取代芳烃电解氧化产物的GC-MS分析(Ⅰ)

采用 GC- MS方法分析了两种取代芳烃直接电解氧化的产物; 从对伞花烃电解氧化产物中鉴定出 10种主要成分, 从对二甲苯电解氧化产物中鉴定出 8种主要成分; 根据成分鉴定和含量测定结果, 提出了以获取目标产物枯茗醛和对甲基苯甲醛为目的的电解氧化反应要求.     

取代芳烃电解氧化产物的GC-MS分析（I）

采用GC-MS方法分析了两种取代芳烃直接电解氧化的产物；从对伞花烃电解氧化产物中鉴定出10种主要成分，从对二甲苯电解氧化产物中鉴定出8种主要成分；根据成分鉴定和含量测定结果，提出了以获取目标产物枯茗醛和对甲基苯甲醛为目的的电解氧化反应要求。     

复伞银莲花中的三萜皂甙

首次对复伞银莲花(AnemonetetrasepalaRoyle)全草的化学成分进行研究,从其甲醇提取物中分离出8个三萜皂甙。其中1为新化合物,命名为复伞银莲花甙(Tetrasepaloside)。根据各种波谱分析并结合化学降解将其鉴定为23-O-(2',3'-缩丙酮)-α-呋喃核糖基-常春藤配基-28-O-α-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)-β-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)-β-吡喃葡萄糖甙;其它7个已知化合物分别鉴定为齐墩果酸-3-O-β-吡喃葡萄糖(1→2)-α-L吡喃阿伯糖甙(2)、HN-SaponinF(3)、白头翁皂甙C(4)、木通皂甙D(5)、红毛七皂甙D(6)、刺五加皂甙A1(7)和红毛七皂甙F(8)。     

α-蒎烯+对伞花烃和β-蒎烯+对伞花烃二元体系超额焓的测定

采用BT2.15型Calvet微量量热计常压下测定了α-蒎烯+对伞花烃和β-蒎烯+对伞花烃两个二元体系在298.15 K、308.15 K及318.15 K下的超额焓. 实验数据采用Redlich-Kister方程进行关联, 标准偏差较小. 该两个二元体系的超额焓在全浓度范围内均为正值, 其最大值在摩尔分数x1=0.5附近. 温度对超额焓有一定的影响, 超额焓随温度的升高而增大. 相同温度下, α-蒎烯+对伞花烃体系的超额焓比β-蒎烯+对伞花烃体系的大.     

追风伞挥发油的化学成分研究

 研究了贵州产追风伞 (LysimachiatrientaloidesHemsl.)挥发油的化学成分。采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取追风伞挥发性成分 ,用气相 质谱进行分离测定 ,结合计算机质谱图库检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定 ,从中鉴定出 4 0种化学成分 ;应用峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对含量。水蒸汽蒸馏提取物的提取率是 0 11%。研究结果表明 ,贵州产追风伞挥发油的主要成分为萜烯类及其含氧衍生物等 ,主要有广藿香醇 (2 2 5 4 % )、乙酸龙脑酯(16 17% )、γ 古芸烯 (3 2 7% )、δ 愈创烯 (2 6 2 % )、橙花叔醇 (2 0 2 % )、芳樟醇 (1 99% )和棕榈酸 (1 96 % )。     

3,3,5,5-四甲基-4-哌啶酮的简便合成

以N-Boc-4-哌啶酮为起始原料,简便有效地合成了3,3,5,5-四甲基-4-哌啶酮,总收率45%,其结构经1H NMR和MS表征.研究结果显示从中药安络小皮伞中提取到的有效成分是2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶酮,而不是3,3,5,5-四甲基-4-哌啶酮.     

咪唑修饰硅胶负载乙酰丙酮钴(Ⅱ)催化分子氧氧化单萜烯研究

采用3-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷和咪唑对硅胶表面进行修饰(SiIm), 通过咪唑环中π电子与钴离子空d轨道之间的纵轴配位作用制得非均相负载催化剂Co(acac)₂/SiIm, 用IR, UV-Vis和ICP-AES对其结构进行表征. 在乙腈溶剂中, 催化剂催化分子氧氧化单萜烯得到了相应的氧化产物. 研究表明, 负载催化剂具有良好的催化氧化性能, 获得了较高的反应转化率和产物选择性, 其中柠檬烯和α-蒎烯的氧化以环氧产物为主, 而β-蒎烯的氧化则以烯丙位氧化产物为主. 另外, 对反应机理和竞争反应进行了简单的阐述.     

