食品及食品包装材料中光引发剂分析方法的研究进展

综述了食品及食品包装材料中光引发剂分析方法的研究进展,包括样品的前处理方法(如固相萃取、固相微萃取、基质分散固相萃取、加速溶剂萃取、分散液液微萃取、凝胶渗透色谱)和分析方法(如气相色谱-质谱法、气相色谱-串联质谱法、液相色谱法、液相色谱-串联质谱法、超高效合相色谱法),并对其发展趋势作了展望。     

电场辅助样品前处理技术研究进展

样品前处理是样品分析过程的关键环节。目前各种微波、光、压力、超声波等场作用因能强化溶质传递、加速样品分离而被广泛地运用到样品前处理中。其中,电场辅助样品前处理技术能提高微痕量分析物萃取效率和选择性,已成为场辅助样品前处理技术的研究热点,并已在食品、环境、医药、生物等领域得到应用。该文综述了包括电场辅助膜萃取技术、电场辅助液相(微)萃取技术、电场辅助固相(微)萃取技术在内的电场辅助样品前处理技术的研究进展,并展望了其发展趋势。     

新型功能材料在藻毒素萃取中的应用进展

藻毒素为有害藻类所产生的次级代谢产物,具有毒性强、种类多和生物蓄积性等特点,对人类健康、水产养殖业以及水生生态系统都会造成严重的威胁,已成为当前全球范围的研究热点。由于藻毒素在样品中的含量很低、样品基质复杂等因素,在仪器分析前进行有效的样品前处理不可或缺。高效的样品前处理技术不但能够减小或去除样品基质对分析的干扰,而且可以实现目标物的富集,增加分析方法的灵敏度与准确性。近年来,固相萃取(SPE)、固相微萃取(SPME)、磁性固相萃取(MSPE)、分散固相萃取(DSPE)、吸管尖端固相萃取(PT-SPE)等样品前处理技术已在藻毒素分离分析领域广受关注。这些前处理技术性能的好坏主要取决于萃取材料的特性。由于藻毒素的理化特性各不相同,在分子尺寸、亲疏水性、电荷等性质上差异较大,合理设计并制备适合藻毒素萃取的材料十分必要。最佳的萃取材料必须实现对藻毒素的可逆吸附,并且最好具有多孔结构和高的比表面积,从而能够提供高的回收率和与藻毒素良好的界面接触。此外,萃取材料还应该在样品溶液、洗脱溶剂、工作pH范围内具有良好的化学稳定性,否则萃取材料可能会溶解或丢失其官能团。本文综述了近十几年来国内外关于藻毒...     

干果类食品的样品前处理与分析检测方法研究进展

坚果、果脯等干果类食品含有丰富的营养成分,深受国内外广大消费者的喜爱。但这些食品在果实生产、加工、储运时会使用农药或产生霉变等,造成干果中农药、重金属、霉菌毒素或添加剂等有害成分残留,甚至超过国家限量要求,带来严重的食品安全问题。因此,加强干果类食品的质量监督具有重要的经济和社会意义。但干果类食品基质复杂,有害物质种类多,结构和性质差异大,含量低,其分析检测需要快速高效的样品前处理技术和准确灵敏的分析检测方法。该文主要综述了近十年来干果类食品中有害物质的样品前处理及分析检测方法研究进展。其中样品前处理方法主要包括各种场辅助萃取法、相分离法和衍生化萃取方法等。场辅助萃取法主要是借助超声波和微波场等外场(协同)作用加快干果中有害物质的溶出速度,提高其萃取效率。相分离法,包括固相(微)萃取、分散固相萃取和液相(微)萃取法等,具有溶剂消耗少、分离富集效率高的优势,是干果样品分析中较常使用的前处理方法。该文还重点介绍了干果中各类有害成分分析检测技术,主要包括色谱、原子光谱、无机质谱、电化学分析等常规实验室方法,以及一些适用于现场分析的快速检测技术,并以此为基础,展望了干果类食品中有害物质分析检测技术的发展趋势。     

食品中真菌毒素样品前处理方法的研究进展

真菌毒素是由真菌在一定环境条件下产生的一类具有毒性的小分子次级代谢产物。真菌毒素种类多,毒性强,污染范围广,可经食物链直接或间接进入人体,危及人体健康。食品基质形态多样,成分复杂,而实际样品中真菌毒素含量低,难以直接对目标物进行分析,故高效的样品前处理技术能实现待测物的分离和富集,在实际样品的分析中尤为重要。该文主要综述了基于磁性纳米材料、石墨烯类材料、分子印迹材料、免疫亲和材料、适配体功能材料等新型分离介质的液相萃取技术、固相萃取技术、场辅助提取技术（磁性固相萃取、超声辅助提取、微波辅助提取）、免疫亲和柱法、QuEChERS法等前处理技术在食品中真菌毒素分析中的应用,并对其分析的发展趋势进行了展望。     

