SnO_2-SiO_2负载Cu、Ni催化剂的CO_2加氢反应性能

采用表面反应改性法制备了SnO2 SiO2 (SnSiO)表面复合物载体 ,用等体积浸渍法制备了SnSiO担载的Cu Ni双金属催化剂。借助BET、XRD、TPR、IR和微反等技术研究了SnSiO及其负载的Ni、Cu双金属催化剂的表面构造、化学吸附及CO2 加氢反应性能。结果表明 :SnSiO是SnO2 单分子层价联于SiO2 表面的复合氧化物 ,仍保持类似SiO2载体的孔结构和比表面 ;SnO2 引入SiO2 表面后可以有效地促进CuO、NiO的还原 ,还原后成为负载在SnSiO载体表面的Cu Ni合金 ;CO2 在负载型Cu Ni合金表面Cu或表面Ni位上发生化学吸附 ,形成线式和剪式吸附态 ;CO2 在催化剂上的加氢反应产物主要是CH3 OH、CH4 、CO和H2 O ,生成CH3 OH的选择性与催化剂组成及反应条件密切相关。Cu Ni催化剂 ,在 0 5MPa ,170℃ ,H2 /CO2 (mol/mol)为 3的条件下 ,CH3 OH的选择性达到 84 6 %。     

ZrO2—SiO2负载Cu—Ni催化剂的CO2加氢反应性能

采用表面反应改性法,制备了ZrO2-SiO2（ZrSiO)表面复合物载体,用等体积浸渍法制备了ZrSiO担载的Cu-Ni双金属催化剂,借助BET、TPR、IR和微反等技术,研究了ZrSiO及其负载的Ni、Cu双金属催化剂的表面构造,化学吸附及催化CO2加氢的反应性能,结果表明,ZrSiO表面主要是价联型结构,ZrO2引入SiO2表面,可以有效地促进CuO和NiO的还原,在ZrSiO负载的Cu-Ni催化剂表面的Cu或Ni位,CO2发生化学 吸附形成线、剪式、卧式吸附态,在该催化剂上CO2的加氢反应产物主要是CH3OH3、CH4、CO和H2O生成CH3OH的选择性与催化剂组成及反应条件密切相关,在适当的条件,CH3OH的选择性大于90％。     

K2O助剂对合成碳酸二甲酯用Cu/Ni/ZrO2-SiO2催化剂的吸附和催化性能的影响

 用等体积浸渍法制备了ZrO2－SiO2（ZrSiO）表面复合氧化物负载的Cu－Ni催化剂,并用IR,TPR,TPD及微反技术考察了K2O助剂对CO2和CH3OH在Cu－Ni／ZrSiO催化剂表面上的吸附及合成碳酸二甲酯（DMC）反应性能的影响．结果表明：加入K2O助剂使CO2在催化剂表面上的吸附增强,当n（K）／n（Cu＋Ni）＝15％时,CO2在催化剂表面上吸附后生成K2CO3;CH3OH在催化剂表面上的解离吸附态（CH3O－和H＋）的吸附减弱;CO2和CH3OH在Cu－Ni／ZrSiO催化剂表面上反应的主要产物为DMC,H2O,CO和CH2O;随着K2O助剂的加入,反应转化率及DMC选择性提高,副产物（CO和CH2O）的选择性下降．根据实验结果,探讨了K2O对催化剂表面活性中心电荷分布的影响．     

CO2和CH3OH直接合成碳酸二甲酯Cu-Ni/V2O5-SiO2催化剂

采用表面反应改性法制备了V2O5 SiO2(VSiO)表面复合物 ,用等体积浸渍法制备了VSiO担载的Cu Ni双金属催化剂 ,用IR、TPD、TPSR和微反技术研究了CO2 和CH3OH在催化剂表面上的化学吸附与反应性能.结果表明,在Cu Ni/VSiO催化剂上存在着金属位Cu Ni合金、Lewis酸位Vn 和Lewis碱位V=O三类活性中心 ;CO2 在金属位和Lewis酸位协同作用下可生成CO2卧式吸附态M -(CO) -O→Vn ,此吸附态在138℃左右可解离成M -CO和V=O ;CH3OH在Lewis酸位和Lewis碱位协同作用下可形成解离吸附态V -OCH3和V -OH ;CO2 和CH3OH在Cu Ni/VSiO催化剂表面上的反应产物主要为碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、CH2O、CO和H2O ,其生成DMC的选择性在85%以上.     

