三齿β-酮亚胺钒(Ⅲ)配合物的合成及其催化乙烯(共)聚合行为研究

合成了6种三齿β-酮亚胺钒(Ⅲ)配合物{[R)X(C_6H_4)N=CH(C_6H_5)NC_(10)H_7O]VCl_2(THF):2a,R=CH_3,X=S;2b,R=CF_3,X=S;2c,R=Ph,X=S;2d,R=~tBu,X=S;2e,R=Ph_2,X=P;2f,R=Ph,X=O},并对其结构进行了表征和证明.2a～2f在催化乙烯均聚及其与环烯烃共聚时表现出了较高的催化活性和较为优异的稳定性,所得聚合物的分子量均呈单峰分布.在催化乙烯与降冰片烯(NBE)共聚以及乙烯与外型-1,4,4a,9,9a,10-六氢-9,10(1′,2′)-桥苯亚基-1,4-桥亚甲基蒽(HBM)共聚时,部分催化剂表现出了"正共单体效应".催化所得乙烯/NBE共聚物的分子量为43.1～66.4 kg/mol,NBE单元含量为30.9 mol%～42.1mol%,玻璃化转变温度为84～105°C;乙烯/HBM共聚物的分子量为90.2～138 kg/mol,HBM单元含量为14.7 mol%～25.0 mol%,玻璃化转变温度为173～188°C.     

新不对称偶氮羧衍生物的合成及其与钙离子的β型显色反应

我们合成了五种新的不对称偶氮羧衍生物,并研究了它们与钙离子之间的一种特殊反应—β型反应,考察了试剂分子结构与反应性能的关系.着重探讨了对羧基偶氮羧与钙离子的β型反应行为,在柠檬酸介质中,钙离子与该试剂形成组成比为1:2的灵敏的稳定配合物,最大吸收波长为718nm(△λ=157nm),表观摩尔吸光系数ε=1.51×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),测定条件下,1—13μgCa/25mL 符合 Beer 定律,采用小体积显色,反应可在15分钟内进行完全,配合物可稳定4小时不变.动力学研究结果表明,对羧基偶氮羧与钙离子只发生β型反应,反应级数为2.     

离子选择电极法测定洗涤剂用沸石的钙离子交换性能

1 引言采用EDTA滴定、ICP和AA法测定洗涤剂用沸石的钙离子交换量时.需要将溶液与沸石分离后进行,因而不易测定交换过程中沸石的钙离子交换速率.而采用ISE法,可以在沸石与钙离子交换时,实时测定溶液中钙离子浓度随交换时间的变化,求得钙离子交换速率.本文采用ISE法测定洗涤剂用沸石的钙离子交换速率及交换量.2 实验部分2.1 仪器与试剂 pXS-215型离子活度计(上海雷磁仪器厂);钙离子选择电极(ISE)和甘汞电极(上海雷磁仪器厂);记录仪(上海大华仪器厂).洗涤剂用4A沸石(山东铝厂),0.1mol/L标准CaCl_2溶液,0.5mol/L NaOH溶液.     

毛细管电泳等离子体原子发射光谱测定人血浆中游离钙离子的含量

毛细管电泳-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱联用技术应用于人体血浆中钙元素的形态分析,对游离钙离子进行了定位表征与定量分析。在电泳缓冲溶液为30 mmol/L Tris-HCl(pH=7.4)及电泳电压为20 kV的条件下,得到人体血浆中钙的主要形态有8种,其中一种为游离钙离子,迁移时间的相对偏差小于2%(n=10),血浆中游离钙离子的含量为42.2 mg/L,该测定方法RSD小于5%。采用以上联用技术测得血浆样品中游离钙离子回收率为94.8%~104%;方法检出限为25μg/L。     

尖吻蝮蛇毒抗凝血因子Ⅱ的稀土离子荧光探针研究

尖吻蝮蛇毒抗凝血因子(ACF)分子中有两个钙离子结合位点,钙离子对ACF的内源荧光有增强作用,稀土离子(Nd³⁺,Sm³⁺,Eu³⁺,Gd³⁺和Tb³⁺)能取代ACF分子中的钙离子,并对ACF的内源荧光有不同程度的猝灭作用,其中Tb³⁺接受ACF分子中Trp残基传递的能量后,特征荧光增强.稀土离子与ACF荧光滴定表明,ACF分子中有两个稀土离子结合位点,稀土离子和钙离子在ACF分子中两个结合部位是共同的竞争结合部位.ACF与不同稀土离子之间有相近的表观结合常数K₁或K₂.Tb³⁺与RE³⁺(RE=Nd,Sm,Eu或Gd)间线性自由能关系表明,稀土离子与ACF结合时,没有明显的空间效应.ACF分子中的两个结合位点在结构上都有较大的柔性,这种结构柔性为钙离子在ACF与活化凝血因子X的结合反应中起到的促进作用提供了结构基础.     