高碘酸盐氧化1,6-二-O-三苯甲基-D-甘露醇的区选性

合成了模型化合物1,6-二-O-三苯甲基-D-甘露醇(TPMM),研究了它在混合溶剂中的高碘酸盐氧化反应的区选性。对氧化产物进行了分离鉴定。取得了最终氧化产物α-O-三苯甲基乙醛,制得了重要有机合成原料α-羟基乙醛。     

褐煤选择性氧化制羧基化学品

褐煤选择性氧化制羧基化学品是其高效利用的一种重要途径.目前,褐煤氧化制化学品的方法主要包括硝酸氧化法、次氯酸钠氧化法、双氧水氧化法、钌离子氧化法、碱-氧气氧化法、催化氧气氧化法以及其他氧化法等.采用不同的氧化方法对褐煤进行氧化,可能得到组成与分布均存在较大差别的氧化产物.但所有的氧化产物均是一种羧基化学品的混合物,需要进行分离纯化.因此,研究者对不同类型羧酸混合物的分离也进行了大量研究.本文从反应和机理方面综述了褐煤氧化制备羧基化学品的不同方法及其特点,分析了不同氧化方法存在的问题,介绍了产物羧酸混合物分离的研究及其存在的问题,尝试提出了褐煤选择性氧化制羧基化学品研究的进一步发展方向.     

金属卟啉与过渡金属盐分步催化四氢萘合成α-四氢萘酮及反应机理

对以四氢萘为原料制备α-四氢萘酮的工艺进行了研究. 反应分两步进行: 首先以金属卟啉为催化剂催化空气氧化四氢萘,得到主要成分为α-四氢萘过氧化氢和α-四氢萘酮的氧化产物;然后以过渡金属盐为催化剂,将氧化产物中的α-四氢萘过氧化氢定向分解为α-四氢萘酮. 结果表明,四氢萘的金属卟啉催化氧化产物主要是α-四氢萘过氧化氢和α-四氢萘酮,仅得到微量的α-四氢萘醇. 含过渡金属CuⅠ和FeⅡ离子的盐类可以高选择性地将四氢萘氧化产物中α-四氢萘过氧化氢定向转化为α-四氢萘酮, FeⅡ离子的活性最高. 详细考察了不同金属卟啉及其浓度、温度对催化氧化四氢萘的影响;考察了不同金属离子及其浓度、温度对分解过程的影响. 对金属卟啉的催化氧化机理及过渡金属离子分解α-四氢萘过氧化氢机理进行了探讨.     

色谱-质谱联用技术在我国3种柚子组分鉴定及指纹图谱建立中的应用

利用色谱-质谱联用技术对我国主要的3个品种柚子果实的不同部位(外表皮、内表皮、内果皮、果肉、种子)的化学组分进行结构鉴定及种类和含量的差异性分析,结果表明,沙田柚、琯溪蜜柚、玉环柚果实5个部位共鉴定出68种不同化学组分物质,包括醇类19种、酯类15种、烯烃类9种、有机酸类8种、酮类7种、烷烃类4种、其他物质6种。其中3个品种柚子外表皮共有的化学组分有7种,含量最高的是柠檬烯(44.03%);内表皮共有的化学组分有6种,含量最高的是油酸酰胺(44.62%);内果皮共有的化学组分有10种,含量最高的是谷甾醇(30.75%);果肉共有的化学组分有11种,含量最高的是软脂酸(20.02%);种子中共有的化学组分有15种,含量最高的是亚油酸(45.83%)。化学组分差异性分析结果表明,沙田柚、琯溪蜜柚、玉环柚3种柚子的外表皮独有的化学组分分别有3种、6种、4种,内表皮分别有3种、4种、8种,内果皮分别有1种、4种、6种,果肉分别有4种、4种、2种,沙田柚、玉环柚种子独有的化学组分均为1种,并对化学组分进行聚类分析和相似度分析。研究结果说明不同品种柚子同一部位的化学组分种类和含量均存在相似性和差异性,特有物质较多,色谱指纹图谱特异性显著,这可为柚类品种鉴定、品质质量控制、原产地溯源等提出一种新的色谱指纹图谱思路。     

马山前胡挥发油化学成分研究

本文用毛细管气相色谱、气相色谱／质谱／计算、气相色谱／红外光谱等现代仪器分析技术，对马山前胡挥发油的化学成分进行了分析研究，从毛细管色谱分离出８０多个峰，确认了其中３７种成分，占色谱总馏出峰面积的９７％以上，该挥发油的主要化学成分为蒎烯。     

固相微萃取气质联用技术对卷烟烟丝和卷烟烟气总粒相物中挥发性和半挥发性成分的研究

采用固相微萃取－气相色谱－质谱（SPME－GC－MS）法对成品卷烟烟丝和卷烟烟气总粒相物中挥发性和半挥发性成分进行了分析鉴定，并对鉴定出的70种成分和96种成分进行了比较。     

气相色谱-质谱联用分析花椒挥发油的成分

 采用气相色谱 质谱联用技术对陕西富平产花椒挥发油的成分进行了分析 ,分离出了 17个峰 ,鉴定出了相对峰面积大于 1 0 %的组分共 16个 ,用峰面积归一化法定量测定了已确定组分的相对含量 ,其占挥发油总质量的95 %以上。     

Analysis of the Volatile Constituents of Schisandra chinesis (Turz.) Bail by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction

Summary Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed for the analysis of the volatile constituents of a traditional Chinese medicine, the fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Turz.) Bail. Two different fibers of polydimethylsiloxane and carbowax-divinylbenzene were used for the absorption of the volatile constituents of the fruits. Thirty-three volatile compounds were separated and identified. The optimum absorption and desorption conditions were also studied. Relative standard deviation values less than 6.5% showed that the method has a good reproducibility. The volatile constituents were also analyzed by steam distillation and thirty-five compounds were identified. The similar results obtained by the two methods showed that SPME is a simple, rapid and solvent-free method for the analysis of volatile constituents of plant materials.     