肉类食品中杂环胺检测的样品前处理及分析方法的研究进展

杂环胺是畜禽、鱼肉等食品在高温烹饪过程中生成的一类致癌、致突变化合物,高效、高选择性的样品前处理方法和高灵敏的分析方法是食品中痕量杂环胺分析检测的关键。本文综述了近年来溶剂萃取、固相萃取和固相微萃取等样品前处理方法,以及液相色谱、液相色谱-质谱等分析方法在食品中痕量杂环胺检测中的应用,结合现有研究对其发展趋势进行了展望。共引用文献51篇。     

食品中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的分析方法研究进展

邻苯二甲酸酯是应用最广泛的增塑剂,具有生殖、发育毒性及致癌性,是近年来食品污染的一个重要来源。该类化合物种类多、同系物和同分异构体性质接近、在基体中含量范围宽,高效样品前处理、高选择性分离和高灵敏检测、降低本底干扰等技术是食品中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物准确测定面临的挑战。本文综述了液液萃取、液液微萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、基质固相萃取等传统及新型的提取与净化技术在食品样品分析中的应用,比较分析了气相色谱、液相色谱、串联质谱、高分辨质谱以及酶联免疫、离子迁移谱等快速检测技术的特点,并展望了发展趋势。     

生物介质萃取技术研究进展

生物介质萃取技术,即以生物(或仿生)材料如细胞、细菌和蛋白质等为萃取吸附固定相的样品制备技术。近年来该技术在多个领域得到了较为广泛的应用,例如利用生物材料对金属的吸附性质用于分析环境样品中微量金属元素;利用生物材料(免疫蛋白)的抗原–抗体结合性质用于食品和药品中毒素的检测等。主要针对近年来生物材料作为样品预处理介质用于微量重金属离子富集及霉菌毒素纯化富集两个方面的应用进行概述,为生物介质萃取技术的进一步推广应用提供参考。     

复杂样品痕量极性小分子化合物的样品前处理及分析方法研究进展

核苷、胺、氨基酸等极性小分子化合物是生物、食品、环境等领域重要的研究对象,但各种复杂基体中痕量极性小分子的分离分析需要高效的前处理介质和技术以及快速灵敏的分析方法。本文综述了硅胶材料、有机聚合物、炭材料和硼酸材料等样品前处理分离介质及反相液相色谱、亲水作用色谱等分析方法在复杂样品痕量极性小分子化合物分析中的应用,并展望了其发展趋势。     

动物源性食品中四环素类残留分析研究进展

综述了检测动物源性食品中四环素类残留的前处理方法,包括固相萃取、固相微萃取、基质分散技术、分子印迹技术、限进介质材料;对高效液相色谱、毛细管电泳、微生物法和酶联免疫分析等在四环素类药物中的检测应用进行了综述,比较了各种方法的优缺点。     

β2-兴奋剂的样品前处理与分析检测方法研究进展

许多国家禁止β2-兴奋剂用于动物饲养,但违禁药品的使用屡有发生,因此β2-兴奋剂的分析检测引起了高度关注.该文综述了β2-兴奋剂分析的样品前处理方法,包括溶剂萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取等,并对常用的β2-兴奋剂检测方法(如色谱分析法、电化学检测法、酶联免疫法、化学发光法等)的研究进展进行了评述.     

A review on solid phase microextraction-high performance liquid chromatography as a novel tool for the analysis of toxic metal ions

This paper reviews the practical applications of solid phase microextraction-High performance liquid chromatography in the analysis of toxic metal species as these are important contaminants and are carcinogenic. Their determination in formulations, in feed and food, and in complex environmental matrices (e.g., waste water and industrial effluents) often requires analytical methods capable of high efficiency, unique selectivity, and high sensitivity. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) requires low solvent consumption and is quick in use. SPME is used for extraction and online desorption of analytes with the mobile phase of HPLC and subsequent detection by UV, ICP-MS or ESI-MS as detectors. Different SPME-HPLC methods are summarized in this article to demonstrate the usefulness of this technique for metallic species of As, Cr, Pb, Hg and Se.     

Microextraction techniques in the analysis of food flavor compounds: A review

Food flavor compounds due to the complexity of food as a matrix, and usually their very low concentrations in a product, as well as their low odor thresholds, create a challenge in their extraction, separation and quantitation. Food flavor volatiles represent compounds of different polarity, volatility and chemical character, which determine method of extraction for their isolation from food. Microextraction techniques, mainly SPME and SBSE have been used for food flavor compounds analysis for two decades. Microextraction methods other than SPME and SBSE are seldom used despite their analytical potential. The review discusses the nature of food flavor compounds, and different approaches to food flavor analysis. It summarizes the use of microextraction methods in food flavor compounds analysis based on papers published in the last 5 years, and discusses the potential of microextraction methods in this field.     