K_2O助剂对合成碳酸二甲酯用Cu-Ni/MoO_3-SiO_2催化剂吸附和反应性能的影响

用等体积浸渍法制备了MoO3 SiO2 (MoSiO)表面复合氧化物负载的Cu Ni K2 O催化剂。利用IR ,TPR ,TPD以及微反技术研究了K2 O助剂对CO2 和CH3OH在Cu Ni MoSiO催化剂表面上吸附和合成DMC(碳酸二甲酯 )反应性能的影响。结果表明 :K2 O助剂的加入 ,使CO2 在催化剂表面吸附强度增加 ,当K2 O含量达Cu Ni总量的 15 %时 ,CO2 在催化剂表面上吸附后生成K2 CO3;CH3OH在催化剂表面上的解离吸附态 (CH3O- H )的吸附强度减弱 ;CO2 和CH3OH在Cu Ni K2 O MoSiO催化剂表面反应主要产物为DMC ,H2 O ,CO和CH2 O。随着K2 O助剂的加入 ,反应转化率在 10 %之前增加 ,之后下降 ,DMC选择性稍有提高。副产物 (CO和CH2 O)的选择性下降。根据实验结果探讨了K2 O对催化剂表面活性中心的电荷分布的影响。     

CO2和CH3OH直接合成碳酸二甲酯用Cu-Ni/ZrO2-SiO2催化剂

 采用表面反应改性法制备了ZrO2－SiO2（ZrSiO）表面复合物,用等体积浸渍法制备了ZrSiO担载的Cu－Ni双金属催化剂,并用IR,TPD,TPSR和微反技术考察了CO2和CH3OH在催化剂表面上的化学吸附及反应性能．实验结果表明：在Cu－Ni／ZrSiO催化剂上存在着Cu－Ni金属位M,Lewis酸位Zrn＋和Lewis碱位Zr－O－三类活性中心;CO2在金属位和Lewis酸位的协同作用下可形成CO2卧式吸附态,此吸附态在142℃左右可解离成M－CO和Zr－O－;CH3OH在Lewis酸位和Lewis碱位的协同作用下可形成解离吸附态Zr－OCH3和Zr－OH;CO2和CH3OH在Cu－Ni／ZrSiO催化剂表面上的主要反应产物为碳酸二甲酯（选择性在85％以上）,另有少量的CH2O,CO和H2O．     

Ni(OCH3)2/SiO2催化剂的制备及其合成碳酸二甲酯的反应性能

采用表面改性和离子交换相结合的方法，制备了负载型单核金属甲氧基配合物Ni(OCH3)2/SiO2催化剂。利用IR、TPD、TPSR和微反技术，考察了催化剂的表面结构以及CO2、CH3OH在催化剂表面上的化学吸附和反应性能。结果表明，负载型单核金属甲氧基配合物Ni(OCH3)2/SiO2中，Ni^2 与载体SiO2表面的O^2-以双齿形式配位；在催化剂表面存在CO2的桥式吸附态和甲氧碳酸酯基物种两种吸附态，CH3OH则只有一种分子吸附态。在373-473K条件下，CO2和CH3OH在催化剂上的反应物主要是DMC、H2O以及少量的CO、CH4和CH2O，催化剂的活性由表面甲氧碳酸酯基物种与分子吸附态甲醇的反应决定的。讨论了催化剂上CO2和CH3OH的活化过程及吸附态的形成机理。     

K2O助剂对合成碳酸二甲酯用Cu—Ni／MoO3—SiO2催化剂吸附和反应性能的影响

用等体积浸渍法制备了MoO3-SiO2(MoSiO)表面复合氧化物负载的Cu-Ni-K2O催化剂。利用IR,TPR,TPD以及微反技术研究了K2O助剂对CO2和CH3OH在Cu-Ni/MoSiO催化剂表面上吸附和合成DMC（碳酸二甲酯）反应性能的影响。结果表明：K2O助剂的加入,使CO2在催化剂表面吸附强度增加,当K2O含量达Cu-Ni总量的15%时,CO2在催化剂表面上吸附后生成K2CO3;CH3OH在催化剂表面上的解离吸附态（CH3O^- H^ ）的吸附强度减弱;CO2和CH3OH和Cu-Ni-K2O/MoSiO催化剂表面反应主要产物为DMC,H2O,CO和CH2O。随着K2O助剂的加入,反应转化率在10%之前增加,之后下降,DMC选择性稍有提高。副产物（CO和CH2O）的选择性下降。根据实验结果探讨了K2O对催化剂表面活性中心的电荷分布的影响。     

