离子液体分散液相微萃取对苯丙烯酸类化合物的浓缩及作用机制

研究了离子液体分散液相微萃取(ILDLPME)机理, 建立了简单、快速、灵敏的ILDLPME-HPLC(高效液相色谱)同时测定中药白附子中5种低丰度苯丙烯酸类化合物含量的方法, 对不同产地白附子的质量进行了比较和评价. 在最佳的ILDLPME-HPLC条件下, 测得咖啡酸的线性范围为1.28×10^-3~2.60 μg/mL, 对羟基桂皮酸及阿魏酸的线性范围为1.28×10^-4~2.60 μg/mL, 桂皮酸及对甲氧基桂皮酸的线性范围为1.28×10^-3~4.00 μg/mL, 检出限分别为0.13, 0.01, 0.01, 0.13和0.13 ng/mL, 日内精密度RSD<7.9%, 日间精密度RSD<9.7%, 药材中分析物的回收率在86.9%~112.6%之间, ILDLPME 对5种分析物的富集倍数分别在56.0~159.3倍之间. 结合5种苯丙烯酸类化合物ILDLPME萃取前后紫外光谱的变化, 提出了ILDLPME萃取苯丙烯酸羧基-离子液体电荷转移超分子(CTSMCIL)机理. 本研究为建立中药白附子的质量控制方法提供了理论依据和实验基础.     

基质固相分散萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定五味子中5种木脂素类化合物北大核心CSCD

研究建立了基质固相分散萃取-高效液相色谱(MSPD-HPLC)分析五味子中5种木脂素类化合物(五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、五味子甲素、五味子乙素、五味子丙素)的方法。采用反相C_(18)色谱柱进行分离,以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在波长250 nm下检测。考察了包括硅胶、酸性氧化铝、中性氧化铝、碱性氧化铝、佛罗里硅土、Diol、XAmide、Xion和C_(18)、C_(18)-ME、C_(18)-G_(1)、C_(18)-HC等在内的12种吸附剂以及吸附剂的质量、洗脱剂的种类、洗脱剂体积对五味子木脂素类化合物得率的影响。选定Xion作为MSPD-HPLC分析五味子中木脂素类化合物的吸附剂;基于吸附剂Xion的萃取参数优化结果表明:以0.25 g五味子粉末为固定值,Xion(0.75 g)为吸附剂,甲醇(15 mL)为洗脱剂,MSPD对五味子中木脂素类化合物具有较高的得率。建立的五味子中5种木脂素类化合物的分析方法,各目标分析物具有良好的线性关系(相关系数R^(2)≥0.9999),检出限与定量限分别介于0.0089~0.0294μg/mL和0.0267~0.0882μg/mL之间。对五味子木脂素类化合物进行低、中、高3个水平的加标回收试验,平均回收率为92.2%~111.2%,相对标准偏差为0.23%~3.54%。日内和日间精密度均小于3.6%。与超声辅助提取和热回流提取前处理相比,MSPD具有萃取和净化相结合、耗时少、所需溶剂量少的优点,且MSPD-HPLC获得的结果优于经典方法。所建立的方法成功应用于17批五味子中5种木脂素类化合物含量的分析。     

在丙酮增敏作用下硝普钠分光光度法测定盐酸吗啉胍

摘要：建立了可见分光光度法测定盐酸吗啉胍的新方法。研究表明,当NaOH浓度为0.13mol/L,在丙酮存在下硝普钠与盐酸吗啉胍反应生成紫色N-亚硝基类化合物,其最大吸收波长为508nm,表观摩尔吸光系数2.5×10³ L/（mol•cm）。盐酸吗啉胍浓度在0.38×10^-6~3.0×10^-4 g/mL范围内与吸光度呈现良好线性关系,线性回归方程A = 0.02292 + 0.01213c (10^-6 g/mL),线性相关系数r=0.9998,检测限(3σ/k)为0.25×10^-6 g/mL,RSD = 0.21%。本方法可用于药物样品和血清中盐酸吗啉胍含量的测定。     

超高效液相色谱-质谱法测定醋五味子中7种木脂素的含量北大核心CSCD

采用超高效液相色谱-质谱法测定醋五味子中五味子酯甲、五味子酚、五味子甲素、五味子乙素、五味子丙素、五味子醇甲和五味子醇乙等7种木脂素的含量。醋五味子样品0.200 0g用甲醇10mL超声提取30min。以ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的乙腈和0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱分析中采用电喷雾正离子源和选择离子监测模式。7种木脂素的质量浓度在一定范围内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.001~0.050mg·L^(-1)。对6.0mg·L^(-1)的7种木脂素混合标准溶液连续测定6次,测定值的相对标准偏差为1.2%~3.5%。方法用于醋五味子样品的分析,加标回收率为85.4%~99.3%。     

