细菌变异株生长热谱研究

用微量热法研究微生物的生长与代谢,是生物热力学一个新的研究领域.我们已经测得细菌生长的完整热谱,这种热谱具有良好的重现性和明显的特征性,可以作为细菌的“指纹图”对其进行种的分类和鉴定[1～5].但在研究中发现,同种细菌不同变异株的生长图谱略有差异,若培养基选择?..     

盐生盐杆菌生长过程热动力学研究

用 LKB2 2 77生物活性检测系统测定了盐生盐杆菌 R1、J7、S9以及 R1和 J7的融合子 F9生长的产热功率曲线 .根据曲线的特征 ,建立了古生菌生长过程的热动力学方程 :ln[P· ( 1 -P/Pm) r- 1 ]=ln[P0 · ( 1 -P0 /Pm) r- 1 ]+k· t.由此求得了盐生盐杆菌的生长速率常数 ,并对此模型和融合子 F9的生长进行了讨论 .该热动力学方程描述了一系列非理想的细菌生长过程的产热功率曲线 ,并将其与经典的指数式生长模型和 lo-gistic模型进行了比较 ,它具有更广泛的适用性 .首次报道了微量热技术在古生菌中的应用     

左金丸及类方HPLC指纹图谱与生物热活性的“谱-效”关系研究

HPLC法建立左金丸及类方水提液的特征指纹图谱, 计算各特征峰的相对峰面积, 并采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统A版(2004 A)计算类方间的相似度; 微量热法测定大肠杆菌在左金丸及类方水提液作用下的热谱曲线, 得到相应的热动力学参数, 如生长速率常数k, 最大产热功率Pm, 最高峰的出峰时间tm和总产热量Qt等, 并对这些热动力学参数进行主成份分析. 典型相关分析法对左金丸及类方HPLC 指纹图谱中特征峰的相对峰面积与其类方作用下大肠杆菌生长代谢的主要热动力学参数相关联, 研究“谱-效”相关性. 结果表明, HPLC 指纹图谱与生物热活性存在很好的相关性, 类方中吴茱萸次碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱的含量差异是导致其生物热活性不同的主要原因.     

4-氟苯甲醛丙氨酸席夫碱的合成及其IR和Raman光谱分析

席夫碱及其金属配合物具有杀菌、抗菌、植物生长调节等生理活性,在医药、农药等领域有广泛的应用前景[1-2].含氟席夫碱及其配合物具有独特的生物活性, 在医药研究中备受关注[3-4]; 氨基酸席夫碱一直是人们感兴趣的研究课题,但对含氟的氨基酸席夫碱的研究未见报道.本文报道了4-氟苯甲醛与丙氨酸形成的席夫碱的合成方法及利用1H NMR、红外光谱、拉曼光谱、热重分析等测试手段进行表征的结果,化合物的生物活性研究正在进行.     

环境气氛对微量热安瓿法测定细菌生长速率常数的干扰

采用微量热安瓿法测定细菌生长时,发现细菌的代谢产热曲线在第一指数生长期内出现了停留法没有报导过的显著分阶段现象,且在不同的阶段生长速率常数有很大差异,对药物抗菌性能的评估造成极大干扰.为了寻找此现象的可能原因,以具有代表性的兼性细菌大肠杆菌为例,设计了微量热安瓿法实验,考察了不同环境气氛下大肠杆菌的生长代谢产热;并模拟了停留法条件下细菌的生长环境,通过安瓿法测定了大肠杆菌的生长代谢产热,重新解析了这些条件下细菌的生长速率常数.结果表明环境气氛是造成此现象的主要可能因素,并为在不同环境气氛下采用微量热安瓿法准确评估细菌的生长速率提供了一个可参考的标准.     

硝酸镧引起Escherichia coli B代谢过程热爆发及其机理研究

采用微量热法研究了硝酸镧对Escherichia coli B生长代谢过程的影响, 发现高浓度硝酸镧引起E. coli B热谱图出现异常变化: 生长速率常数k值增大、产热峰显著升高和总发热量异常增加. 当硝酸镧浓度为300和500 mg/L时, 培养物在培养过程的总发热量分别是正常条件下的3.89和2.54倍. 用生物学方法对细胞存活率和生物量进行测定结果表明, 细胞在高浓度硝酸镧条件下增殖受到抑制、细胞生物量减少. 表明高浓度的硝酸镧存在时, E. coli B细胞生长受到抑制反而释放出比正常生长细胞多得多的热量, 将抑制状态细胞释放大量热量的现象称为热爆发. 分析热爆发的原因, 认为是La^3＋离子破坏细胞壁外膜而增加其透性, 导致细胞膜与外膜间的质子电化学势因质子外泄而降低或者不能形成, 氧化磷酸化过程中的能量不能有效地转化为ATP, 而以热能的方式释放出来. 细胞由于缺乏生物通用能量ATP, 因而其生长受到抑制.     

