SO^2—4促进型多元氧化物超强酸催化剂上丁烷异构化反应

考察了一系列ＳＯ＾２－４促进型多元氧化超强酸催化剂的正丁烷异构化反应性能，在ＺｒＯ２中添加Ｎｉ，Ｆｅ，Ｃｒ，Ｍｎ和Ｖ等第二和第三组份金属元素儿地提高催化剂在氮气气氛下的异构化活性，但催化剂活性下降很快，改成氢气气氛可使部分多元氧化物摧化剂的积炭速度减缓，进一步提高活性和稳定性，载铂对提高ＳＯ＾２－４／ＺｒＯ２催化剂的活性和稳定性是有效的，但对多元氧化物催化剂地积极作用，在临氢反应过程中，添加的金属     

复合稀土氧化物和硫氧化物超细粉的制备和结构

以脲为水解试剂，采用强迫水解法制备了（Ｙ，Ｃｄ，Ｅｕ）２Ｏ３，（Ｙ，Ｔｂ）２Ｏ３，（Ｙ，Ｇｄ，Ｅｕ）２Ｏ２Ｓ和（Ｙ，Ｔｂ）２Ｏ２Ｓ等一系列复合稀土氧化物和硫氧化物细粉，研究了热分解反应的机理以及产物的结构和性能。     

调变钴系超细粒子催化剂合成重质烃

制备了ＳｉＯ２气凝胶超细粉、ＺｒＯ－ＳｉＯ２超细复合氧化物载体以及Ｃｏ／ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＯ超细粒子催化剂，考察了还原温度对Ｃｏ／ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＯ催化剂Ｆ－Ｔ反应性能的影响。结果表明，４００下，Ｈ２还原的Ｃｏ／ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＯ２催化剂有最佳Ｆ－Ｔ反应活性和Ｃ５选择性。     

低温放电等离子体—催化还原脱除SO2催化剂的研究

低温放电等离子体催化还原脱除ＳＯ２是一项新技术，本文介绍一种可用于该技术的新型、常温、常压的催化剂。此催化剂采用双组分活性非均布的结构，ＳＯ２最高脱除率达８５～９１％，工作硫容可达到９％ｇＳＯ２／ｇＭ（Ｍ为活性组分）。文中使用热重法，模拟固定床反应器法和化学法对反应后的催化剂上的硫产物的分布进行测试，分析测试的结果表明，催化剂上存在各种形态的硫，主要为单质Ｓ和ＳＯ２４，Ｓ２基本上检验不到。本项研究为低温无废脱硫作出了有意义的探索。     

Cu－Co催化剂催化CO_2合成醇的原位红外表征及其反应机理

本文采用＂原位＂红外光谱结合ＸＰＳ和ＸＲＤ比较了ＣｕＣｒＫ、ＣｏＣｒＫ和ＣｕＣｏＣｒＫ三种催化剂在２．５ＭＰａ，２７０℃条件下，ＣＯ_２＋Ｈ_２合成醇的中间体及其演变过程；初步探讨了Ｃｕ－Ｃｏ催化剂中活性金属的作用、氧化物的作用、以及甲醇合成机理和碳链增长机理。研究结果表明，Ｃｕ是最主要的合成甲醇活性组分，Ｃｏ能够导致ＣＯ_２离解吸附，而碳链增长则需要二者的协同作用。吸附在金属表面的甲酸盐是甲醇合成的中间体，ＣＯ插入表面其它基团是碳链增长的关键步骤，一定量的氧化物的存在对Ｃｕ基催化剂合成甲醇活性是必不可少的，能够起到稳定表面甲酸盐的作用。     

调变钴系超细粒子催化剂合成重质烃—─还原温度对反应性能的影响

制备了ＳｉＯ２气凝胶超细粉、ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＯ２超细复合氧化物载体以及Ｃｏ／ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＯ２超细粒子催化剂．考察了还原温度对Ｃｏ／ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＯ２催化剂Ｆ－Ｔ反应性能的影响．结果表明，４００下、Ｈ２还原的Ｃｏ／ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＯ２催化剂有最佳Ｆ－Ｔ反应活性和Ｃ５＋选择性．     

V2O5—MoO3—SiO2表面复合氧化物催化剂的制备与表征

采用表面改性法制备了Ｖ２Ｏ５－ＳｉＯ２,ＭｏＯ３－ＳｉＯ２,Ｖ２Ｏ５－ＭｏＯ３－ＳｉＯ２复合氧化物催化剂,并用ＴＰＲ和ＩＴ技术研究了催化剂的表面结构及Ｖ＝Ｏ,Ｍｏ＝Ｏ的活性,同时用化学吸附ＩＲ技术研究了催化剂样品对异丁烷的化学吸附性能。     

