纳米TiO2的光致发光性能与SERS效应的关系

以采用溶胶-水热法制备的纯TiO₂及Zn掺杂的TiO₂纳米粒子作为SERS活性基底, 研究了其光致发光机制及其与表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)性能的关系. 结果表明, TiO₂纳米粒子的表面缺陷和氧空位等表面性质在其光致发光和增强拉曼散射性能中发挥着重要的作用. 在表面缺陷和氧空位含量较低时, TiO₂纳米粒子的光致发光光谱(PL)信号越强, 其SERS性能就越高; 当TiO₂纳米粒子的表面缺陷和氧空位含量达到一定程度时, TiO₂纳米粒子的PL信号越弱, 其SERS性能越高.     

帽状铜纳米粒子的制备及表面增强拉曼散射活性研究

采用真空热蒸发法在SiO₂纳米粒子自组装单层膜上沉积铜薄膜制备了帽状铜纳米粒子。用扫描电镜、原子力显微镜和紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计对帽状复合纳米粒子的表面形貌和光学性质进行了表征。以亚甲基蓝和吡啶-(2-偶氮-4)间苯二酚为探针分子,研究了该复合纳米粒子的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性。通过比较吸附在不同基底上的吡啶-(2-偶氮-4)间苯二酚的谱峰强度,探讨了SERS效应与表面等离子体共振(SPR)的关系。     

Cu掺杂TiO_2作为SERS基底的研究

本文采用溶胶-水热法制备了TiO2及Cu掺杂的TiO2纳米粒子作为表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)活性基底,观察到当4-巯基苯甲酸吸附在3%Cu掺杂的TiO2表面上时,其SERS信号得到了最大程度的增强.Cu离子掺杂进TiO2晶格时会使TiO2表面的缺陷浓度(表面态)得到增加,一定量的缺陷浓度对TiO2-to-Molecule的电荷转移机理起到促进作用,进一步证明了化学增强机理在SERS现象的贡献.     

以DDAB为模板的银纳米粒子多层膜制备及其表面增强拉曼效应

通过离子交换和静电相互作用, 将银纳米粒子引入双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵(DDAB)模板中, 获得了有序的银纳米粒子多层膜. 用紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)、循环伏安(CV)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对其进行了表征, 并用小角X射线衍射(XRD)研究了DDAB模板和银纳米粒子多层膜的有序性结构. 以4-巯基吡啶(4-MPY)为探针分子研究了银纳米粒子多层膜在表面增强拉曼(SERS)方面的应用, 结果表明, 4-MPY吸附在银纳米粒子多层膜上呈现很强的SERS信号, 说明该多层膜可以用作高活性的SERS基底.     

组蛋白乙酰化的耦合增强拉曼散射生物传感方法

提出了一种组蛋白乙酰化修饰检测的耦合增强拉曼散射生物传感新方法. 该方法以金纳米粒子为表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)基底, 表面修饰乙酰化组蛋白H3多肽为识别探针, 对甲氧基苯硫酚(4-MTP)为拉曼标记物, 制备了组蛋白乙酰化修饰检测的SERS纳米探针. 通过紫外可见吸收光谱与动态光散射分析, 证实了组蛋白乙酰化抗体可介导SERS纳米粒子发生可控组装与聚集, 使SERS纳米探针间发生局域电场共振耦合, 产生显著增强的SERS信号. 基于此, 通过待测抗原与SERS纳米探针对抗体的竞争性相互作用, 我们设计了组蛋白乙酰化修饰检测的竞争免疫SERS生物传感方法. 该法操作简便、快速、重现性好, 且裸眼即能进行可视化鉴定. 通过设计不同染料标记的SERS纳米探针, 该法有望实现多种组蛋白修饰的复合检测.     

帽状银纳米粒子的制备及表面增强拉曼活性研究

采用真空热蒸发法在自组装的单层阵列二氧化硅纳米粒子表面沉积银膜制备了帽状银纳米粒子。通过透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计 (UV-Vis-NIR)对其表面形貌及光学性质进行了表征。以吡啶-(2-偶氮-4)间苯二酚作为探针分子，研究了该复合纳米粒子的表面增强拉曼散射 (SERS) 活性，增强因子高达2.88×10⁶。结果表明在二氧化硅纳米粒子表面制备的帽状银纳米粒子是很好的表面增强拉曼散射活性基底。     

利用去湿现象制备具有SERS活性的银纳米粒子图案

构建了具有表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性的二维有序环状与盘状的银纳米粒子结构, 利用CTAB包覆银纳米粒子的氯仿溶液直接在图案化的金基底上进行去湿, 当改变银纳米粒子的浓度时可以得到不同的图案. 利用原子力显微镜(AFM)对其结构进行了表征, 以4-巯基吡啶作为探针分子, 采用表面增强拉曼成像技术研究了这种基底的SERS活性, 这将为SERS的研究开拓新的领域.     

