碱性CeO2载体对Ru/CeO2催化剂氨合成活性的影响

钌基催化剂因其在低温低压下具有比常规的铁基催化剂更具活性的特点成为合成氨催化剂的理想选择.我们研究了CeO₂载体表面碱性对Ru基合成氨催化剂的影响.通过调节KOH沉淀剂的量来制备具有不同碱性位点的CeO₂载体（pH=10/11/12）,证明了催化剂适当碱性位点密度提高了合成氨催化活性.催化性能测试结果表明,1.25% Ru/CeO₂-11催化剂在3.8 MPa,450℃,H₂/N₂=3（60 mL·min^-1）下表现出优异的氨合成活性（7040 μmol·g^-1·h^-1）.CeO₂-11的碱性位点增强了载体的电子给予能力,这有利于电子向活性金属Ru转移,从而促进了N₂的活化.碱金属和碱土金属的引入提高了活性金属Ru的还原能力.4% Cs-1.25% Ru/CeO₂-11（12 000 μmol·g^-1·h^-1）催化剂具有更多的氧空位,这增加了Ru周围的电子密度并促进了N≡N的裂解.通过XRD,BET,SEM,CO₂-TPD,H₂-TPR和XPS分析了不同碱性CeO₂载体对合成氨催化反应的影响.     

扫帚状氧化铈制备及其对Pt基阳极催化剂催化性能的影响

采用水热合成法,合成了比表面积为175 m²·g^-1,孔径在2~4nm范围内的扫帚状CeO₂。通过微波辅助乙二醇还原氯铂酸法制备了Pt-CeO₂/RGO催化剂,探究扫帚状CeO₂的添加对Pt基催化剂电催化性能的影响。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、N₂吸附-脱附、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对所制备的CeO₂及催化剂进行表征。利用电化学工作站对催化剂进行电化学性能测试。结果表明,催化剂中CeO₂保持原有扫帚状,Pt纳米粒子均匀分布于石墨烯载体表面;当m_RGO∶m_CeO2=1∶2时,添加了扫帚状CeO₂的Pt-CeO₂/RGO催化剂的电催化性能最优,电化学活性表面积为102.83 m²·g^-1,对乙醇氧化的峰值电流密度为757.17 A·g^-1,1 000 s的稳态电流密度为108.17 A·g^-1,对乙醇催化氧化反应的电荷转移电阻最小,活化能最低。     

Ru和Ce0.8Pr0.2O2载体之间界面调控对氨合成催化剂活性的影响

我们报道了稀土离子掺杂进CeO₂的形貌和不同晶面对氨合成活性的影响.我们采用了将Pr掺杂到CeO₂的晶格里,制备成不同形貌的Ce_0.8Pr_0.2O₂载体（棒状,立方块）.实验表明,在400℃,1 MPa下,Ru/r-Ce_0.8Pr_0.2O₂催化剂的氨合成催化活性（2 297.09 umol/（g·h））比Ru/c-Ce_0.8Pr_0.2O₂催化剂的氨合成活性（887.57 umol/（g·h））要高.另外我们发现Cs可以有效的促进氨合成催化剂的活性,如2Cs-Ru/r-Ce_0.8Pr_0.2O₂（13 698 μmol/（g·h））,2Cs-Ru/c-Ce_0.8Pr_0.2O₂（（7 667.7μmol/（g·h））.从本研究可以看出,催化剂的催化活性与载体所暴露的不同晶面有关.     

非晶态ZrO2镶嵌的超细CeO2催化HCl氧化

采用不同方法制备了铈锆复合氧化物催化剂用于催化HCl氧化反应。自发沉积策略制备的CeO₂@ZrO₂催化剂中,超细CeO₂纳米粒子均匀的镶嵌于非晶态ZrO₂中。CeO₂粒子显著的“尺寸效应”使得该催化剂具有更高的Ce³⁺和氧空位浓度,而较高的Ce³⁺和氧空位浓度使得催化剂具有优异的低温氧化还原性能和储释氧能力。催化性能测试表明,CeO₂@ZrO₂催化剂展现出最好的催化活性（1.90 g_Cl2·g_cat^-1·h^-1）,同时CeO₂粒子周围非晶态的ZrO₂阻碍CeO₂的高温烧结,提高了该催化剂的稳定性。     

少量CeO2的添加对Pd/La-Al2O3密偶催化剂三效性能的影响

以La改性的Al₂O₃为载体,采用共吸附浸渍法制备了一系列不同CeO₂含量的单Pd密偶催化剂,并对其进行了表征. PdO_x和CeO₂之间的强相互作用改善了Pd⁰再氧化为PdO的能力,同时增强了反应条件下硝酸盐,亚硝酸盐和异氰酸盐在载体上的吸附. 因此适量CeO₂的添加明显改善了新鲜催化剂对HC和NO_x的催化性能,且当CeO₂添加量为2%时催化效果最佳. Pd-Ce界面上PdO_x和CeO₂间强相互作用也使得PdO_x物种在高温时仍能以小颗粒的形式分散在载体上,从而显著地提高催化剂的热稳定性. 经1100 ℃高温老化后,CeO₂ （2%-4%）的存在明显拓宽了HC和NO_x的操作窗口,这对于提高单Pd密偶催化剂在汽车尾气处理上的催化性能有重要意义.     