结晶态SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2-SiO_2超强酸催化剂的制备及性能测定

采用一种沉淀／混合沉淀的方法, 制得了具有类似于分子筛结构的结晶型二元氧化物 Ｚｒ Ｏ２ Ｓｉ Ｏ２． 用１ ｍ ｏｌ／ｄｍ ３ 的硫酸处理该氧化物并在５５０ ℃焙烧, 制得了具有类似于分子筛结构的结晶态超强酸催化剂 Ｓ Ｏ４２－ ／ Ｚｒ Ｏ２  Ｓｉ Ｏ２． 采用 Ｘ Ｒ Ｄ、 Ｉ Ｒ、 Ｔ Ｇ、 Ｓ Ｅ Ｍ 等对催化剂的结构进行了表征, 发现该催化剂的 Ｘ Ｒ Ｄ谱图与 Ｚ Ｓ Ｍ５ 分子筛的 Ｘ Ｒ Ｄ谱图非常类似． 用指示剂法证实了催化剂的超强酸性． 还考察了催化剂对于乙酸／丁醇酯化反应的催化活性．     

TiO2,la2O3,ZrO2改性Pd／SiO2催化剂吸氢性能及反应活性的研究

ＴｉＯ２，Ｌａ２Ｏ３和ＺｒＯ２以单层形式分布在ＳｉＯ２上制得了Ｐｄ催化剂。经４７３Ｋ（ＬＴＲ）及７７３Ｋ（ＨＴＲ）Ｈ２处理后，进行Ｈ２－Ｏ２滴定反应，测定催化剂对Ｈ２的吸附能力。结果表明，Ｐｄ／ＴｉＯ２／ＳｉＯ２，Ｐｄ／Ｌａ２Ｏ３／ＳｉＯ２及Ｐｄ／ＺｒＯ２／ＳｉＯ２的吸氢能力高于单一载体Ｐｄ催化剂的吸能力，说明ＳｉＯ２骨架经涂层氧化物的改性，Ｐｄ得到较好的分散。Ｐｄ与载体之间相互作用为：Ｐｄ／Ｔｉ     

SO4^2—／ZrO2—SiO2催化剂的制备及其对乙酸／丁醇酯化反应的催化作用

用０．５￣１．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｈ２ＳＯ４溶液处理ＺｒＯ２含量为３％￣５０％（摩尔分数）的锆硅复合氧化物，制得ＳＯ４＾２－／ＺｒＯ２－ＳｒＯ２催化剂。考察了催化剂对乙酸／丁醇酯化反应的催化作用及其制备条件（如：Ｚｒ／Ｓｉ比、沉淀剂、预焙烧温度、焙烧温度等）对催化剂性能的影响。实验结果表明，对于给定的反应，使用ＺｒＯ２含量约为１０％的ＳＯ４＾２－ＳｉＯ２催化剂时，乙酸的转化率高于９８％；而在相同条件下使     

Impact of alkali treatment on physico-chemical,thermal, structural and tensile properties of Carica papaya bark fibers

This study aims to examine the effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment on the physico-chemical properties, structure, thermal, tensile and surface topography of Carica papaya fibers (CPFs). The surface of raw CPFs was modified by soaking with 5% NaOH solution for 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90?min. The results of thermo-gravimetric analysis revealed that the optimum treatment time for alkali treatment was 60?min. It was found that the alkali treatment improved the properties of the CPFs. The results of TGA, FT-IR, XRD and AFM suggest that the treated CPF is a suitable alternative as reinforcement in polymer composites.     

Chemometric and trend analysis of water quality of the South Chennai lakes: an integrated environmental study

In order to bring out the nature of the factors influencing lake water composition, multivariate statistical analysis and trend analysis were performed based on the hydrochemical data of the study area, namely, South Chennai. Change in land use pattern and settlements along the banks of the lakes alters the quality and quantity of the surface water. In the present study, the R‐mode factor analysis and cluster analysis were applied to the geochemical parameters of the water to identify the factors affecting the chemical composition of the lake water. Dendograms of both the seasons give three major clusters, reflecting the groups of unpolluted to moderately polluted, polluted, and heavily polluted stations. The movement of stations from one cluster to another clearly brings out the seasonal variation in the chemical composition of the lake water. The complex hydrochemical data of the surface water were interpreted by condensing them into three major factors. Factor score analysis was used successfully to delineate the stations under study and the role of the contributing factors, and the nature of factors responsible for the variation in chemical composition of the water has been clearly brought out. Results of trend analysis using ArcGIS clearly indicate that the trend in water quality is deteriorating at a faster rate in the eastern part of the study area. It is understood that although natural shifts probably can account for some of the variation, it is most likely that human activities play a major role in affecting the water quality on a regional scale. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On-line fermentation gas analysis: Error analysis and application of mass spectrometry

