碱熔-水蒸气蒸馏-离子色谱法测定锌精矿中的氟

建立了一种测定锌精矿中氟含量的分析方法。通过碱熔半熔融方法,除去锌精矿中大量硫对样品前处理的影响,利用水蒸气蒸馏的方法分离了被测元素氟与矿石中其它大量重金属离子。通过碱熔-水蒸气蒸馏后离子色谱测定,最大限度排除干扰,降低测定检出限。以碳酸钠(2.5mmol/L)和碳酸氢钠(3.5mmol/L)混合溶液作为淋洗液,SH-AC-1(200mm×4.6mm ID)阴离子分析柱分离,抑制电导检测器检测。线性范围内相关系数为0.999 6,加标回收率97%~102%,相对标准偏差小于4.0%,样品检出限0.0004%。有效拓展了锌精矿中氟含量的测定范围。     

羟丙基-β-环糊精修饰毛细管胶束电动色谱法测定夏枯草中的齐墩果酸和熊果酸

建立了羟丙基-β-环糊精修饰毛细管胶束电动色谱同时分离测定夏枯草中的齐墩果酸和熊果酸的方法。以pH 9.0的10 mmol/L Na2B4O7、10 mmol/LNaH2PO4、50 mmol/L十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）、15 mmol/L羟丙基-β-环糊精（HP-β-CD）、体积分数6%甲醇作为背景电解质溶液,15 min内实现了两种待测组分的基线分离。齐墩果酸和熊果酸分别在22.5-360 mg/L、48.8-780 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,检出限分别为3.2 mg/L和3.8 mg/L。两者的峰面积和迁移时间的相对标准偏差分别为2.2%、0.5%和2.6%、0.6%,回收率分别在93.8%-102.1%和96.7%-105.2%之间。     

水蒸气蒸馏-离子色谱法测定硫化精矿中氟和氯

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分离硫化精矿样品中氟离子和氯离子,离子色谱法测定了氟离子和氯离子的含量。经AG19保护柱及AS19分离柱分离,以25.00mmol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液为淋洗液,采用连续自动再生化学抑制器检测。F-和Cl-的质量浓度均在10.00mg·L-1以内与峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3s)分别为0.006,0.003mg·L-1。方法用于分析硫化铜精矿、锌精矿和铅精矿,氟离子和氯离子的加标回收率在94.1%～97.2%,96.4%～101%之间,相对标准偏差(n=11)分别在1.5%～2.3%,1.1%～1.9%之间。     

高温水解-离子色谱法同时测定再生锌原料中氟和氯

采用自制的高温水解装置处理样品,结合离子色谱法测定了再生锌原料中氟、氯的含量。试样在1 000℃高温下通入氧气与水蒸汽进行水解反应,以NaHCO_3(6.0mmol/L)与Na_2CO_3(2.4mmol/L)的混合溶液作为淋洗液,经SH-AG-1保护柱及SH-AC-3分离柱分离,测得F-在0~10 mg/L、Cl-在0~50mg/L范围内浓度与峰面积呈线性关系,相关系数分别为r=0.999 8和r=0.999 9,检出限分别为0.020mg/L与0.033 mg/L。分析再生锌原料中氟、氯的加标回收率分别在95.70%~102.5%和96.72%~101.3%,相对标准偏差(n=11)分别在2.1%~6.6%和2.0%~5.8%。方法对再生锌原料中氟(0.010%~1.00%)和氯(0.050%~5.00%)测定,结果满意。     

液相色谱法测定动物源性食品中氯虫苯甲酰胺和氟虫酰胺残留量

采用高效液相色谱法测定动物源性食品中氯虫苯甲酰胺和氟虫酰胺的残留量。动物源性食品中的氯虫苯甲酰胺和氟虫酰胺,经乙酸乙酯和丙酮混合提取液提取后,过Al2O3柱净化,以乙腈:0.1mol/L的乙酸铵溶液(58:42)作为流动相,DAD检测器测定,外标法定量。测定结果表明:采用本方法检测氯虫苯甲酰胺和氟虫酰胺,检测限均可达到0.1mg/kg,在添加质量浓度0.1～2.0mg/L之间线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均>0.9990,对于0.1、0.2、0.5mg/kg水平添加回收率范围在72.3%～92.7%之间;相对标准偏差(RSDs)范围在3.0%～7.0%之间。     

离子色谱法测定饲料级硫酸锌中氟和氯元素

建立了离子色谱法测定饲料级硫酸锌中氟和氯元素的方法。取一定量的硫酸锌溶于超纯水中,经0.22μm过滤膜以及Na过滤柱后,用10mmol/L至40mmol/L氢氧根体系淋洗液梯度淋洗后测定。大量的硫酸根不影响氟和氯的测定,线性相关系数在0.996以上,加标回收率在96%以上。方法简便快捷、准确、可靠。     

水蒸气蒸馏/离子色谱法测定磷矿石中氟化物和氯化物

建立了离子色谱法同时测定磷矿石中氟化物和氯化物的检测方法.利用国产的YSA-8型分离柱和DZS电自生型抑制器将日本岛津LC-10A液相色谱仪改造为抑制型离子色谱仪,用4.3 mmol/L Na2O3-6.0mmol/L NaHCO3混合溶液作淋洗液.试样用稀硫酸溶解,以水蒸气蒸馏法将磷矿石中氟化物和氯化物从样品中分离,用0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤后,进样分析.方法的相关性好（r＞0.999）,氟化物、氯化物测定的相对标准偏差分别为2.1%～2.6%、2.5%～3.8%,样品的加标回收率分别为93%～104%、95%～98%,与电位滴定法作对比测定的结果表明,方法的准确度较高.本方法线性范围宽、操作简便、快速,非常适合磷矿石中氟化物、氯化物的检测.     