乙腈介质中S-NO键异裂能和均裂能的测定

近年来, 大量研究表明, 一氧化氮在许多生命过程(如免疫、神经传导和血管扩张等)中发挥着十分重要的作用[1～4]. 然而, 文献[5]的研究表明, NO在生命体内很少以游离形式存在, 绝大部分都是与生命体内活线性分子结合着, 其中NO与有机硫以S-NO键方式结合形成的NO蕴合物(Nitric oxide-generating agent)被认为是NO在生命体内贮存、 转移和释放最主要的分子源[5]. 因此, 系统研究各种类型硫键NO蕴合物中S-NO键的断裂能, 可以诠释和预测NO在生命体内的转移方向和转移机制. 由于这一原因, S-NO键断裂能的研究是当今许多键能化学家正致力于解决的最热门课题之一. 10多年来, 我们从事的化学键键能研究, 已为这一领域的深入研究奠定了基础. 前文[6～8]根据热力学循环利用滴定量热法成功地测得了多个系列的N-NO键的异裂能和均裂能. 最近, 我们在此工作的基础上, 通过改变热力学循环方式又成功地利用滴定量热法测得了12个S-亚硝基化合物中的S-NO键的异裂能和均裂能, 其中9个为芳香体系, 3个为脂肪体系, 分别模拟生命体系内芳香体系和脂肪体系中的S-NO键. 本文首次报道其实验结果, 并进行一些讨论.     

相转移催化合成双(2-苯并咪唑)二硫醚化合物

苯并咪唑是一类存在于多种药物中的重要结构单元,许多苯并咪唑类化合物在生物体中,参与了重要的生物化学反应,对生命活动起着重要的作用.有的对植物的生长有一定的作用,有抗病毒作用;有的作为杀菌剂;有的作为螯合剂广泛使用.许多烷基苯并咪唑具有抗维生素B12的活性,其中一些具有抗病毒的性质[1].此外,由于其具有良好的荧光物性,还可作为分子探针[2].苯并咪唑环与镧系元素的配合物有光致发光性能[3].因此,合成具有苯并咪唑结构的化合物对研究开发荧光分子探针、高选择性的催化剂和生物活性化合物有着十分重要的意义.     

镨对镉毒害下小麦种子萌发的缓解效应

重金属镉作为毒性较高的环境毒物,不仅危害植物的生长和发育,也对人类健康带来严重威胁。以小麦为试验对象,在200μmol.L-1镉胁迫下,研究了镨对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响,研究结果表明,200μmol.L-1镉胁迫下,小麦种子萌发过程中根生长、根尖细胞有丝分裂指数、α-淀粉酶、APX及CAT的活性明显受到抑制,而MDA含量明显增加。20~80 mg.L-1镨浸种24 h,对200μmo.lL-1镉胁迫下小麦种子的萌发及根、芽的生长具有一定缓解作用,且以40 mg.L-1镨的效果最好,在该浓度下,根长、根鲜重、发芽指数及活力指数明显提高;同时,可提高根尖有丝分裂指数,增强α-淀粉酶活性,提高抗氧化能力,使MDA含量显著降低。然而,100~150 mg.L-1的镨浸种后,种子活力及幼苗生长下降,根尖细胞分裂指数、α-淀粉酶活性降低,MDA含量增加。     

CaMoO4微晶生长过程的原位微量热法研究

在碱性条件下采用原位微量热法对CaMoO4微晶的构建进行了研究. 首次呈现了CaMoO4微晶生长过程能量变化的特征热谱曲线; 该特征热谱曲线由一个反映最初反应成核的典型吸热曲线和随后晶体生长的两个相对较弱的不连续放热曲线组成. 在导向机制的基础上, 结合CaMoO4微晶生长过程的形貌演变, 简要地讨论了CaMoO4微晶生长过程的热动力学信息. 反应成核过程、晶化过程及微晶的二次生长过程的速率常数分别为1.54×10-4、1.09×10-4和0.71×10-4 s-1. 由于晶体的聚集和扩散二者之间强烈的相互作用, 使得反应速率下降, 从而呈现出一个相对较平坦的第二次放热曲线.     

