铬酸引发丙烯酸正丁酯与淀粉接枝共聚反应

作为淀粉改性方法之一 ,不饱和酸及其酯与淀粉接枝共聚反应是一个较新的研究领域 ,其中以 Ce4 +离子作为引发剂的较多[1,2 ] ,也有用Mn3+-H2 SO4 体系 [3]和 Mn[( H2 P2 O7) 3]3-引发体系的[4 ] 。铬酸是一种具有强氧化性的强酸 ,虽然它单独存在时并不引发乙烯类单体的聚合 ,有报道[5] 铬酸可以引发丙烯腈与苎麻纤维素接枝共聚 ,淀粉和纤维素同属于碳水化合物。本文对铬酸引发丙烯酸正丁酯与淀粉接枝共聚反应进行了研究 ,考察了反应条件对接枝反应的影响。1　实验部分1 .1　原料可溶性淀粉 (北京奥特生物技术责任有限公司 ) ,丙烯酸正丁…     

KMnO4引发魔芋粉-丙烯腈的接枝共聚反应

以KMnO4为引发剂进行魔芋粉与丙烯腈的接枝共聚反应。研究了魔芋粉预氧化时间、引发剂浓度、单体浓度、酸度、反应时间、反应温度和反应物加料方式等聚合条件对接枝效率的影响，并对接枝机理作了探讨。     

羟乙基纤维素接枝N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的研究

利用硝酸铈铵引发了羟乙基纤维素与N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的接枝反应.通过红外光谱和1H-NMR谱证明了接枝反应是成功的讨论了单体浓度、引发剂浓度、反应温度对接枝共聚反应的影响。通过差示扫描量热仪和动态激光光散射仪。研究了接枝产物的溶液性质,证明了接枝产物具有温敏性。     

螯合纤维的研究.Ⅰ.含偕胺肟基螯合纤维的制备

本文系统地研究了以聚乙烯醇缩甲醛(PVF)无纺布为基体,通过化学引发丙烯腈(AN)在PVF上的接枝共聚反应制备反应性纤维时各种因素如用KMnO_4引发剂预氧化PVF时其溶液的浓度、预氧化温度、时间、接枝共聚反应温度、时间、单体浓度、反应介质的酸度等对接枝率和接枝效率的影响,同时还研究了反应性纤维进行偕胺肟化反应时影响其反应程度的各种因素,如反应介质、温度、时间等的影响。     

尼龙66与甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝共聚合的研究——DMA/硫酸铜引发体系

烯类单体与聚酰胺(尼龙)纤维接枝共聚合已有报道.Varma等人研究了Ce4+引发丙烯腈、丙烯酰胺分别与尼龙纤维的接枝共聚反应。Lenka发表了用P2O48-引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)与尼龙6纤维接枝共聚合的研究结果.Nayak等人报道了用乙酰丙酮锰为引发剂使MMA与尼龙6接枝共聚合.本文以二甲基苯胺(DMA)/硫酸铜为引发体系,用MMA接枝尼龙66纤维丝,研究了Cu2+浓度等因素对该接枝共聚反应的影响.     

聚砜与丙烯酸的紫外光辐射接枝共聚及其表征

在均相溶液体系下,运用紫外光辐射引发合成了聚砜与丙烯酸的接枝共聚物。用化学滴定、漫反射傅立叶变换红外光谱和热分析等技术对接枝聚合物进行了表征。结果表明:丙烯酸被接枝在聚砜链上;光照时间、单体浓度和光引发剂浓度对接枝率均有较大影响。膜表面接触角的研究表明,接枝共聚物膜的亲水性比改性前有所提高。     

纤维素与己内酰胺的接枝共聚反应

以过硫酸铵和过硫酸钾为引发剂,在碱性环境下进行纤维素与己内酰胺的接枝共聚反应.采用红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X射线衍射仪(XRD)对接枝共聚物的分子结构、表观形貌和结晶性进行了表征.通过单因素实验重点考察了单体用量、引发剂浓度、反应温度和反应时间等对接枝共聚物接枝率的影响.结果表明:以3 g纤...     