Cu/NiO-MoO3/SiO2光催化CO2与CH3OH合成碳酸二甲酯的反应性能

 采用表面改性法制备了MoO3-SiO2复合氧化物,用等体积浸渍法制备了Cu/NiO-MoO3/SiO2光催化剂,并用XRD, Raman, IR, TPD-MS, UV-Vis DRS和光促表面反应研究了催化剂的结构、化学吸附性能、吸光性能和光促CO2与CH3OH合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的反应性能. 结果表明, Cu和NiO的引入提高了MoO3在SiO2表面的分散度,且Cu和NiO在MoO3-SiO2表面分散均匀; 在金属Cu位和Lewis酸位Mo6+(或Ni2+)的协同作用下, CO2在催化剂表面形成活性较高的的卧式吸附态, CH3OH在催化剂表面形成分子吸附态和解离吸附态; NiO与MoO3复合后部分形成了 Mo-O-Ni 键联,提高了对光的吸收强度; 金属Cu的负载扩展了材料在可见光范围的吸收; 与热表面催化相比,光催化反应在较低的温度下就能显著进行,并提高了CH3OH的转化率,在110 ℃常压和空速300 h-1的条件下,CH3OH转化率可达13.9%,DMC选择性可达90.1%.     

Ni2(OCH3)2/SiO2催化剂上CO2和CH3 OH的吸附和反应性能

采用表面改性和离子交换相结合的方法制备了Ni2(OCH3)2/SiO2负载型双核金属甲氧基配合物催化剂,利用红外光谱(IR)、程序升温脱附(TPD)、程序升温表面反应(TPSR)和微反技术考察了催化剂的表面结构以及CO2和CH3OH的化学吸附和反应性能.结果表明:Ni2(OCH3)2/SiO2中Ni2+与载体SiO2表面O2-以双齿配位形式键合,甲氧基以桥基形式联结双金属离子形成双核物种Ni2(OCH3)2;CO2在催化剂表面存在甲氧碳酸酯基物种和桥式两种吸附态,CH3OH则只有一种分子吸附态;在100～200℃条件下,CO2和CH3OH在催化剂上的反应产物主要是DMC和H2O;根据反应结果,讨论了催化反应机理.     

Intermolecular forces for D2, N2, O2, F2 and CO2

The intermolecular potentials for D₂, N₂, O₂, F₂ and CO₂ are determined on the basis of the second virial coeffincients, the polarizabilities parallel and perpendicular to the molecular axes, and the electric quadrupole moment. The repulsive parts of the potentials are taken from the corresponding Kihara core-potentials. Effects of the octopolar induction are taken into consideration in a unique way. The potential depends on relative orientations of the two molecules as well as the distance r between the molecular centers. This dependence is shown in graphs. A measure of the anisotropy of the potential depth is 0.72 for CO₂ 0.36 for D₂, and smaller than 0.27 for N₂ O₂ and F₂. The remarkable anisotropy for CO₂ and D₂ is due to strong electrostatic quadrupole interactions.     

配合物[Cu(H2O)(C12H8N2)2].2ClO4的合成、性质及晶体结构

合成了配合物[Cu(H2O)(C12H8N2)2]*2ClO4(C12H8N2为1,10-邻菲咯啉),用元素分析、摩尔电导、红外光谱及电子光谱进行了表征,并测定了配合物的晶体结构.该晶体属单斜晶系,空间群为CC;晶胞参数a=1.9177(2)nm,b=0.81994(0)nm,c=1.62458(14)nm,β=100.104(6)°;V=2.5419(4)nm3,Z=4,F(000)=1300,DC=1.693g/cm3,R=0.0430,wR=0.1195.中心铜(Ⅱ)离子与两个1,10-邻菲咯啉的四个N原子和一个水分子的氧原子配位,形成了一个变形的三角双锥结构.     