高效液相色谱法测定五味子和含五味子的制剂中五味子乙素及多种活性成分时流动相体系的选择

建立了用高效液相色谱法测定五味子和含五味子的制剂中五味子乙素的流动相体系。用Shim-pack VP-ODS (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,在柱温30 ℃、检测波长285 nm、流速1.0 mL/min的条件下,用不同的流动相组成及其不同比例研究了五味子提取液中3种木脂素(五味子乙素、安五脂素和五味子甲素)的保留时间及其分离情况,从中选择测定五味子乙素的最佳流动相体系。结果表明,在甲醇-水、甲醇-冰醋酸-水的流动相体系中,安五脂素和五味子乙素很难完全分离;而在乙腈-甲醇-水和乙腈-冰醋酸-水流动相体系中,3种木脂素可很好地分离。以乙腈-甲醇-水(体积比为17:58:25)为流动相测定五味子和护肝片中3种木脂素的含量,相对标准偏差(n4)为0.95%～5.8%,平均加标回收率为94.50%～105.6%。将该流动相体系用于供试品中3种木脂素含量的测定,分离效果好,结果令人满意。     

反相离子对液相色谱分离-柱后衍生化学发光检测痕量金属离子

报道了反相离子对液相色谱-柱后衍生化学发光检测方法分离测定痕量的钴(Ⅱ)、铁(Ⅱ)、铜(Ⅱ)、铁(Ⅲ)及铬(Ⅲ).利用弱络合性的乳酸作为淋洗剂,加入适量的十二烷基磷酸钠作对离子试剂,研究了分离条件、发光条件及二者的匹配方式等因素对分离检测的影响.测定线性范围分别为(g/mL):Cr(Ⅲ)5.0×10^-9～1.0×10^-5;Fe(Ⅱ)2.0×10^-9～1.0×10^-5;Fe(Ⅲ〕8.0×10^-9～1.0×10^-5;Cu(Ⅱ)8.0×10^-11～1.0×10^-5及Co(Ⅲ)1.0×10^-11～1.0×10^-5.检出限分别为:10pgCr(Ⅲ),0.4pgFe(Ⅱ),20pgFe(Ⅲ),1.0pgCu(Ⅱ)及0.01pgCo(Ⅱ).     

高效液相色谱法测定北五味子中5种木脂素含量

应用高效液相色谱法测定北五味子中五味子醇甲、五味子酯甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素和五味子丙素等5种木脂素的含量。北五味子样品(1.000g)在70℃温度下用甲醇(20mL)微波辅助提取5min。分取部分提取液,以Hypersil ODS C18色谱柱为固定相,用乙腈和水以不同比例混合的溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在检测波长225nm处进行测定。5种木脂素在一定的质量浓度范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.029 2~0.050 7mg·L-1之间。以样品为基体,在3个浓度水平加入混合标准溶液进行回收试验,测得回收率在95.3%~101%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.1%~2.4%之间。     

超高效液相色谱-质谱法测定醋五味子中7种木脂素的含量

采用超高效液相色谱-质谱法测定醋五味子中五味子酯甲、五味子酚、五味子甲素、五味子乙素、五味子丙素、五味子醇甲和五味子醇乙等7种木脂素的含量。醋五味子样品0.200 0g用甲醇10mL超声提取30min。以ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的乙腈和0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱分析中采用电喷雾正离子源和选择离子监测模式。7种木脂素的质量浓度在一定范围内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.001~0.050mg·L~(-1)。对6.0mg·L~(-1)的7种木脂素混合标准溶液连续测定6次,测定值的相对标准偏差为1.2%~3.5%。方法用于醋五味子样品的分析,加标回收率为85.4%~99.3%。     

过氧化氢酶荧光分析法及其在海洋水生生物酶活力测定中的应用

建立了一种简便、灵敏的测定过氧化氢酶的方法.方法的线性范围为1.7×10^-3～1.7×10^-2U/mL,检测限(LD=3S₀/S)为8.5×10^-4U/mL.将其用于海洋生物样品中过氧化氢酶活力的测定,结果令人满意.     