β-环糊精修饰胶束电动毛细管色谱法测定大黄中有效成分

采用β-环糊精修饰的胶束电动毛细管色谱法分离测定了大黄中5种有效成分。缓冲溶液为磷酸盐（Ph10-10.38）含20mmol/L SDS和10mmol/Lβ-CD，10%-15%（V/V）的甲醇或异丙醇。对生大黄和蒙古大黄样品进行了测定。结果令人满意。     

氧弹燃烧-离子色谱法测定涂料中氯和溴的含量

涂料中有机化合物通过氧弹燃烧转化为无机离子,其中可溶性氯和溴离子被吸收液吸收后,经离子色谱仪测定。采用IonPacAS22(4 mm×250 mm)阴离子色谱柱,IonPacAG22保护柱,以4.5 mmol/L Na2CO3-1.4 mmol/L NaHCO3为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min。氯和溴离子的质量浓度在1～20 mg/L范围内分别与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,平均加标回收率为94.7%～96.2%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于1.0%(n=6)。该方法检测时间短、损失量少,适用于涂料中氯和溴含量的测定。     

基于氧弹燃烧-离子色谱法测定生活垃圾可燃组分中氯和硫的含量

采用氧弹燃烧法对垃圾样品干燥基进行前处理,用碳酸钠(24mmol/L)和碳酸氢钠(30mmol/L)以及过氧化氢(2.5%)为吸收液,并用离子色谱法对其处理后吸收液中氯离子和硫酸根含量进行测定,最后换算为样品中氯和硫的含量。氯和硫酸根质量浓度分别在1～50mg/L与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性相关,其线性相关系数都大于0.999。样品中氯的加标回收率为96.5%～99.1%,硫酸根的加标回收率为92.5%～101%,测定结果中样品的相对平均标准偏差均小于3%(n=5),并用质控样品对方法进行了验证,结果表明样品的前处理方法简单、样品损失少、准确度高,适合于垃圾样品可燃组分中氯和硫含量的测定。     

Furyl- and thienyl-silatranes and germatranes

We review our research on the synthesis and study of the physical and biological properties of furyl- and thienylgermatranes and -silatranes.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 725–732, June, 1992.     

Review and patents and literature

The use of the insect cell/baculovirus expression system for producing recombinant proteins of bacterial, plant, insect, and mammalian origin has become widespread. The popularity of this eukaryotic expression system is due to many factors, including (1) potentially high protein expression levels, (2) ease and speed of genetic engineering, (3) ability to accommodate large DNA inserts, (4) protein processing similar to higher eukaryotic cells (e.g., mammalian cells), and (5) ease of insect cell growth (e.g., suspension growth). The following review of the literature discusses two engineering aspects of recombinant protein synthesis by insect cell cultures: bioreactor scale-up and insect cell line selection. Following this review patent abstracts and additional literature pertaining to expression of recombinant proteins in insect cell culture are listed.     

Hard and soft acids and bases: structure and process

Under investigation is the structure and process that gives rise to hard-soft behavior in simple anionic atomic bases. That for simple atomic bases the chemical hardness is expected to be the only extrinsic component of acid-base strength, has been substantiated in the current study. A thermochemically based operational scale of chemical hardness was used to identify the structure within anionic atomic bases that is responsible for chemical hardness. The base's responding electrons have been identified as the structure, and the relaxation that occurs during charge transfer has been identified as the process giving rise to hard-soft behavior. This is in contrast the commonly accepted explanations that attribute hard-soft behavior to varying degrees of electrostatic and covalent contributions to the acid-base interaction. The ability of the atomic ion's responding electrons to cause hard-soft behavior has been assessed by examining the correlation of the estimated relaxation energies of the responding electrons with the operational chemical hardness. It has been demonstrated that the responding electrons are able to give rise to hard-soft behavior in simple anionic bases.     

Ground- and excited-state aromaticity and antiaromaticity in benzene and cyclobutadiene

The aromaticity and antiaromaticity of the ground state (S 0), lowest triplet state (T 1), and first singlet excited state (S 1) of benzene, and the ground states (S 0), lowest triplet states (T 1), and the first and second singlet excited states (S 1 and S 2) of square and rectangular cyclobutadiene are assessed using various magnetic criteria including nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS), proton shieldings, and magnetic susceptibilities calculated using complete-active-space self-consistent field (CASSCF) wave functions constructed from gauge-including atomic orbitals (GIAOs). These magnetic criteria strongly suggest that, in contrast to the well-known aromaticity of the S 0 state of benzene, the T 1 and S 1 states of this molecule are antiaromatic. In square cyclobutadiene, which is shown to be considerably more antiaromatic than rectangular cyclobutadiene, the magnetic properties of the T 1 and S 1 states allow these to be classified as aromatic. According to the computed magnetic criteria, the T 1 state of rectangular cyclobutadiene is still aromatic, but the S 1 state is antiaromatic, just as the S 2 state of square cyclobutadiene; the S 2 state of rectangular cyclobutadiene is nonaromatic. The results demonstrate that the well-known "triplet aromaticity" of cyclic conjugated hydrocarbons represents a particular case of a broader concept of excited-state aromaticity and antiaromaticity. It is shown that while electronic excitation may lead to increased nuclear shieldings in certain low-lying electronic states, in general its main effect can be expected to be nuclear deshielding, which can be substantial for heavier nuclei.     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).