Effects of Oxygen (O2) Plasma Treatment in Promoting the Germination and Growth of Chili

In general, seed germination is improved by low-pressure plasma treatment using precursors such as air, nitrogen, O_2, and argon, etc. For the first time, low-pressure O₂ plasma was used to treat chili seeds in this study. When compared to untreated and vacuum-treated seeds, O₂ plasma treatment using the discharge power of 80 W for 60 s significantly improves chili seed germination and growth. The effect of vacuum on the germination and growth of chili seeds was also studied and shown to be negligible. The physical and chemical changes induced by O₂ plasma treatment were investigated to understand the plasma treatment to germination improvement. Combinatory etching and chemical modification aided imbibition and increased germination percentage in this O₂ plasma treatment on chili seeds. The success of this method has the potential to be scaled up to solve food security issues with seeds that would otherwise struggle to germinate.

     

Growth and production of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) treated with reduced, ambient, and enhanced UV-B radiation

The effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. variety 'Darja'), an important high elevation crop, was studied in order to estimate its vulnerability in changing UV-B environment. Plants were grown in outdoor experiments from July to October under reduced and ambient UV-B levels, and an UV-B level simulating 17% ozone depletion in Ljubljana. During the development the following parameters were monitored: light saturated photosynthetic activity, transpiration, potential and effective photochemical efficiencies of photosystem II, the contents of photosynthetic pigments and methanol soluble UV-B absorbing compounds. At the end of the experiment, growth rate and production of seeds were estimated. In the following growth season the seeds collected from plants exposed to different UV-B treatments were tested for germination capacity. Total UV-B absorbing compounds during plant development were increased by UV-B radiation, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids) decreased. Photosynthetic rate was lowered in an early stage of development. UV-B treatment resulted in the increase in the transpiration rate and consequently the decrease in water use efficiency (WUE). The disturbances in water economy and in photosynthesis affected the reproduction potential negatively; the production of seeds in plants cultivated under ambient and enhanced UV-B was 57 and 39% of the production of specimens treated with reduced UV-B, respectively. The germination of seeds collected from treated plants revealed on average about 95% success, independently of the treatment, but the time needed for germination was the shortest for seeds developed under enhanced UV-B level treatment. Enhanced UV-B radiation affected water relations and production of buckwheat, but not the potential of seeds for germination.     

Magnetic Field Treatments Improves Sunflower Yield by Inducing Physiological and Biochemical Modulations in Seeds

Magnetic seed enhancement has been practicing as a promising tool to improve germination and seedling growth of low vigor seeds stored under suboptimal conditions, but there is still ambiguity regarding the prospects for magnetism in oilseeds. Present study elucidates the potential of magnetic seed stimulation to improve sunflower germination, growth and yield. Germination and emergence tests were performed to optimize the strength of the magnetic field to sunflower seed enhancement. The seeds were directly exposed to magnetic field strengths of 50, 100 and 150 millitesla (mT) for 5, 10 and 15 min (min) and then standard germination tests were performed. Secondly, the emergence potential of untreated seeds was compared with seed exposed to hydropriming, priming with 3% moringa leaf extract (MLE), priming with magnetically treated water (MTW) for 10 min and priming with 3% MLE solution prepared in magnetically treated water (MTW + MLE). Germination, emergence, seedling growth and seed biochemical properties were used to select the best treatment for field evaluation. The results of the study revealed that magnetic seed treatment with 100 mT for 10 min and seed priming with 3% MLE solution in magnetically treated water (MTW + MLE) significantly improved emergence, crop growth rate and sunflower yield.     

Effects of Different Doses of Low Power Continuous Wave He–Ne Laser Radiation on Some Seed Thermodynamic and Germination Parameters,and Potential Enzymes Involved in Seed Germination of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

In this study, water-soaked seeds of sunflower were exposed to He–Ne laser irradiation of different energies to determine whether or not He–Ne laser irradiation caused changes to seed thermodynamic and germination parameters as well as effects on the activities of germination enzymes. The experiment comprised four energy levels: 0 (control), 100, 300 and 500 mJ of laser energy and each treatment replicated four times arranged in a completely randomized design. The experimentation was performed under the greenhouse conditions in the net-house of the Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The seed thermodynamic parameters were calculated according to seed germination thermograms determined with a calorimeter at 25.8°C for 72 h. Various thermodynamic parameters of seed (ΔH, (ΔS)_e, (ΔS)_c, (ΔS)_e/Δt and (ΔS)_c/Δt) were affected significantly due to presowing laser treatment. Significant changes in seed germination parameters and enzyme activities were observed in seeds treated with He–Ne laser. The He–Ne laser seed treatment resulted in increased activities of amylase and protease. These results indicate that the low power continuous wave He–Ne laser light seed treatment has considerable biological effects on seed metabolism. This seed treatment technique can be potentially employed to enhance agricultural productivity.     