五味子优良品种优选的模式识别方法

通过超高效液相色谱法,对不同生长特征的五味子样品中5种主要的木脂素成分:五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、五味子酯甲、五味子甲素和五味子乙素进行测定,同时考察其抗氧化活性。 对所得到的5种木脂素成分的含量及抗氧化数据进行聚类分析和主成分分析,并且通过逐步判别分析建立判别函数,从而筛选五味子优良品种。 主成分分析和聚类结果基本一致,均将样品分为3大类,逐步判别分析的正确率高达90%。     

Microwave-assisted extraction and fingerprint studies of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) by high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography

In order to choose an appropriate extraction method, samples of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill were extracted by different methods and it was found that microwave-assisted extraction gave the best results. The contents of schisandrin, schisantherin, deoxyschizandrin, and r-schizandrin of 10 samples collected from different regions in China were determined by HPLC. The chromatograms of ten samples were used to establish the fingerprints of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill and two methods based on HPLC and GC were applied to them simultaneously. The fingerprints consisted of 18 common peaks obtained by HPLC and 17 common peaks obtained by GC, which showed good stability and repeatability with RSD less than 3% for retention time. The fingerprints are suitable for identifying and differentiating samples by geographical origin and can be used for quality control.     

Studies on lignan constituents from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. fruits using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionization multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n)) method has been developed for the detection and analysis of lignan constituents in the methanol extract from the fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. RP-HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS(n)) have been applied to investigate the characteristic product ions of four lignan reference compounds. Then, the logical fragmentation pathways of the lignans have been proposed. By comparing the retention time (t(R)) of HPLC, the ESI-MS(n) data and the structures of analyzed compounds with the data of reference compounds and in the literature, 11 peaks in HPLC have been unambiguously identified and another 5 peaks have been tentatively identified or deduced. Also, in the present paper, the extracted ion chromatograms (EIC) have been used to analyze the lignan isomers. The experimental results demonstrate that RP-HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) is a specific and useful method for the identification of the lignan constituents and their isomers.     

Chemical constituents isolated from stems of Schisandra chinensis and their antifeedant activity against Tribolium castaneum

Abstract

One new sesquiterpene (α-iso-cubebenol acetate, 8), together with 9 known compounds (1-7, 9, 10) were isolated from the stems of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. by repeated silica gel column chromatography. Based on the results of MS, NMR spectra and comparing with literature data, the six dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans were identified as schizandrin A to C (1-3), schizandrin (4), schisantherin A (5) and gomisin J (6), the two sesquiterpenes were identified as α-iso-cubebenol (7) and α-iso-cubebenol acetate (8), while the two triterpenic acids were identified as ganwuweizic acid (9) and kadsuric acid (10). The antifeedant activity of the 10 compounds against Tribolium castaneum adults was tested. Gomisin J (6) exhibited activity at 1500?ppm concentration with 40.3% antifeeding index percentages. As for the dibenzocyclooctene lignans (compounds 1–3, 6), the number of methylenedioxies and the position of hydroxyl groups were the main factors to affect their antifeedant activities.     

北五味子中的一个新单萜苷

红花（Carthamus tinctorius L.）为菊科红花属一年生草本植物的干燥花,是活血通经、去痰止痛的药食同源中药,红花的有效成分为查耳酮类、脂肪酸、多糖和其它一些类化合物,其中红花多糖能促进淋巴细胞转化,增加脾细胞对羊红细胞空斑形成的细胞数量,对抗强的松龙的免疫抑制作用等,是一种新的、值得进一步研究的免疫调节剂,目前,人们正深入研究红花多糖的其它药用价值,但对其结构的研究国内外尚未见报道。     

Separation and determination of lignans from seeds of Schisandra species by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography using ionic liquid as modifier

In this paper, a micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (MEKC) method using ionic liquid as modifier for the quantification of the active components of lignans found in the medicinal herbs Schisandra species was developed for the first time. Preliminary investigations employing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant did not lead to the necessary resolution of the studied compounds, the addition of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIM-BF4) to the SDS micellar system resulted in the complete separation of all the compounds. The effects on the separation by several parameters such as BMIM-BF4 and SDS concentration, applied voltage, background electrolyte pH and concentration, were evaluated. Under the optimal conditions (5 mM borate-5 mM phosphate buffer in the presence of 20 mM SDS and 10 mM BMIM-BF4, pH 9.2, applied voltage 25 kV and detection at 254 nm), the method successfully applied to the determination of lignans in extracts of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. and Schisandra henryi C.B. Clarke in less than 13 min. The separation mechanism was also discussed.     