Single-drop microextraction technique for the determination of antibiotics in environmental water

Growing concerns related to antibiotic residues in environmental water have encouraged the development of rapid, sensitive, and accurate analytical methods. Single-drop microextraction has been recognized as an efficient approach for the isolation and preconcentration of several analytes from a complex sample matrix. Thus, single-drop microextraction techniques are cost-effective and less harmful to the environment, subscribing to green analytical chemistry principles. Herein, an overview and the current advances in single-drop microextraction for the determination of antibiotics in environmental water are presented were included. In particular, two main approaches used to perform single-drop microextraction (direct immersion-single-drop microextraction and headspace-single-drop microextraction) are reviewed. Furthermore, the impressive analytical features and future perspectives of single-drop microextraction are discussed in this review.     

The modular analytical procedure and validation approach and the units of measurement for genetically modified materials in foods and feeds

Food and feed analysts are confronted with a number of common problems, irrespective of the analytical target. The analytical procedure can be described as a series of successive steps: sampling, sample processing, analyte extraction, and ending, finally, in interpretation of an analytical result produced with, e.g., real-time polymerase chain reaction. The final analytical result is dependent on proper method selection and execution and is only valid if valid methods (modules) are used throughout the analytical procedure. The final step is easy to validate-the measurement uncertainty added from this step is relatively limited and can be estimated with a high degree of precision. In contrast, the front-end sampling and processing steps have not evolved much, and the corresponding methods are rarely or never experimentally validated according to internationally harmonized protocols. In this paper, we outlined a strategy for modular validation of the entire analytical procedure, using an upstream validation approach, illustrated with methods for genetically modified materials that may partially apply also to other areas of food and feed analyses. We have also discussed some implications and consequences of this approach in relation to reference materials, measurement units, and thresholds for labelling and enforcement, and for application of the validated methods (modules) in routine food and feed analysis.     

烟草挥发性有机物的高效采样分析技术研究进展

烟草挥发性有机物(Volatile organic compounds,VOCs)含量低、组成复杂、挥发性强,同时烟草及其产品基体极其复杂,发展烟草VOCs的高效采样分析技术具有重要意义。该文综述了近年来烟草VOCs分离富集介质(如石墨烯及其复合材料、硅基材料、磁性富集材料等)及相关采样技术(如QuEChERS技术、固相微萃取技术、液相微萃取技术等)的研究进展,总结了烟草VOCs分析技术在烟草产品质量控制等方面的实际应用情况,并展望了该领域的未来研究趋势。     

食品中角鲨烯样品前处理与检测方法研究进展

角鲨烯是一种存在于动物、植物、微生物体内的小分子功能活性脂质,由于具有抗氧化、防癌抗癌、抗辐射、携氧、皮肤保湿和抑制微生物生长等多种生物活性功能,被广泛应用于功能食品、医药产品和化妆品的开发。因此,不同食品中角鲨烯含量的分析技术一直是国内外学者研究的热点与重点。该文综述了不同食品中角鲨烯的样品前处理方法,包括超临界二氧化碳萃取法、固相萃取法、固相微萃取法、皂化法、有机溶剂提取法和分步结晶法等以及气相色谱法、液相色谱法和气相色谱-质谱联用法等检测方法在角鲨烯分析中的应用,并对其发展趋势进行了展望,为食品中角鲨烯的分析提供参考与借鉴。     

Determination of steroid hormones in biological and environmental samples using green microextraction techniques: an overview

Residues of steroid hormones have become a cause for concern because they can affect the biological activity of non-target organisms. Steroid hormones are a potential risk for wildlife and humans through the consumption of contaminated food or water. Their determination requires extraction and clean-up steps, prior to detection, to reach low concentration levels. In recent years, a great effort has been made to develop new analytical methodologies, such as microextraction techniques, that reduce environmental pollution. Researchers have modified old methods to incorporate procedures that use less-hazardous chemicals or that use smaller amounts of them. They are able to do direct analysis using miniaturised equipment and reduced amounts of solvents and wastes. These accomplishments are the main objectives of green analytical chemistry. In this overview, we focus on microextraction techniques for the determination of steroid hormones in biological (e.g., human urine, human serum, fish, shrimp and prawn tissue and milk) and environmental (e.g., wastewaters, surface waters, tap waters, river waters, sewage sludges, marine sediments and river sediments) samples. We comment on the most recent applications in sorptive-microextraction modes, such as solid phase microextraction (SPME) with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME), stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and microextraction in packed sorbent (MEPS). We also describe liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) approaches reported in the literature that are applied to the determination of steroid hormones.     

金属检测中新型前处理技术研究进展及应用

精准检测环境和食品中金属含量对环境保护和人体健康至关重要.样品的准备环节是造成样品损失和二次污染的关键步骤, 因此合适的前处理方法可以提高金属分析的选择性和灵敏度.从液相萃取和非液相萃取新技术两方面综述了浊点萃取、离子液体、超分子溶剂-分散液液微萃取、顶空固相微萃取技术、超临界流体萃取特点及在复杂样品前处理中的应用和研究进展, 并对其未来发展方向进行了展望.