丝胶-甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝共聚物的合成与表征

在酸性水介质中,以硝酸铈铵为引发剂合成了丝胶-甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝共聚物,其结构经1H NMR,IR,SEM和GPC表征。用正交试验法考察了各因素对接枝共聚反应的影响,结果表明,单体浓度对接枝聚合反应的影响最大,反应时间的影响最小。     

高锰酸钾引发魔芋粉/丙烯酰胺接枝共聚合及其增稠性研究

用KMnO4作引发刺对魔芋粉(KGM)与丙烯酰胺(AM)进行了接枝共聚反应．研究了引发剂浓度、接枝单体浓度、体系酸度、反应温度、反应时间以及KGM预氧化时间等条件对接枝效率的影响．结果表明：在适宜的条件下，接枝效率可达90％以上，并且接枝物的水溶性与增稠性得到较大的改善。     

电晕放电引发丙烯酸表面接枝LDPE薄膜的研究

本文采用接枝量测定、ATRIR和ESCA研究了电晕放电引发丙烯酸表面接枝LDPE薄膜,实验结果表明:电晕放电能有效地引发丙烯酸在LDPE薄膜表面的接枝聚合反应,随反应时间延长、反应温度提高和丙烯酸单体浓度增大,表面接枝量增大。当丙烯酸浓度为20%、聚合温度为70℃、反应15小时时,经电晕放电处理72秒后的LDPE薄膜表面接枝量高达22055μgcm2。     

Distribution of emulsified monomers with different water solubility

The location and distribution of acrylic acid and styrene in emulsions made with a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), or an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), were determined with ultra-violet spectroscopy, conductivity, and potentiometry. In these systems, the acrylic acid remains in the aqueous phase near the micelle surface, whereas the styrene is located in the micelles or in emulsified droplets. In the absence of acrylic acid, some of the styrene is solubilized in the micelle interior and some is adsorbed at the micelle inner surface. Upon addition of acrylic acid, all the styrene is displaced to the center of the micelles. The interaction between acrylic acid and CTAB micelles is stronger than that between acrylic acid and SDS micelles. With CTAB, acrylic acid is adsorbed at the micelle surface, whereas with SDS, acrylic acid remains in the intermicellar solution. These differences can account for the differences reported in the emulsion copolymerization of acrylic acid and styrene using CTAB or SDS.     

Frontal Polymerization of Deep Eutectic Solvents Composed of Acrylic and Methacrylic Acids

Frontal polymerization of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) made with acrylic or methacrylic acid as the monomer and hydrogen bond donor was studied. Fronts with acrylic acid and choline chloride propagated more uniformly than with pure acrylic acid, so an exploration into how the DES affected frontal polymerization was performed. The hydrogen bond acceptor of the DES was replaced by several analogs to determine the effect on the DES front behavior. The analogs used were talc, DMSO, lauric acid, and stearic acid, which acted as a heat sink, inert diluent, hydrogen bonding diluent, and inert phase change material, respectively. None of the methacrylic acid‐analog systems were able to sustain a front. While the acrylic acid‐analog systems did sustain a front (with the exception of stearic acid), none of the fronts replicated the acrylic acid DES behavior. The acrylic acid–talc sample behaved more violently—like pure acrylic acid polymerization—than the acrylic acid DES, and the DMSO and lauric acid samples produced slower fronts than that of the acrylic acid DES. We propose that the reactivity of the acrylic acid and methacrylic acid is enhanced in the DES. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 4046–4050     

Small Angle X‐ray Diffraction Studies for Hydrophobically Modified Polyelectrolytes

Sulfonate anion modified acrylic acid ter‐polymers and [2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethyl‐ammonium chloride cation modified acrylic acid polymers have been prepared and were characterized with small angle x‐ray diffraction studies. While the sulfonate anion modified acrylic acid ter‐polymer solutions exhibit strong scattering at an angle corresponding to a scattering vector 0.016 A^?1, the cation modified acrylic acid polymers show no scattering at corresponding concentrations. The anion modified acrylic acid ter‐polymers are more compact than the corresponding cation‐modified acrylic acid polymers.     