Comprehensive quality evaluation of Fructus Schisandrae using electrospray ionization ion trap multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry coupled with chemical pattern recognition techniques

Electrospray ionization ion trap multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) was used to evaluate Fructus Schisandrae of similar species (Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. fruits and Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils. fruits) and different growth characteristics (color, shape, etc.). The application of chemical pattern recognition in the ESI-MS(n) data analysis was carried out by principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Then the antioxidant activity of different Fructus Schisandrae samples were determined by an LC-ESI-MS method and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Using the ESI-MS(n) method coupled with chemical pattern recognition analysis and correlated with the antioxidant activity evaluation, the two similar species were successfully distinguished, thus improving the therapeutic safety and effectiveness. The superior characteristics of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. fruits were obtained and made the selection and breeding of Chinese medicine materials more scientific. This study indicates that ESI-MS(n) is a valuable tool for the authentication of botanical origin and can also be useful for the quality control of Chinese medicinal herbs.     

High throughput screening and antioxidant assay of dibenzo[a,c]cyclooctadiene lignans in modified-ultrasonic and supercritical fluid extracts of Schisandra chinensis Baill by liquid chromatography--mass spectrometry and a free radical-scavenging method

Dibenzo[a,c]cyclooctadiene lignans of Schisandra chinensis Baill are well known because of their hepatoprotective activity, antioxidant activity, and anticancer effect. For the isolation of the dibenzo[a,c]cyclooctadiene lignans of Schisandra chinensis Baill two extraction methods were used: modified-ultrasonic extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. A specific and fast analytical method for structure identification is established for quality control because structure elucidation could be accomplished by means of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technologies. The separation and identification of the compounds were completed by: (i) a water-acetonitrile gradient system using a C18 reversed-phase column; (ii) UV detection at 225 nm; (iii) MS/MS experiments with electrospray ionization interface (ESI) ion trap mass spectrometry in the positive mode. Normalized collision energy was used to obtain fragment ions of structural relevance in the LC-MS/MS. These results provided a reliable LC-MS/MS method for the determination of the dibenzo[a,c]cyclooctadiene lignans from Schisandra chinensis Baill. Finally, we also detected 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging effects (%) of the modified-ultrasonic and supercritical fluid extracts of Schisandra chinensis Baill compared with 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox). The antioxidant activities of the modified-ultrasonic and supercritical fluid extracts were lower than that of trolox.     

北五味子果实、茎和叶中微量元素的测定

采用硝酸和过氧化氢混合酸体系作消化液,利用电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS),对延边地区不同产地五味子中微量元素的含量,进行了测定和研究。测定了不同产地五味子叶、茎、果实中Mg、Ca、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Cr?Ni?Pb?Cd等19种元素的含量水平。测定结果显示五味子中K、Ca、Mg、Fe含量丰富,而Pb、Cd的含量很低。不同地区的五味子茎、叶、果实中微量元素含量存在很大差异。     

二维反相液相色谱制备五味子中的木脂素

应用自主研发的具有分离-富集模式的制备色谱工厂,建立了分离制备五味子木脂素有效部位及其单体化合物的方法。该方法首先以C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）为色谱柱,水和甲醇为流动相,分离度和保留时间为考察指标,采集4个不同梯度的色谱信息,通过XTool色谱专家系统软件模拟,确定五味子木脂素第一、二维色谱条件;然后采用线性放大的方法,以C₁₈（250 mm×30 mm,10 μm）为第一、二维分离柱,C₁₈（80 mm×30 mm,10 μm）为富集柱,水为富集稀释液,对五味子木脂素进行二维色谱分离纯化;最后第一维分离得到9个可重复组分,第二维分离得到20个高纯度化合物,其中有6个单体化合物。结果表明该法重现性良好,可以实现五味子木脂素的系统性分离,对五味子化学成分的研究具有重要意义。     

Application of capillary electrochromatography using macroporous polyacrylamide columns for the analysis of lignans from seeds of Schisandra chinensis

Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) using polymer-based monolithic stationary phase has been developed as a promising method for the determination of lignans of Schisandra chinensis. The columns were prepared by in situ copolymerisation of acrylamide, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, vinylsulfonic acid and lauryl acrylate in presence of poly(ethylene glycol) as a porogenic agent. The columns [33 cm (24.5 cm effective length) x 75 microm I.D.] were successfully used to analyse and quantify the major lignans in extract of the seeds of Schisandra chinensis. Good separations were achieved in less than 35 min. The calibration graphs were linear in the range 0.025-1.0 mg/ml of given lignan with correlation coefficients between 0.9951 and 0.9996. The inter-day reproducibility of the peak area were below 3.9% and the inter-day reproducibility of the migration time were below 4.2%. The results of quantitative CEC analyses were compared with those obtained by reversed-phase HPLC, the levels of schizandrin, gomisin A, gomisin N and wuweizisu C determined by CEC were in a good agreement with those determined by HPLC.