新不对称偶氮羧衍生物的合成及其与钙离子的β型显色反应

我们合成了五种新的不对称偶氮羧衍生物,并研究了它们与钙离子之间的一种特殊反应-β型反应,考察了试剂分子结构与反应性能的关系。着重探讨了对羧基偶氮羧与钙离子的β型反应行为,在柠檬酸介质中,钙离子与该试剂形成组成比为1:2的灵敏的稳定配合物,最大吸收波长为718nm(Δλ=157nm),表观摩尔吸光系数ε=1.51×10^5L.mol^-^1.cm^-^1,测定条件下,1-13μgCa/25mL符合Beer定律,采用小体积显色,反应可在15分钟内进行完全,配合物可稳定4小时不变。动力学研究结果表明,对羧基偶氮羧与钙离子只发生β型反应,反应级数为2。     

钙离子体系中隐式和显式内随机共振

近年来, 细胞内钙离子信号及其产生机理已成为研究热点之一, 这是因为钙离子信号能控制细胞的生死、 传递细胞间的信息、 提高基因表达的有效性和特殊性[^1~3]. 在钙离子信号传递过程中, 受环境扰动是不可避免的. Shuai等^[4]发现噪音能够控制钙离子通道中钙离子的释放. 在过去的十年中, 无论是物理、 化学还是生物体系^[5~10]的噪音效应已被广泛研究, 其中包括对随机共振(SR)的研究^[5], 经典SR是环境噪音能够放大弱的外加信号. 但随着研究的深入, 发现有无噪音SR^[11]和内SR(ISR) ^[6]. ISR的内信号来自噪音诱导的内信号, 这种SR现象叫隐式内SR(IISR). 而我们则发现了另外一种内SR, 即显式内SR(EISR) ^[12], 它的内信号是体系固有的内信号, 而不是由噪音诱导的. 本文主要研究加入外信号将对IISR和EISR产生的影响.     

稀土离子对钙调蛋白与单克隆抗体分子识别的影响

分别采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法和荧光标记技术比较了Ca²⁺,La³⁺,Eu³⁺和Yb³⁺离子对钙调蛋白与单克隆抗体2C3之间分子识别的影响.结果表明,金属离子与钙调蛋白作用后会诱导其发生不同的构象变化,并进一步影响到钙调蛋白与单克隆抗体2C3分子之间的结合强度.当钙调蛋白分别与La³⁺,Eu³⁺,Yb³⁺作用后,它与单抗2C3分子之间的解离常数为(26.8±2.5),(21.8±3.4)和(64.8±5.1)nmol/L,而结合Ca²⁺前后的钙调蛋白与单抗分子的解离常数分别为(177.2±2.8)和(157±4.2)nmol/L.这一结果表明,稀土离子诱导钙调蛋白发生的构象变化明显不同于钙离子的作用,这种差异可能是稀土与钙离子对钙调蛋白调控作用表现出差别的原因.     