Cr2O3和CrO3/Cr2O3催化剂的2-氯-1，1，1-三氟乙烷气相氟化反应的活性物种和失活

采用沉淀法和浸渍法制备了2种铬基（Cr₂O₃和CrO₃/Cr₂O₃）催化剂,用于气相氟化2-氯-1,1,1-三氟乙烷合成1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷。研究发现含有低价铬（Cr³⁺）物种的Cr₂O₃催化剂上2-氯-1,1,1-三氟乙烷的稳态转化率为18.5%,而含有高价铬（Cr⁶⁺）物种和低价铬（Cr³⁺）物种的CrO₃/Cr₂O₃催化剂初始转化率达到30.6%,然而存在明显的失活。含有Cr⁶⁺物种的CrO₃/Cr₂O₃催化剂的2-氯-1,1,1-三氟乙烷氟化反应初始TOF值为1.71×10^-4 mol_HCFC-133a·mol_Cr(Ⅵ)^-1·s^-1,高于含有Cr³⁺物种的Cr₂O₃催化剂（4.16×10^-5 mol_HCFC-133a·mol_Cr(Ⅲ)^-1·s^-1）。Cr₂O₃催化剂在氟化反应前后催化剂的物相结构保持不变;而含有高价铬物种的CrO₃/Cr₂O₃催化剂经HF反应后生成了CrO_xF_y活性物种。然而,CrO_xF_y物种在反应中挥发或转化成稳定但无活性的CrF₃,从而导致催化剂失活。     

整体式Co3O4/YSZ- -Al2O3＋CYZ催化剂上的甲烷催化燃烧

用质量比为3∶2的YSZ-γ-Al₂O₃和CeO₂-Y₂O₃-ZrO₂的混合物(以YSZA＋CYZ表示)作载体, 制备了不同Co₃O₄含量的整体式甲烷燃烧催化剂, 同时制备了分别以YSZA和CYZ为载体的催化剂作为对比, 研究了它们老化前后的反应性能, 并用BET, XPS, XRD, TPR等研究了催化剂的比表面、表面状态、晶相结构和还原性能. 结果表明, YSZ- -Al₂O₃和CeO₂-Y₂O₃-ZrO₂混合载体能有效地抑制CoAl₂O₄的生成, 并能充分发挥各自的优点, 因此负载一定量的钴后表现出很高的甲烷催化燃烧活性和抗老化性, 尤其是含8 wt% Co₃O₄的样品性能最佳, 有望成为实用的甲烷燃烧催化剂之一.     

Ag负载CdMoO4光催化剂的制备及其催化性能

采用硼氢化钠还原法制备了Ag负载CdMoO₄光催化剂。运用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）等测试手段对催化剂的组成和结构进行了表征;采用紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等技术对催化剂的光响应和表面状态进行了分析,考察了不同Ag负载量对CdMoO₄紫外光降解罗丹明B和可见光选择性氧化苯甲醇性能的影响。结果表明,与CdMoO₄相比,Ag/CdMoO₄具有更高的光催化活性。利用活性物种捕获实验探讨其光催化降解过程的反应机理,实验结果显示O₂^-·和·OH是光催化降解过程的主要活性物种。     

载铂Sr(Zr1－xYx)O3－δ-TiO2异质结光催化剂模拟太阳光催化产氢

利用光化学还原法制备载铂Sr(Zr_1－xY_x)O_3－δ-TiO₂ (Pt-SZYT)异质结光催化剂, 采用XRD, SEM, UV-Vis, PL对催化剂的形貌及性能进行表征. 以工业有机污染物草酸为电子给体, 模拟太阳光下光催化产氢为探针, 评价了催化剂的活性. 研究了载铂量、草酸浓度对催化剂产氢活性的影响, 并探讨了Pt-SZYT催化剂产氢活性与光致发光(PL)性能的关系, 以及催化剂的连续使用效果. 结果表明: 模拟太阳光条件下, Pt-SZYT催化剂具有良好稳定的光催化产氢活性, 催化剂的最佳载铂量为0.90 wt%. PL分析表明Pt-SZYT的光催化产氢活性越高, 其荧光强度越弱. 草酸50 mmol•L^－1, 催化剂用量1.0 g•L^－1时, 催化剂(w＝0.90%) Pt-SZYT-70的平均产氢速率为1.68 mmol•h^－1.     

预处理气氛对CuO/CeO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂表面性质及“NO+CO”反应性能的影响

用不同的预处理气氛制备了CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃载体以调节表面Ce的价态,并以Cu(CH₃COO)₂为前驱体制备了CuCeAl催化剂。XRD和H₂-TPR的结果表明在还原气氛下处理的CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃载体具有更多的活性氧原子,因此相应的CuCeAl催化剂表面有更多分散态的Cu²⁺/Cu⁺物种。NO+CO反应的结果表明分散态的Cu²⁺/Cu⁺是NO转化的活性物质,而Cu⁰在低温下具有较好的N₂选择性。因此,同时含有分散态Cu²⁺/Cu⁺和少量晶相Cu⁰的催化剂具有最好的催化性能。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.