水溶性铑－膦配合物催化1－十二碳烯常压氢甲酰化反应研究

本文研究了水溶性铑配合物ＲｈＣｌ（ＣＯ）（ＴＰＰＴＳ）２在常压（ＣＯ：Ｈ２＝１：１）条件下对１－十二碳烯氢甲酰化反应的催化性能，并对催化剂浓度、表面活性剂浓度、溶液ｐＨ值、膦铑比、溶剂等因素的变化对催化活性的影响作了考察．结果表明，表面活性剂（ＣＴＡＢ）的加入，可以在反应体系中形成胶束．加速有机相和水相间的传质速度，从而提高催化转化速度．在反应温度（８０℃）下，ＣＴＡＢ的临界胶束浓度（ＣＭＣ）较室温下高．达到最佳催化活性的ｐＨ范围为７～９，［Ｐ］／［Ｒｈ］比为１６，而有机溶剂的加入则使转化数降低．     

水溶性铑－膦配合物催化长链烯烃氢甲酰化反应研究──反应条件的影响

本文研究了两相催化体系中，在ＣＴＡＢ（Ｃ＿（１６）Ｈ＿（３３）ＮＭｅ＿３Ｂｒ）存在下，水溶性铑－膦配合物ＲｈＣｌ（ＣＯ）（ＴＰＰＴＳ）＿２对１－己烯氢甲酰化反应的催化性能，详细考察了反应温度、压力、膦／铑比等对催化活性的影响。结果表明，在１．０ＭＰａ恒压下，反应温度１００℃，膦／铑摩尔比为１６，Ｈ＿２：ＣＯ＝１：１的条件下，１－己烯氢甲酰化的转化频率（ＴＯＦ）可达到３９．８ｍｉｎ￣（－１）。在此反应条件下，有机相和水相容易分离，铑－膦配合物流失到有机相中的量极小。     

水溶性铱膦配合物催化苯乙烯加氢反应研究

合成了两种水溶性铱膦配合物，ＩｒＣｌ（ＣＯ）－（ＴＰＰＴＳＷ）２和ＨＩｒＣｌ２（ＣＯ）（ＴＰＰＴＳ）２「ＴＰＰＴＳ＝Ｐ（ｍ－Ｃ６Ｈ４ＳＯ４Ｎａ）３」，并且在两相催化反应体系中评价了它们对苯乙烯加氢活性，考察了反应温度，压力，两种相转移试剂ＣＣＴＡＢ和β－ＣＤ浓度变化对苯乙烯加氢转化率的影响。     

水溶性铑—膦配合物催化长链烯烃氢甲酰化反应研究—反应条件的影响

本文研究了两相催化体系中，在ＣＴＡＢ（Ｃ１６Ｈ３３ＮＭｅ３Ｂｒ）存在下，水溶性铑－膦配合物ＲｈＣｌ（ＣＯ）（ＴＰＰＴＳ）２对１－己烯氢甲酰化反应的催化性能，详细考察了反应温度、压力、膦／铑比等对催化活性的影响。结果表明，在１．０ＭＰａ恒压下，反应温度１００℃，膦／铑摩尔比为１６，Ｈ２：ＣＯ＝１：１的条件下，１－己烯氢甲酰化的转化频率（ＴＯＦ）可达到３９．８ｍｉｎ＾－１。在此反应条件下，有机相和水相     

维生素C对表面活性剂体系相行为的影响

维生素Ｃ（ＶＣ）能提高表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（ＣＴＡＢ）在水中的溶解度,具有助溶作用;且能提高ｎ－Ｃ５Ｈ１１ＯＨ在Ｏ／Ｗ微乳液中的增溶量和水在Ｗ／Ｏ微乳液中的增溶量,Ｏ／Ｗ与Ｗ／Ｏ微乳液区域同时扩大,具有助溶－增溶作用。ＶＣ的助溶作用与助溶－增溶作用均具有一定的选择性,只对阳离子表面活性剂ＣＴＡＢ体系有效,ＶＣ助溶－增溶作用的机理是同时增加Ｗ／Ｏ和Ｏ／Ｗ微乳液的稳定性和层状液晶向双连续结构     

