column chromatography, preparative TLC and crystallization led to the isolation of fifteen isoquinoline alkaloids. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic techniques and by comparison with literature data. All isolated compounds were tested for human blood acetylcholinesterase (HuAChE) and human plasma butyrylcholinesterase (HuBuChE) inhibitory activity. (+)-Canadaline inhibited acetylcholinesterase as well as butyrylcholinesterase in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 20.1 +/- 1.1 microM and 85.2 +/- 3.2 microM, respectively. (+)-Canadine, with an IC50 value of 12.4 +/- 0.9 microM, was the most potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, whilst (+/-)-corycavidine and (+)-bulbocapnine were effective inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase with IC50 values of 46.2 +/- 2.4 microM and 67.0 +/- 2.1 microM, respectively. The other isolated alkaloids were considered inactive (IC50 > 100 microM).     

Novel 17 substituted pregnadiene derivatives as 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors and their binding affinity for the androgen receptor

The in vitro antiandrogenic activity of four new progesterone derivatives: 4, 5, 6 and 7 (8 is a known compound) was determined. These compounds were evaluated as 5alpha-reductase inhibitors as well as by their capacity to bind to the androgen receptor in gonadectomized hamster prostate. The IC(50) value was determined using increasing concentrations of 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 in the presence of [(3)H]T and the microsomal fraction of the hamster prostate containing the 5alpha-reductase enzyme. In this paper we also demonstrated the effect of increasing concentrations of the novel steroids upon [(3)H]DHT binding to the androgen receptors from hamster prostate which produces competition for the androgen receptor sites. The in vitro studies showed that steroids 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 had an inhibitory activity for the 5alpha-reductase with IC(50) of: 4 (0.17 microM), 5 (0.19 microM), 6 (1 microM), 7 (4.2 microM), and 8 (2.7 microM). On the other hand, the IC(50) value for compounds 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and DHT showed the following order of affinity for the androgen receptor: 6>7>5>DHT. Surprisingly compounds 4 and 8 did not bind to the androgen receptor. The overall data indicate that all synthesized compounds are inhibitors for the enzyme 5alpha-reductase present in the hamster prostate. In contrast, compounds 5, 6 and 7, which have a cyclohexyl group in the side chain showed a high affinity for the androgen receptor.     

In silico discovery of beta-secretase inhibitors

Alzheimer's disease, the most common amyloid-associated disorder, accounts for the majority of the dementia diagnosed after the age of 60. The cleavage of the beta-amyloid precursor protein is initiated by beta-secretase (BACE-1), a membrane-bound aspartic protease, which has emerged as an important but difficult protein target. Here, an in silico screening approach consisting of fragment-based docking, ligand conformational search by a genetic algorithm, and evaluation of free energy of binding was used to identify low-molecular-weight inhibitors of BACE-1. More than 300,000 small molecules were docked and about 15,000 prioritized according to a linear interaction energy model with evaluation of solvation by continuum electrostatics. Eighty-eight compounds were tested in vitro, and 10 of them showed an IC(50) value lower than 100 microM in a BACE-1 enzymatic assay. Interestingly, the 10 active compounds shared a triazine scaffold. Moreover, four of them were active in an assay with mammalian cells (EC(50) < 20 microM), indicating that they are cell-permeable. Therefore, these triazine derivatives are very promising lead candidates for BACE-1 inhibition. The discoveries of this series and two other series of nonpeptidic BACE-1 inhibitors demonstrate the usefulness of our in silico high-throughput screening approach.     

Development and optimization of a non-radioactive JNK3 assay

In light of emerging interest in the relevance of c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase 3 (JNK3) as a promising drug target, we describe here an advanced non-radioactive immunosorbent JNK3 activity assay that is applicable for routine screening of small molecule ATP-competitive enzyme inhibitors. We modified and established a JNK3/ATF-2 protocol based on our previously described p38 MAPK method [1] for a substrate-bound non-radioactive procedure that represents a convenient alternative to conventional radioactive protein kinase assays. The objective of the present study was to validate these conditions by using the reference compounds SP600125 and SB203580 to achieve comparable IC(50) results to published data. Furthermore, an IC(50) for staurosporine was determined. The protocol we describe here represents an accessible and robust screening assay for JNK3 inhibitors.