基于自组装纳米金单层膜的全内反射SERS研究

采用静电自组装技术分别在玻璃基片和30 nm厚的金膜表面固定一层金纳米粒子(GNP)制得两种表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)基底,然后通过棱镜全内反射(TIR)激励和背向收集模式分别测试了两种基底上吸附的染料单分子层SERS光谱.实验结果表明两种SERS基底的拉曼增强效果均高度依赖于入射激光的偏振状态,对于玻璃/纳米金SERS基底,s光全内反射导致的拉曼增强因子是线偏振光(p)光的2-5倍,说明该基底上的"热点"位于纳米金单层膜内相邻粒子之间;对于玻璃/金膜/纳米金SERS基底,只有采用p光在特定的全内反射角下才能激发SERS信号,而且测得的SERS信号比玻璃/纳米金基底增强了近30倍.究其原因是p光在金膜表面共振激发的传播表面等离子体与纳米金局域表面等离子体耦合,进而导致显著场增强.实验结果指出在背向收集模式下,由p光激发的SERS信号是非偏振光,包含强度几乎相等的s和p成分.利用玻璃/金膜/纳米金基底还实现了拉曼光定向发射和收集,测得的SERS信号是p光.     

蜂窝状Ag纳米颗粒膜制备及应用于表面增强拉曼散射基底

通过静态呼吸图法制备了具有高度有序微结构的聚苯乙烯-嵌段-聚4-乙烯吡啶共聚物(PS-b-P4VP)膜。以该嵌段共聚物膜为模板,可制得金属纳米粒子阵列。借助光化学还原途径制得了具有蜂窝状微结构的Ag纳米颗粒膜。以罗丹明6G(R6G)为探针分子,考察了蜂窝状Ag纳米颗粒膜用作表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)基底的性能。蜂窝状Ag纳米颗粒膜对R6G分子的表面拉曼散射增强因子高达1.31×10~9。另外,该SERS基底还显示了较低的检测限,检测限低至10~(-10)mol·L~(-1)。拉曼信号面扫显示了基底很好的信号均匀性。在此SERS基底上30μm×30μm范围内随机收集的120个拉曼信号强度的相对标准偏差仅为～12%。     

ZnO和TiO2纳米粒子的光致发光性能及其与光催化活性的关系

采用沉淀法和溶胶-凝胶法制备了ZnO和TiO2及掺Zn2+的TiO2纳米粒子,用XRD和荧光光谱(FS)等手段对样品进行了表征,重点探讨了样品光致发光机制及与光催化活性的关系.结果表明,ZnO和TiO2样品在大于带隙能的光激发下均表现出明显的FS信号,热处理温度升高,FS信号强度下降,并且二者的FS信号类似,这可能与二者具有类似的电子能带结构有关,同时也说明FS信号主要源于表面氧空位以及吸附氧物种等引起的激子或表面态能级.掺杂Zn2+使TiO2纳米粒子FS信号增强,这主要与表面氧空位和缺陷等量增加有关;此外,在光催化氧化苯酚实验中,样品光催化活性与其FS信号强度顺序一致,即FS信号越强,活性越高.这是由于在光致发光过程中,FS信号主要源于表面氧空位,而在光催化反应中,表面氧空位有利于氧化反应进行.     

Optical and photocatalytic properties of heavily F(-)-doped SnO2 nanocrystals by a novel single-source precursor approach