丙烯酸交联壳聚糖渗透汽化膜研究（Ⅰ）——膜结构及交联机理

报道了一种新型渗透汽化膜－－丙烯酸交联壳聚糖膜，通过溶胀、拉伸、渗透汽化分离以及红外光谱等手段研究了膜的结构和交联机理。实验结果表明，交联反应由两部分组成：丙烯酸的双键和壳聚糖的氨基的加成反应和丙烯酸另一端的羧基和壳聚糖的氨基的酸碱中和反应。     

Study on modification of polymers with the aid of the Schmidt reaction

A study of the Schmidt reaction on several polymers with pendant carboxylic and ketone moieties was carried out. Four polymers were used as starting materials: (1) poly(methyl vinyl ketone), (2) poly(acrylic acid), (3) a copolymer of methyl vinyl ketone and acrylic acid, and (4) a copolymer of styrene and acrylic acid. Most reactions were conducted in an acetic acid medium with the exception of one reaction on poly(acrylic acid) which was done in dioxane and another on copolymer of styrene and acrylic acid done in chloroform. It was found that a Schmidt reaction on poly(acrylic acid) in acetic acid solution will lead to intermolecular reactions of the intermediate with the solvent in preference to reactions with neighboring carboxyl groups on the polymer backbone. A tendency of poly(acrylic acid) to form cyclic anhydrides under these reaction conditions interferes with the yield of acetamide units.     

The well-defined bootstrap effect in the macroinitiator-mediated pseudoliving radical copolymerization of styrene and acrylic acid

The bootstrap effect is observed in the pseudoliving radical copolymerization of styrene and acrylic acid mediated by a macroinitiator: the adduct of poly(acrylic acid) with a nitroxide radical. In this case, the macroinitiator serves as a peculiar “microreactor” with an increased local concentration of acrylic acid; as a result, the apparent activity of acrylic acid is higher than that in copolymerization mediated by low-molecular-mass initiators.     

有机硅参与的聚电解质的合成及性能研究

以带磺酸根离子单体，丙烯酸酯单体，丙烯酸与甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷（MAPS）进行紫外光引发溶液聚合，研制出一种可粘在聚二甲基硅氧烷橡胶上的聚电解质。并就各个单体用量对聚合物粘接性能，离子交换当量，柔韧性等的影响进行了探讨。结果表明：采用4－乙烯基苯磺酸钠，甲基丙烯酸丁酯，丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷在紫外光引发下聚合1h，常温固化可得到满足要求的聚电解质。     

阴离子交换离子色谱法测定乳酸催化制备的丙烯酸

通过乳酸催化脱水制备丙烯酸具有良好的应用前景。为了对其中的催化过程进行有效、及时的监控,建立了一种同时测定乳酸及丙烯酸的阴离子交换色谱法(AEC)。选择Metrohm A Supp 5阴离子交换柱(150 mm×4.0 mm),以2 mmol/L Na2CO3+2 mmol/L NaHCO3混合水溶液为流动相,采用化学抑制电导检测技术,乳酸和丙烯酸在6 min内即可实现完全分离。乳酸和丙烯酸工作曲线的线性范围分别为0.1～500 mg/L和0.1～200 mg/L,检出限分别为0.030 mg/L和0.035 mg/L,加标回收率分别为100.7%～106%和99.6%～103%,相对标准偏差分别为2.16%~2.49%和2.42%~2.48%。该方法准确、快速、灵敏、重现性好。     

Crystallinity in Free Radical Polymerized Polyvinyl p-t-butylbenzoate)

The photoinduced graft polymerization of acrylic acid and n-butyl acrylate on polyvinyl chloride or carbon monoxide-vinyl chloride copolymer by using benzophenone as a sensitizer was carried out. In graft polymerization of acrylic acid, the degree of grafting was low. However, graft polymerization of n-butyl acrylate or acrylic acid-n-butyl acrylate were higher than that of acrylic acid. Turbidimetry, DTA, and TGA of the graft polymer were examined. As the graft polymer was a weak polyacid, the pK_a was estimated according to the Henderson equation, and the relationship between pK_a and the acrylic acid unit content in the graft polymer was derived.     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化酯化丙烯酸和甲醇合成丙烯酸甲酯的反应动力学

以丙烯酸和甲醇为原料,强酸性阳离子交换树脂Amberlyst-15为催化剂,对苯二酚为阻聚剂,合成丙烯酸甲酯。 考察了醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量和温度对反应过程的影响,在实验范围内,随着温度或者催化剂用量的增加,反应速率加快,丙烯酸的转化率也不断提高。 醇酸摩尔比的增加能提高丙烯酸的转化率,反应速率出现先增加后减缓的现象。 与此同时,建立该催化酯化反应的Pseudo-Homogeneous（PH）的理想和非理想以及Langmuir-Hinshelwood（LH）反应动力学模型,辨识得到相应反应动力学方程。 经比较,采用活度替代物质的量浓度的LH模型的平均相对偏差(MRD)最小,计算值为1.466%,最适合实际反应。