新型N,N′-二(邻氧乙酸)苄叉乙二胺合钴(Ⅱ)和N-(邻氧乙酸)苄叉乙二胺合铜(Ⅱ)的合成、 晶体结构及生物有效性研究

在水溶液中, 将N,N′-二(邻氧乙酸)苄叉乙二胺(1)与氯化钴(Ⅱ)反应, 获得配合物Co(Ⅱ)L1·H2O(2)［L1=N,N′-二(邻氧乙酸)苄叉乙二胺］; 将邻氧乙酸苯甲醛、 乙二胺与氯化铜(Ⅱ)反应, 获得Cu(Ⅱ)ClL2·2H2O(3)［L2=N-(邻氧乙酸)苄叉乙二胺］. 用元素分析、 1 H NMR和IR等方法对所合成的化合物1和配合物2和3进行了结构表征, 并测定了配合物2和3的晶体结构. 黄豆种子经不同浓度配合物2和3处理均能萌发, 但发芽率、 发芽指数和活力指数均比对照组低， 说明配合物2和3随着溶液浓度的增加对黄豆种子萌发和幼苗生长产生一定的阻滞作用.     

Rhizonin A from Burkholderia sp. KCTC11096 and its growth promoting role in lettuce seed germination

We isolated and identified a gibberellin-producing Burkholderia sp. KCTC 11096 from agricultural field soils. The culture filtrate of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) significantly increased the germination and growth of lettuce and Chinese cabbage seeds. The ethyl acetate extract of the PGPR culture showed significantly higher rate of lettuce seed germination and growth as compared to the distilled water treated control. The ethyl acetate fraction of the Burkholderia sp. was subjected to bioassay-guided isolation and we obtained for the first time from a Burkholderia sp. the plant growth promoting compound rhizonin A (1), which was characterized through NMR and MS techniques. Application of various concentrations of 1 significantly promoted the lettuce seed germination as compared to control.     

Influence of Helium-Neon Laser Irradiation on Seed Germination In Vitro and Physico-Biochemical Characters in Seedlings of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) var. Mattu Gulla

In the present study, the seeds of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) var. Mattu Gulla were irradiated with single exposure of He–Ne laser at different doses of 5–40 J cm^?2 and germinated aseptically. Thirty day old seedlings were harvested and the germination, growth, physiological and biochemical parameters were estimated and compared with un‐irradiated control seedlings. A significant enhancement in growth characters were noted with respect to length, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots. In addition, chlorophyll (a and b), carotenoid content, anthocyanin and amylases (α and β) activities were found to be altered. Significant alterations in percentage of seed germination (P < 0.001) and time to 50% germination (P < 0.001) were observed in the irradiated seeds compared with the un‐irradiated controls. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that low dose (5–30 J cm^?2) of He–Ne laser irradiation enhanced the germination process and altered growth, by positively influencing physiological and biochemical parameters of the brinjal seedlings compared with un‐irradiated control under in vitro conditions.     

Effect of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma on the Wheat Seedlings Vigor and on the Inactivation of Microorganisms on the Seeds Surface

Effects of a cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) treatment on the germination, production of biomass, vigor of seedlings, uptake of water of wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Eva) were investigated. The CAPP treatment influence on the inactivation of microorganisms occurring on the surface of wheat seeds was investigated also. The so-called Diffuse Coplanar Surface Barrier Discharge generating a cold plasma in ambient air with high power volume density of some 100 W/cm³ was used for the treatment of seeds at exposure times in the range of 10–600 s. The optical emission spectroscopy and the electrical measurements were used for estimation of CAPP parameters. The obtained results indicate that the germination rate, dry weight and vigor of seedlings significantly increased for plasma treatment from 20 to 50 s. The plasma treatment of seeds led to an extensive increase in wettability and faster germination comparing with the untreated seeds. The growth inhibition effect of CAPP on the surface microflora of wheat seeds increased with the increase of the treatment time. The efficiency of the treatment of wheat seeds artificially contaminated with pure cultures of filamentous fungi decreased in the following order: Fusarium nivale > F. culmorum > Trichothecium roseum > Aspergillus flavus > A. clavatus.     

Stimulation of the Germination and Early Growth of Tomato Seeds by Non-thermal Plasma

The influence of non-thermal plasma on tomato seeds has been investigated using a fluidized bed dielectric barrier discharge generated in air. It was found that plasma-treated seeds germinate faster than untreated ones. Plasma slightly enhanced germination rate and considerably influenced growth parameters. Seedling length and weight are significantly higher than those of untreated seeds. The influence of plasma exposure is more visible on the plant roots, which are substantially longer and more branched. An increase in weight of 20–40% was observed for the plants grown from treated seeds as compared to the control ones. The best results are obtained for relatively short plasma exposure, while too long treatment appears to be detrimental to the seeds.