Heavily F-doped SnO(2) nanocrystals were successfully prepared by a novel synthetic approach involving low-temperature oxidation of a Sn(2+)-containing fluoride complex KSnF(3) as the single-source precursor with H(2)O(2). The F-doped SnO(2) powder was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, TG-MS, BET surface area, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, XPS, PL, FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, EPR spectroscopy, SEM, and TEM. Broadening of the diffracted peaks, signifying the low crystallite size of the products, was quite evident in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of SnO(2) obtained from KSnF(3). It was indexed in a tetragonal unit cell with lattice constants a = 4.7106 (1) ? and c = 3.1970 (1) ?. Agglomeration of particles, with an average diameter of 5-7 nm, was observed in the TEM images whose spotwise EDX analysis indicated the presence of fluoride ions. In the core level high-resolution F 1s spectrum, the peak observed at 685.08 eV was fitted by the Gaussian profile yielding the fluoride ion concentration to be 21.23% in the SnO(2) lattice. Such a high fluoride ion concentration is reported for the first time in powders. SnO(2):F nanocrystals showed greater thermal stability up to 300 °C when heated in a thermobalance under flowing helium, after which generation of small quantities of HF was observed in the TG coupled mass spectrometry analysis. The band gap value, estimated from the Kubelka-Munk function, showed a large shift from 3.52 to 3.87 eV on fluoride ion doping, as observed in the diffuse reflectance spectrum. Such a large shift was corroborated to the overdoped situation due to the Moss-Burstein effect with an increase in the carrier concentration. In the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum, SnO(2):F nanocrystals exhibited a broad green emission arising from the singly ionized oxygen vacancies created due to higher dopant concentration. The evidence for singly ionized vacancies was arrived from the presence of a signal with a g value of 1.98 in the ESR spectrum of SnO(2):F at room temperature. The disordered nature of the rutile lattice and the enormous oxygen vacancies created due to fluoride ion doping were evident from the broad bands observed at 455, 588, and 874 cm(-1) in the room-temperature Raman spectrum of SnO(2):F. As the consequence of the oxygen vacancies, F-doped SnO(2) was examined for the function as a photocatalyst in the degradation of aqueous RhB dye solution under UV irradiation. A very high photocatalytic efficiency was observed for the F-doped SnO(2) nanocrystals as compared to pure SnO(2). The BET surface area of pure SnO(2) was quite high (207.81 m(2)/g) as compared to the F-doped SnO(2) nanocrystals (45.16 m(2)/g). Pore size analysis showed a mean pore diameter of 1.97 and 13.97 nm for the pure and doped samples. The increased photocatalytic efficiency was related to the very high concentration of oxygen vacancies in SnO(2) induced by F doping.     

CO gas sensing by ultrathin tin oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition using transmission FTIR spectroscopy

Ultrathin tin oxide films were deposited on SiO2 nanoparticles using atomic layer deposition (ALD) techniques with SnCl4 and H2O2 as the reactants. These SnO(x) films were then exposed to O2 and CO gas pressure at 300 degrees C to measure and understand their ability to serve as CO gas sensors. In situ transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to monitor both the charge conduction in the SnO(x) films and the gas-phase species. The background infrared absorbance measured the electrical conductivity of the SnO(x) films based on Drude-Zener theory. O2 pressure was observed to decrease the SnO(x) film conductivity. Addition of CO pressure then increased the SnO(x) film conductivity. Static experiments also monitored the buildup of gas-phase CO2 reaction products as the CO reacted with oxygen species. These results were consistent with both ionosorption and oxygen-vacancy models for chemiresistant semiconductor gas sensors. Additional experiments demonstrated that O2 pressure was not necessary for the SnO(x) films to detect CO pressure. The background infrared absorbance increased with CO pressure in the absence of O2 pressure. These results indicate that CO can produce oxygen vacancies on the SnO(x) surface that ionize and release electrons that increase the SnO(x) film conductivity, as suggested by the oxygen-vacancy model. The time scale of the response of the SnO(x) films to O2 and CO pressure was also measured by using transient experiments. The ultrathin SnO(x) ALD films with a thickness of approximately 10 A were able to respond to O2 within approximately 100 s and to CO within approximately 10 s. These in situ transmission FTIR spectroscopy help confirm the mechanisms for chemiresistant semiconductor gas sensors.     

CO oxidation on nanostructured SnO(x)/Pt(111) surfaces: unique properties of reduced SnO(x)

We have investigated surface CO oxidation on "inverse catalysts" composed of SnO(x) nanostructures supported on Pt(111) using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEISS) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). Nanostructures of SnO(x) were prepared by depositing Sn on Pt(111) pre-covered by NO(2) layers at low temperatures. XPS data show that the SnO(x) nanoparticles are highly reduced with Sn(II)O being the dominant oxide species, but the relative concentration of Sn(II) in the SnO(x) nanoparticles decreases with increasing Sn coverage. We find that the most active SnO(x)/Pt(111) surface for CO oxidation has smallest SnO(x) coverage. Increasing the surface coverage of SnO(x) reduces CO oxidation activity and eventually suppresses it altogether. The study suggests that reduced Sn(II)O, rather than Sn(IV)O(2), is responsible for surface CO oxidation. The occurrence of a non-CO oxidation reaction path involving reduced Sn(II)O species at higher SnO(x) coverages accounts for the decreased CO oxidation activity. From these results, we conclude that the efficacy of CO oxidation is strongly dependent on the availability of reduced tin oxide sites at the Pt-SnO(x) interface, as well as unique chemical properties of the SnO(x) nanoparticles.     