On-line fermentation gas analysis is of general interest because it permits the determination of metabolic rates in almost any biological process using living organisms. The consumption and production of gases (O₂, CO₂, CH₄, etc.) and volatile compounds may be determined without causing any risk of infection. Elemental balancing permits the determination of other metabolic rates if the stoichiometry is known. This was studied with the production of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) by Alcaligenes latus. Estimations were based on the measurement of gas partial pressure and flow-rates, pH and alkali consumption rate. Experiments with a small quadrupole mass spectrometer showed unacceptable error propagation. Therefore, dynamic error propagation for all rates was studied using simulation. It was found that, for example, a 1% relative offset-calibration error for oxygen can result in an error in PHB estimation of > 50%. It is suggested that this culture is used in combination with elemental balancing for thorough tests of the accuracy of on-line gas analysis equipment. An on-line process gas analyser based on a quadrupole mass spectrometer (Balzers PGM 407) gave the following precision values (abs. vol.?%) during cultivation of Bacillus subtilis: nitrogen (m/z 14), 0.024; oxygen (m/z 32), 0.020; argon (m/z 40), 0.0011; and carbon dioxide (m/z 44), 0.0034. These values, combined with automatic recalibration, would be sufficient for reasonable estimation of PHB, biomass and substrates.     

Determination of rank by augmentation (DRAUG)

Determining the rank of a chemical matrix is the first step in many multivariate, chemometric studies. Rank is defined as the minimum number of linearly independent factors after deletion of factors that contribute to random, nonlinear, uncorrelated errors. Adding a matrix of rank 1 to a data matrix not only increases the rank by one unit but also perturbs the primary factor axes, having little effect on the secondary axes associated with the random errors in the measurements. The primary rank of a data matrix can be determined by comparing the residual variances obtained from principal component analysis (PCA) of the original data matrix to those obtained from an augmented matrix. The ratio of the residual variances between adjacent factor levels represents a Fisher ratio that can be used to distinguish the primary factors (chemical as well as instrumental factors) from the secondary factors (experimental errors). The results gleaned from model studies as well as those from experimental studies are used to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology. The method is independent of the nature of the error distribution. Limitations and precautions are discussed. An algorithm, written in MATLAB format, is included. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新材料的发展与分析化学

文章介绍了新材料的重要性及发展方向,分析化学在新材料研制中起着耳目的作用,另一方面新材料也为分析化学的进展提供了课题与条件。微量分析、微区分析、表面分析是此领域中的重点。在未来的发展中,分析化学在材料的发展中的地位不会改变,并期待着分析灵敏度与空间分辩率的进一步提高。     

用局部拟合主成分回归计算光度分析法测定黄连生物碱

针对具有样本数据非无匀分布和非线性特点的光度分析问题，提聘种局部拟合 主成分回归法，用于中药多组分计算测定。该方法根据待测样本与各已知样本光度 分析数据的欧式距离确定相应的权值，将部分权值较大的样本组成校正集，并用分 段线性拟合算法建立待测样本的校正预测模型，将其用于分析黄连的药根碱、巴巴 亭和小檗碱等三种生物碱，所得预测均方根误差分别为0.023,0.0400和0.052，优 于主成分回归法、偏最小二乘法以及人工神经元网络法所得结果。这表明，本方法 用于中药光度分析能获得较为准确的计算分析结果。     

高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定福建乌龙茶中痕量硒

本文研究了2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)与Se(Ⅳ)反应,生成4.5-苯并苤硒脑(NSD),利用环已烷萃取反应生成的络合物。将有机相注射入填充有μ一Bondapak C_(18)固定相的色谱柱,以环已烷-四氢呋喃(90:10)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,进行HPLC一荧光检测。测定了福建乌龙茶中的微量硒。方法的精密度和回收度均好。检测限达0.12 ng。     

双嘧达莫的荧光光谱分析法

以荧光光谱法研究了双嘧达莫在溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTMAB)、β_环糊精 (β_CD)、十二烷基硫酸钠 (SDS)等介质体系中的荧光性质 ,发现CTMAB、SDS和 β_CD对双嘧达莫均有不同程度的荧光增敏作用 ,提出了在CTMAB、SDS和 β_CD水溶液中测定双嘧达莫的荧光光谱分析法 ;该法灵敏度高 ,检出限低(3.20×10 -9mol/L) ,在6.40×10 -8～3.20×10 -6mol/L范围内荧光强度与双嘧达莫的浓度呈良好线性关系     

区分化学分析法与仪器分析法适用性的实践教学探索

根据方法原理,分析化学的常用分析方法可分为化学分析法和仪器分析法。高灵敏度、高选择性、高自动化、数字化和智能化已成为分析化学的发展方向,仪器分析法成为了分析化学发展的主流和热点。因此,在校本科生往往忽视化学分析法的重要作用以及适用范围,陷入仪器分析法为万能分析方法的误区。本文选用络合滴定法和原子吸收光谱法分别对常量含铅样品进行测试,通过考察测试结果的相对误差大小,探索了化学分析法和仪器分析法的适用范围,从而纠正了在校本科生的唯仪器分析法的错误观念。