聚铝碳硅烷不熔化纤维中氧含量的调节

氧含量是SiAlCO纤维在1700℃以上烧结致密化,并得到近化学计量比元素组成的关键因素,而氧元素主要来源于前驱体聚铝碳硅烷(PACS)纤维的不熔化过程.本文采用一种新的不熔化方法,以预氧化-热交联的方式对PACS纤维进行不熔化处理,实现了热解后所得SiAlCO纤维中氧含量在10%~13%(质量分数)范围内可调节.为保证PACS纤维在热交联过程中不熔融,其最低预氧化条件为190℃下保温4h,对应氧引入量为7.87%,预氧化纤维在惰性气氛下450℃保温2h,可实现不熔化.通过凝胶液相色谱(GPC)、红外光谱(IR)及热重-质谱联用(TG-MS)等方法研究预氧化和热交联过程,结果表明,预氧化过程主要是Si—H氧化生成Si—OH,部分Si—OH相互缩聚,在分子间形成Si—O—Si,使PACS数均分子量提高.热交联分为2个阶段,300℃以下主要是残留的Si—OH之间形成Si—O—Si交联结构;300~450℃主要发生Si—H与Si—CH3之间脱H2的缩聚反应,形成Si—CH2—Si交联结构.     

铝含量对含铝碳化硅陶瓷先驱体结构和性能的影响

采用不同比例的乙酰丙酮铝[Al(AcAc)3]与聚硅碳硅烷(PSCS)反应制备含铝碳化硅陶瓷的先驱体聚铝碳硅烷(PACS). 采用气相凝胶色谱(GPC)、化学分析和红外等手段对不同铝含量的PACS组成和结构进行了表征, 研究了铝含量对PACS结构和性能的影响. 结果表明, 随着铝含量的增加, PACS的氧含量增加, 分子量分布变宽, 主要活性基团Si—H键的含量降低, PACS的可纺性降低. 当Al(AcAc)3/PSCS(质量比)大于20%以后, PACS不可纺. 热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)的研究表明: 当制备PACS的Al(AcAc)3/PSCS(质量比)大于4%, PACS在N2中400～560 ℃之间的失重明显降低. 铝含量在0.4～0.7 wt%的PACS, 制备的Si-Al-C-O纤维抗张强度最高. Al(AcAc)3/PSCS＝6 wt%时制备的PACS, 烧结的SiC(Al)纤维最致密.     

耐超高温SiC(Al)纤维先驱体——聚铝碳硅烷纤维的研究

以聚硅碳硅烷(PSCS)与乙酰丙酮铝(Al(AcAc)3)为原料,在常压高温条件下反应制备出聚铝碳硅烷(PACS),经过熔融纺丝制备了PACS纤维.应用GPC、IR、XPS、29Si-NMR、27Al-NMR、TG、SEM、元素分析和增重等一系列分析,分别对PACS纤维的微观组成、结构以及性能进行了分析.研究结果表明,以原料质量配比为6∶100(Al(AcAc)3∶PSCS)合成的PACS化学式为SiC2.0H7.5O0.13Al0.018,数均分子量为1700左右,最适宜制备PACS纤维;PACS纤维中主要存在SiC4、SiC3H等结构,同时存在Si—O—Al键;在氮气气氛中,PACS纤维的陶瓷产率达到52%左右;预氧化处理,PACS纤维中Si—H键与空气中的氧反应形成Si—O—Si交联结构,较聚碳硅烷(PCS)纤维易于氧化,经过预氧化的PACS纤维陶瓷产率达到80%左右,是制备耐超高温SiC(Al)陶瓷纤维的合适纤维;用预氧化PACS纤维制备的SiC(OAl)纤维和SiC(Al)纤维抗拉强度高,耐高温性能好.     

不同温度下聚铝碳硅烷的合成与表征

为了研究合成温度对聚铝碳硅烷(PACS)结构的影响, 采用具有Si—C骨架结构的低分子量液态聚碳硅烷(LPCS)与乙酰丙酮铝[Al(AcAc)3]为原料, 在300, 360和420 ℃下分别合成了固态PACS, 并对合成的PACS样品进行元素组成及结构表征. 表征结果显示, 合成温度明显影响样品的Al, O含量及Si—H键数量. 合成温度升高, Al含量与O含量增大, 但PACS中的Si—H键数量急剧减少, 在360 ℃下合成的样品具有理论Al含量, 而在300和420 ℃下合成的样品的Al含量分别小于和大于理论Al含量. 27Al MAS NMR结果显示, Al与O形成AlO4, AlO5和AlO6 三种配位形式. 反应过程中消耗Si—H键形成Si—O—Al交联结构是PACS数均分子量及多分散系数增加的主要原因.     

耐高温碳化硅纤维的制备与性能

采用聚硅碳硅烷（PSCS）与乙酰丙酮铝反应，合成出聚铝碳硅烷（PACS）陶瓷先驱体聚合物.经熔融纺丝、空气不熔化、烧成与高温烧结等工艺， 制备性能优异的耐高温碳化硅纤维SiC(Al).经29Si MAS NMR、 XRD、 Raman谱、AES与SEM等一系列分析表明，该纤维的化学组成和结构与普通碳化硅纤维显著不同，具有近化学计量比组成，氧、游离碳以及SixCyOz相的含量大大低于普通碳化硅纤维，这是其高温稳定的主要原因.在制备过程中铝作为烧结助剂起到了使纤维致密化与抑制晶粒快速增长的作用.     