Variability of volatile constituents in Artemisia maritima in western Himalaya

Chemical composition of the essential oil of Artemisia maritima, collected from three different high altitude locations in western Himalaya was studied by gas-chromatography mass spectrometry. Twenty-five constituents were identified in the oil distilled from the sample from Pooh, of which 1,8-cineole (23.8%) and chrysanthenone (17.54%) were the major constituents. Twenty volatile constituents were identified from the sample collected from Rhongtong pass, of which chrysanthenone (38.1%) and 1,8-cineole (37.3%) were the major constituents. In the oil distilled from the sample collected from Lahaul-Spiti 28 constituents were identified, of which 1,8-cineole (44.22%), camphor (9.16%) and borneol (10.94%) were the major constituents. In this sample chrysanthenone was present in very low percentage.     

Influence of the Molecular Structure of Constituents and Liquid Phase Non-Ideality on the Viscosity of Deep Eutectic Solvents

Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DES) have recently been used as green alternatives to conventional solvents in several applications. In addition to their tunable melting temperature, the viscosity of DES can be optimized by selecting the constituents and molar ratio. This study examined the viscosity of 14 eutectic systems formed by natural substances over a wide range of temperatures and compositions. The eutectic systems in this study were classified as ideal or non-ideal based on their solid–liquid equilibria (SLE) data found in the literature. The eutectic systems containing constituents with cyclohexyl rings were considerably more viscous than those containing linear or phenyl constituents. Moreover, the viscosity of non-ideal eutectic systems was higher than that of ideal eutectic systems because of the strong intermolecular interactions in the liquid solution. At temperatures considerably lower than the melting temperature of the pure constituents, non-ideal and ideal eutectic systems with cyclohexyl constituents exhibited considerably high viscosity, justifying the kinetic limitations in crystallization observed in these systems. Overall, understanding the correlation between the molecular structure of constituents, SLE, and the viscosity of the eutectic systems will help in designing new, low-viscosity DES.     

Studies on chemical constituents of Flos Puerariae-Semen Hoveniae medicine pair by HPLC and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Alcoholic liver disease is currently the most clinically concerning liver disease, which occurs from chronic alcohol abuse. Flos Puerariae and Semen Hoveniae have been used to treat alcohol drinking excessively for thousands of years in China. In this study, the ethanol extract of the medicine pair was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. First, the high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprint was established to obtain the overall chromatographic data of its chemical constituents. Next, high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to identify its chemical constituents. Then, the characteristic constituents were simultaneously quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition, the chemical constituents that were absorbed into rat plasma were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. As a result, a total of 48 chemical constituents in the medicine pair were detected and identified in vitro. Meanwhile, the content of seven representative constituents, including dihydromyricetin, glycitin, genistin, tectoridin, glycitein, genistein, and tectorigenin were simultaneously determined. Furthermore, a total of 19 chemical constituents were detected in rat plasma after oral administration. In short, the chemical constituents of the medicine pair were initially investigated in this study, which will lay the foundation for the discovery of its pharmacodynamic substances in further works.     

单叶蔓荆子挥发油成分的GC/MS分析

采用气相色谱／质谱（ＧＣ／ＭＳ）联用技术对山东泰山产单叶蔓荆子挥发油的化学成分进行了分析,分离出３０多个峰,确认了其中２８种成分,占总离子流的９５％以上,并对挥发油的主要化学成分Δ３－蒈烯,用气相色谱／傅里叶红外光谱（ＧＣ／ＦＴＩＲ）法进行了验证。     

A novel model for quantification of the moisture absorption of polymeric laminated composites

In the present study, a new model was developed that considers the amount of the environmental fluid absorption by different constituents of polymeric laminated composites including fibers, resin, fiber-matrix interphase region, ply interface region, and voids. By knowing the fluid absorption behavior of the composite constituents, the present model can predict the amount of fluid absorption of different constituents of polymeric laminated composites with an arbitrary resin volume fraction and stacking sequence. Test specimens were fabricated by glass fibers and vinyl ester resin. The environmental fluids, examined in this study, were distilled and saline water under different temperatures and salt concentrations. To investigate the absorption behavior of different constituents of polymeric composite, various tests were conducted on fibers, pure cured resin, unidirectional composite specimens, and laminated composites. Based on the results of the tests, a new theoretical model was developed to quantify and predict the amount of fluid absorption of different constituents of laminated polymeric composites. The thickness of the interphase region between the fiber and matrix was also measured using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and nano-indentation tests. The consistency of experimental results with the outcomes of the theoretical model indicates the accuracy of the model.