Preparation of Ru-doped SnO2-supported Pt catalysts and their electrocatalytic properties for methanol oxidation

Ru-doped SnO2 nanoparticles were prepared by chemical precipitation and calcinations at 823 K. Due to high stability in diluted acidic solution, Ru-doped SnO2 nanoparticles were selected as the catalyst support and second catalyst for methanol electrooxidation. The micrograph, elemental composition, and structure of the Ru-doped SnO2 nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The electrocatalytic properties of the Ru-doped SnO2-supported Pt catalyst (Pt/Ru-doped SnO2) for methanol oxidation have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Under the same loading mass of Pt, the Pt/Ru-doped SnO2 catalyst shows better electrocatalytic performance than the Pt/SnO2 catalyst and the best atomic ratio of Ru to Sn in Ru-doped SnO2 is 1/75. Additionally, the Pt/Ru-doped SnO2 catalyst possesses good long-term cycle stability.     

单层 FeO 薄膜表面周期性氧缺陷结构的形成

 采用扫描隧道显微镜和 X 射线光电子能谱对含有次表层 Fe 的 Pt 表皮结构 (Pt skin), 即 0.4 ML Fe 的 Pt/Fe/Pt(111) 表面, 在 1.1 × 10?7 kPa 氧气气氛退火过程中的变化进行了研究. 结果表明, 当退火温度为 600 K 时, 氧气在 Pt/Fe/Pt(111) 表面上解离吸附并诱导表面局域结构的重构; 750 K 时次表层 Fe 可以扩散到表面并被氧化; 当升至 850 K 时, 在样品表面形成单层 FeO 结构, 并且 FeO 表面具有周期性的缺陷. 这种缺陷是由于单层 FeO 薄膜的摩尔条纹单胞中 fcc 位上一个或多个氧原子缺失形成的, 其中多原子空位被确定为缺失 6 个氧原子所致. FeO 表面缺陷结构的研究为理解 Fe-Pt 催化剂在氧化气氛中的结构稳定性以及构造表面活性位提供一定的基础.     

SnO2 quantum dots and quantum wires: controllable synthesis, self-assembled 2D architectures, and gas-sensing properties

SnO2 quantum dots (QDs) and ultrathin nanowires (NWs) with diameters of approximately 0.5-2.5 and approximately 1.5-4.5 nm, respectively, were controllably synthesized in a simple solution system. They are supposed to be ideal models for studying the continuous evolution of the quantum-confinement effect in SnO2 1D --> 0D systems. The observed transition from strong to weak quantum confinement in SnO2 QDs and ultrathin NWs is interpreted through the use of the Brus effective-mass approximation and the Nosaka finite-depth well model. Photoluminescence properties that were coinfluenced by size effects, defects (oxygen vacancies), and surface capping are discussed in detail. With the SnO2 QDs as building blocks, various 2D porous structures with ordered hexagonal, distorted hexagonal, and square patterns were prepared on silicon-wafer surfaces and exhibited optical features of 2D photonic crystals and enhanced gas sensitivity.     

水热法制备Fe3+改性的SnO2纳米颗粒

采用水热法制备了Fe3+改性的SnO2纳米颗粒, 通过XRD、BET、TEM、FT-IR和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)对其结构和光学性质进行研究. 结果表明, 水热过程实现了氧化锡的直接晶化, 产物为金红石结构, Fe3+进入SnO2的晶格之中形成固溶体. 这种方法制备的Fe3+改性的SnO2纳米颗粒为单分散状态, 粒径分布均匀, 纯的SnO2未焙烧前平均粒径为6.0 nm, 随着Fe3+添加量的增大, 样品的粒径减小. BET显示纯的SnO2样品比表面积为206.1 m2•g−1, 随着Fe3+添加量增大, 产物的比表面积增大, 同时样品的紫外-可见吸收发生红移.