聚铝碳硅烷纤维预氧化过程组成结构演变的研究

采用热重-差热分析、元素分析、扫描电子显微镜、凝胶渗透色谱、红外光谱和核磁共振等手段, 研究了聚铝碳硅烷(PACS)纤维预氧化过程中组成、结构演变的规律和反应机理. 结果表明, 空气中PACS纤维从210 ℃左右开始与氧发生放热反应; 随着预氧化温度的升高, 纤维的氧含量逐渐增加, 凝胶含量在氧增重为6～8 wt%时急剧增加, 纤维表面出现细小的微裂纹. 预氧化初期, 主要是Si—H键与氧的反应, 生成Si—O—Si键, 纤维的数均分子量急剧增加, 形成交联结构; 预氧化中期, Si—H键继续反应, Si—O—Si结构明显增多, 同时Si—CH₃和Si—H与氧反应, 生成少量的Si—O—C结构; 预氧化后期, 纤维完全交联, 纤维中存在SiC₄, SiC₃H, Si—O—Si和少量的Si—O—C结构.     

耐超高温SiC（A1）纤维先驱体——聚铝碳硅烷纤维的研究

以聚硅碳硅烷（PSCS）与乙酰丙酮铝（A1（AcAc）3）为原料，在常压高温条件下反应制备出聚铝碳硅烷（PACS），经过熔融纺丝制备了PACS纤维．应用GPC、IR、XPS、^29Si．NMR、^29A1，NMR、TG、SEM、元素分析和增重等一系列分析，分别对PACS纤维的微观组成、结构以及性能进行了分析．研究结果表明，以原料质量配比为6：100（AI（AcAc）3：PSCS）合成的PACS化学式为SiQ2.0H7.5O0.13，Al0.018数均分子量为1700左右，最适宜制备PACS纤维；PACS纤维中主要存在SiC4、SiC3H等结构，同时存在si—O—Al键；在氮气气氛中，PACS纤维的陶瓷产率达到52％左右；预氧化处理，PACS纤维中Si—H键与空气中的氧反应形成Si—O—Si交联结构，较聚碳硅烷（PCS）纤维易于氧化，经过预氧化的PACS纤维陶瓷产率达到80％左右，是制备耐超高温SiC（A1）陶瓷纤维的合适纤维；用预氧化PACS纤维制备的SiC（OAl）纤维和SiC（A1）纤维抗拉强度高，耐高温性能好．     

基于液态聚碳硅烷的聚铝碳硅烷的合成与表征

采用液态聚碳硅烷与乙酰丙酮铝在常压下反应合成了具有不同铝含量的聚铝碳硅烷(PACS), 由于不需要循环回流过程, 因此该方法简单方便, 安全性高. 在与合成聚铝碳硅烷相同的条件下, 对单纯的液态聚碳硅烷原料进行保温处理, 所得产物的分析表征结果显示, 该原料在反应条件下基本保持稳定, 不会自聚或者裂解. 不同铝含量的聚铝碳硅烷的元素分析结果表明, 随着乙酰丙酮铝加入量的增加, 聚铝碳硅烷中的铝含量增加, 同时氧含量增加, 氢含量减少, 且乙酰丙酮铝中的铝元素几乎全部引入到液态聚碳硅烷中. GPC分析结果显示, 随着铝含量的增大, PACS的数均分子量增大, 分子量分布变宽. 红外光谱和核磁共振波谱分析结果表明, 液态聚碳硅烷与乙酰丙酮铝的反应主要以消耗Si-H键的方式进行, 铝元素以AlO₄, AlO₅和AlO₆ 3种配位形式存在, 同时形成Si-O-Al交联键, 使得聚铝碳硅烷的分子量增大, 分子量分布变宽.     

过氧化二苯甲酰为引发剂用于液态聚硅烷合成聚碳硅烷

以聚二甲基硅烷裂解制备的液态聚硅烷为原料,添加引发剂过氧化二苯甲酰合成聚碳硅烷,使液态聚硅烷合成聚碳硅烷的产率提高了20%~25%.利用FTIR和GPC对反应过程进行跟踪分析,利用元素分析,1H-NMR,13C-NMR,TG-DTA和XRD对产物的组成结构和性能进行了表征,提出了过氧化二苯甲酰对液态聚硅烷合成聚碳硅烷的促进反应机理.结果表明,过氧化二苯甲酰受热分解形成自由基,促进了液态聚硅烷中的Si—Si键断裂重排,同时也引发了小分子硅碳烷中的Si—H和Si—CH3键断裂生成Si—CH2—Si结构,使聚碳硅烷分子量长大,产率提高.同时过氧化二苯甲酰分解产生的苯基和苯甲酰氧基会作为端基或侧基引入到聚碳硅烷分子中,引起产物C、O含量的少许增加.但对聚碳硅烷高温烧结后的陶瓷收率没有显著影响.     

聚铝硅烷与聚碳硅烷共混先驱体制备SiC(Al)纤维

采用聚铝碳硅烷和聚碳硅烷共混制备含铝碳化硅的先驱体,并与直接合成得到的聚铝碳硅烷进行了比较.元素分析表明,共混法能够有效控制聚铝碳硅烷中的铝含量,且共混聚铝碳硅烷先驱体Si—H键含量更高.流变性能研究表明,共混获得的聚铝碳硅烷先驱体黏流活化能从255kJ/mol降至200kJ/mol,先驱体的可纺性提高,所以原纤维的平均直径从19μm降至12μm.预氧化后聚铝碳硅烷原纤维经1800℃一步烧成可得到致密的SiC(Al)纤维;XRD研究表明,纤维中的铝起到抑制碳化硅晶粒长大的作用.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.