两相催化体系中α，β－不饱和醛的选择性加氢反应研究Ⅰ．水溶性钌－膦配合物催化肉桂醛的加氢性能

本文研究了两种水溶性钌－膦配合物ＲｕＣｌ_２（ＴＰＰＴＳ）_３和Ｒｕｃｌ_２（ＣＯ）_２（ＴＰＰＴＳ）_２［ＴＰＰＴＳ为：Ｐ（ｍ－Ｃ_６Ｈ_４ＳＯ_３Ｎａ）_３］的合成，在水相和有机相组成的两相催化体系中，考察了它们衍生出的活性物种和以ＲｕＣｌ３－ＴＰＰＴＳ原位合成的活性物种对肉桂醛的选择加氢性能，并对反应温度（２０—８０℃），氢压（２—６ＭＰａ），催化剂浓度（１．１２×１０~（－３）～４．５０×１０~（－３）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ），配体ＴＰＰＴＳ浓度（９．０×１０~（－３）～５．４×１０~（－２）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ），表面活性剂浓度和反应时间的变化对选择加氢反应的影响进行了详细研究。实验结果表明，ＲｕＣｌ_３－ＴＰＰＴＳ原位合成配合物的催化加氢活性最高，而在金属Ｒｕ上羰基的配位将使加氢活性降低，表面活性剂ＣＴＡＢ是有效的促进剂，它的加入可大大提高加氢活性，选择适当的ＣＴＡＢ浓度，在反应结束后水相与有机相分层迅速，有利于Ｒｕ催化剂的分离，在所考察的反应条件下，肉桂醛选择加氢生成肉桂醇的转化率大于８０％，选择性达９６％以上。     

水溶性钯－膦配合物催化1－己烯加氢反应研究

研究了水溶性钯－膦配合物ＰｄＣｌ２（ＴＰＰＴＳ）２催化１－己烯加氢反应，考察了两相催化体系中添加表面活性剂ＣＴＡＢ，膦配体ＴＰＰＴＳ，以及溶液ｐＨ值等对反应的影响，证明了１－己烯加氢反应中有一诱导期．反应中涉及两种催化活性物种．一种是由ＰｄＣｌ２（ＴＰＰＴＳ）２还原生成的低氧化态催化物种，它在一定的ＣＴＡＢ浓度下，可以保持相当的稳定性．另一种是被ＴＰＰＴＳ或Ｈ２还原形成的钯黑．根据ＰｄＣｌ２和ＴＰＰＴＳ反应过程的３１ＰＮＭＲ研究，对ＰｄＣｌ２（ＴＰＰＴＳ）２分子中Ｐｄ被还原和ＴＰＰＴＳ被氧化提出了解释     

两相催化体系中α，β－不饱和醛选择加氢反应研究Ⅲ．表面活性剂、溶剂对选择加氢反应的影响

研究了水溶性钌－膦配合物催化肉桂醛选择加氢反应中，相转移剂和表面活性剂对反应转化率和选择性的影响，考察了表面活性剂ＣＴＡＢ（十六烷基三甲溴化铵）浓度以及影响两相界面性质的因素—水相和有机相体积比、有机溶剂的改变等的影响．结果表明，相转移剂可以促进反应进行，其中以季铵盐相转移剂最好；表面活性剂能够显著地加快反应，其中以阳离子表面活性剂的效果最佳，且分子中含有长链烷基者（如ＣＴＡＢ）效果更好，非离子和阴离子表面活性剂的效果较差；对于ＣＴＡＢ，其浓度的增加导致反应速度的明显加快，但ＣＴＡＢ浓度达到１．６５×１０－２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ之后，反应体系乳化严重，反应完成后，两相分离变得困难．而增加水相体积和加入适当的有机溶剂，有利于转化率和选择性的提高．     

2—（6—硝基—2—苯并噻唑偶氮）—5—二甲氨基苯甲酸与铜显色反应的研…

本研究了２－（６－硝基－２－苯并噻唑偶氮）－５－二甲氨基苯甲酸（６－ＮＯ２－ＢＴＡＭＢ）与铜的显色反应。结果表明，在ｐＨ２．０￣４．５的乙醇水溶液中６－ＮＯ２－ＢＴＡＭＢ与铜形成一种稳定的蓝绿色络合物，其最大吸收波长位于６５０ｎｍ处，表观摩尔吸收系数为７．７５×１０＾４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ＾－１·ｃｍ＾－１，络合物的组成为６－ＮＯ２－ＢＴＡＭＢ∶Ｃｕ＝１∶１，铜浓度在０￣１０μｇ／１０ｍｌ范围内服从比尔定     

维生素C在CTAB／n—C5H11OH／H2O体系中的增稳作用

在ＣＴＡＢ／ｎ－Ｃ５Ｈ１１ＯＨ／Ｈ２Ｏ体系中，维生素Ｃ存在于Ｏ／Ｗ、Ｗ／Ｏ液滴的内侧，Ｃ５Ｈ１１ＯＨ则存在于液滴的外侧，阻碍渗透进入膜相中的水与维生素Ｃ的接触，从而在幅芳降低了维生素Ｃ在水体系中的氧化程度，提高了其稳定性，Ｏ／Ｗ、Ｗ／Ｏ微乳液对维生素Ｃ分子艇的机理亦从层状液晶对其增稳作用中得到证明。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).