Ba3 (VO4)2-K2 Ba(MoO4)2 and Pb3 (VO4)2-K2 Pb(MoO4)2 systems

Phase equilibria in the Ba₃(VO₄)₂-K₂Ba(MoO₄)₂ and Pb3(VO₄)₂-K₂Pb(MoO₄)₂ systems have been investigated. In the first system, a continuous series of substitutional solid solutions with the palmierite structure is formed, and in the second one, the polymorphic transition in lead orthovanadate at 100°C restricts the extent of the palmierite-type solid solution to 10–100 mol % K₂Pb(MoO₄)₂. Original Russian Text ? V.D. Zhuravlev, Yu.A. Velikodnyi, A.S. Vinogradova-Zhabrova, A.P. Tyutyunnik, V.G. Zubkov, 2008, published in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2008, Vol. 53, No. 10, pp. 1746–1748.     

The preparation of NbH5(Me2PCH2CH2Me2)2 and NbHL2(Me2PCH2CH2PMe2)2 (L = CO or C2H4)

MMe₅(dmpe) (M = Nb or Ta, dmpe = Me₂PCH₂CH₂PMe₂) reacts with H₂ (500 atm) and dmpe in THF at 60°C to give MH₅(dmpe)_2? NbH₅(dmpe)₂ readily reacts with two mol of CO or ethylene (L) to give NbHL₂(dmpe)₂. The exchange of the hydride ligand with the ethylene protons in NbH(C₂H₄)₂(dmpe)₂ is not rapid on the ¹H NMR time scale (60 MHz) at 95°C.     

Zur Trennung von H2, O2, N2, NO, CO, N2O, CO2, C2H6, C2H4, C2H2, NO2(N2O4) und Feuchtigkeit

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Phase transitions in Ca3(BN2)2 and Sr3(BN2)2

α-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ crystallizes in the cubic system (space group: ) with one type of calcium ions disordered over of equivalent (8c) positions. An ordered low-temperature phase (β-Ca₃(BN₂)₂) was prepared and found to crystallize in the orthorhombic system (space group: Cmca) with lattice parameters: , , and . Structure refinements on the basis of X-ray powder data have revealed that orthorhombic β-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ corresponds to an ordered super-structure of cubic α-Ca₃(BN₂)₂. The space group Cmca assigned for β-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ is derived from by a group-subgroup relationship.DSC measurements and temperature-dependent in situ X-ray powder diffraction studies showed reversible phase transitions between β- and α-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ with transition temperatures between 215 and 240 °C.The structure Sr₃(BN₂)₂ was reported isotypic with α-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ () with one type of strontium ions being disordered over of equivalent (2c) positions. In addition, a primitive () structure has been reported for Sr₃(BN₂)₂. Phase stability studies on Sr₃(BN₂)₂ revealed a phase transition between a primitive and a body-centred lattice around 820 °C. The experiments showed that both previously published structures are correct and can be assigned as α-Sr₃(BN₂)₂ (, high-temperature phase), and β-Sr₃(BN₂)₂ (, low-temperature phase).A comparison of Ca₃(BN₂)₂ and Sr₃(BN₂)₂ phases reveals that the different types of cation disordering present in both of the cubic α-phases () have a directing influence on the formation of two distinct (orthorhombic and cubic) low-temperature phases.     

Conversion of NO in NO/N2, NO/O2/N2, NO/C2H4/N2 and NO/C2H4/O2/N2 Systems by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasmas

An experimental study on the conversion of NO in the NO/N₂, NO/O₂/N₂, NO/C₂H₄/N₂ and NO/C₂H₄/O₂/N₂ systems has been carried out using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasmas at atmospheric pressure. In the NO/N₂ system, NO decomposition to N₂ and O₂ is the dominating reaction; NO conversion to NO₂ is less significant. O₂ produced from NO decomposition was detected by an on-line mass spectrometer. With the increase of NO initial concentration, the concentration of O₂ produced decreases at 298 K, but slightly increases at 523 K. In the NO/O₂/N₂ system, NO is mainly oxidized to NO₂, but NO conversion becomes very low at 523 K and over 1.6% of O₂. In the NO/C₂H₄/N₂ system, NO is reduced to N₂ with about the same NO conversion as that in the NO/N₂ system but without NO₂ formation. In the NO/C₂H₄/O₂/N₂ system, the oxidation of NO to NO₂ is dramatically promoted. At 523 K, with the increase of the energy density, NO conversion increases rapidly first, and then almost stabilizes at 93–91% of NO conversion with 61–55% of NO₂ selectivity in the energy density range of 317–550 J L⁻¹. It finally decreases gradually at high energy density. A negligible amount of N₂O is formed in the above four systems. Of the four systems studied, NO conversion and NO₂ selectivity of the NO/C₂H₄/O₂/N₂ system are the highest, and NO/O₂/C₂H₄/N₂ system has the lowest electrical energy consumption per NO molecule converted.     

Formation of [Cp2TiSbMe2]2, [Cp2TiSb(SiMe3)2]2 and [Cp2TiCl]2·2Mes4Sb2

Reactions of [Cp₂Ti(btmsa)] (btmsa = bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene) with R₄Sb₂ (R = Me, Me₃Si) give [Cp₂TiSbMe₂]₂ (1) or [Cp₂TiSb(SiMe₃)₂]₂ (2) respectively. [Cp₂TiCl]₂·2Mes₄Sb₂ (3) is serendipitously formed from [Cp₂Ti(btmsa)] and Mes₂SbH containing NH₄Cl traces.     

Synthesis and structural investigation of the compounds containing HF2 anions: Ca(HF2)2, Ba4F4(HF2)(PF6)3 and Pb2F2(HF2)(PF6)

Three new compounds Ca(HF₂)₂, Ba₄F₄(HF₂)(PF₆)₃ and Pb₂F₂(HF₂)(PF₆) were obtained in the system metal(II) fluoride and anhydrous HF (aHF) acidified with excessive PF₅. The obtained polymeric solids are slightly soluble in aHF and they crystallize out of their aHF solutions. Ca(HF₂)₂ was prepared by simply dissolving CaF₂ in a neutral aHF. It represents the second known compound with homoleptic HF environment of the central atom besides Ba(H₃F₄)₂. The compounds Ba₄F₄(HF₂)(PF₆)₃ and Pb₂F₂(HF₂)(PF₆) represent two additional examples of the formation of a polymeric zigzag ladder or ribbon composed of metal cation and fluoride anion (MF⁺)_n besides PbF(AsF₆), the first isolated compound with such zigzag ladder. The obtained new compounds were characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction method and partly by Raman spectroscopy. Ba₄F₄(HF₂)(PF₆)₃ crystallizes in a triclinic space group P1¯ with a=4.5870(2) Å, b=8.8327(3) Å, c=11.2489(3) Å, α=67.758(9)°, β=84.722(12), γ=78.283(12)°, V=413.00(3) Å³ at 200 K, Z=1 and R=0.0588. Pb₂F₂(HF₂)(PF₆) at 200 K: space group P1¯, a=4.5722(19) Å, b=4.763(2) Å, c=8.818(4) Å, α=86.967(10)°, β=76.774(10)°, γ=83.230(12)°, V=185.55(14) ų, Z=1 and R=0.0937. Pb₂F₂(HF₂)(PF₆) at 293 K: space group P1¯, a=4.586(2) Å, b=4.781(3) Å, c=8.831(5) Å, α=87.106(13)°, β=76.830(13)°, γ=83.531(11)°, V=187.27(18) Å³, Z=1 and R=0.072. Ca(HF₂)₂ crystallizes in an orthorhombic Fddd space group with a=5.5709(6) Å, b=10.1111(9) Å, c=10.5945(10) Å, V=596.77(10) Å³ at 200 K, Z=8 and R=0.028.     

Vapour-liquid equilibrium data for the systems C2H6 + N2, C2H4 + N2, C3H8 + N2, and C3H6 + N2

High pressure vapour-liquid equilibrium data for the C₂H₆ + N₂, C₂H₄ + N₂, C₃H₈ + N₂, and C₃H₆ + N₂ systems are presented. The data are obtained isothermally in the range from 200 K to 290 K. For each point of data, temperature, pressure and liquid and vapour phase mole fractions are measured.Values for the vapour phase mole fractions are calculated from the obtained pressure, temperature and liquid phase mole fractions. The calculated values are compared with the experimental results, and it is found that the average mean deviation between calculated and experimental mole fractions is less than 0.009 for the systems considered in this work.