钙离子和镁离子浓度变化对磷脂酰乙醇胺-磷脂酰甘油双分子层膜的影响（英文）

钙离子和镁离子是生物细胞中重要的二价阳离子,对生物膜结构保持和功能行使发挥重要作用。但至今,对两种阳离子在不同浓度下与大肠杆菌内膜相互作用的认识仍存在局限。本文采用动态光散射(DLS)、zeta电势实验、全原子分子动力学模拟(AA-MD),定量研究了不同浓度的钙离子和镁离子对混合磷脂双分子层膜(1-棕榈酰基-2-油酰基-sn-丙三基-3-磷酸乙醇胺(POPE):1-棕榈酰基-2-油酰基-sn-丙三基-3-磷酸甘油(POPG)的摩尔比为3:1)模拟的大肠杆菌内膜的影响。DLS结果表明,在0和1 mmol·L~(-1)钙离子或镁离子溶液中,POPE/POPG脂质体为均匀的单分散体系。当两种离子浓度分别提高到5–100 mmol·L~(-1)范围时,单室脂质体间发生脂分子聚集或脂质体融合事件。Zeta电势数据表明,钙离子或镁离子对电负性的POPE/POPG脂质体均有电荷反转效果。AA-MD模拟计算结果表明,当模拟时间超过100 ns时,各浓度的钙离子稳定地吸附在磷脂双分子层膜上,而镁离子动态地吸附/解吸附于磷脂膜,这些结果与DLS和zeta电势实验基本吻合。同时,通过计算径向分布函数,分析了0、5、100 mmol·L~(-1)浓度溶液中POPE和POPG的磷酸、羰基和羟基基团氧原子的第一配位壳层中的钙离子或镁离子的平均配位数目,结果表明两种离子主要结合在POPE和POPG电负性的磷酸基团上,因此可以解释DLS实验中钙离子或镁离子对POPE/POPG脂质体的电荷反转现象。另外,随着离子浓度的增高,钙离子减小了磷脂双分子层膜的单个磷脂面积,同时使膜的厚度增大,而镁离子对膜的两种参数影响较小。同时,相同浓度条件下两种离子对膜中磷脂分子的取向影响不同。这些模拟结果可在原子水平上解释DLS和zeta电势实验中钙离子和镁离子对POPE/POPG脂质体的不同影响。本文的实验和分子动力学模拟结果可以解释一些与二价阳离子调控相关的生物学过程,例如,膜融合。     

pH和钙离子协同控制的纳米流体门控器件

生命体内的钙离子通道在各种生物功能调节过程及生命活动中起着至关重要的作用. 模仿生物体中钙离子通道的各种功能性, 构建人工智能通道, 并研究通道中的钙离子输运性能成为一项非常重要的研究课题. 通过重粒子轰击技术及径迹刻蚀方法在高分子聚合物薄膜上设计并制备了一种非对称的锥形多孔纳米通道. 并且通过在锥形纳米通道内壁修饰功能分子O-磷酸基L-络氨酸(OPLT)使纳米通道具有pH与钙离子协同响应的功能. 此体系模仿了生物体中钙离子响应的离子通道的离子输运行为, 及类似二极管的离子整流特性, 并表现出了稳定的离子门控特性及可逆性. 当pH为5时, 通道内壁修饰的OPLT中的氨基使通道内壁显正电性, 通道表现为选择阴离子, 而排斥阳离子的离子选择输运性能, 加入钙离子后离子电流并无明显变化, 此时纳米通道不具有钙离子响应性质; 当pH为9时, OPLT中的磷酸根基团使通道内壁呈现负电性, 通道表现出选择阳离子, 而排斥阴离子的离子选择输运性能, 此时向纳米系统中加入钙离子, 钙离子与磷酸根离子络合, 离子电流改变. 即OPLT修饰的纳米通道具有pH与钙离子协同响应的性能.     

硫醇－磷脂混合双层膜的电化学性质及其与蜂毒素的相互 作用研究

报道了硫醇－磷脂混合双层膜的循环伏安和电化学交流阻抗行为研究,并用电化学方法考察了蜂毒素与其相互作用,实验中通过冷冻表面沾有磷脂溶液的硫醇单层膜制备混合双层膜,研究表明双层膜在电极表面形成致密的绝缘层,阻碍了电极表面的电子传递,在双层膜体系上引入的蜂毒素可在膜表面上形成孔洞,破坏膜的绝缘性,降低膜电阻,增加膜电容,使带负电的探针Fe(CN)6^3-的氧化还原反应速度加快。     

Preparation and characterization of asymmetric planar supported bilayers composed of poly(bis-sorbylphosphatidylcholine) on n-octadecyltrichlorosilane SAMs

Planar supported lipid bilayers (PSLBs) have been widely studied as biomembrane models and biosensor scaffolds. For technological applications, a major limitation of PSLBs composed of fluid lipids is that the bilayer structure is readily disrupted when exposed to chemical, mechanical, and thermal stresses. A number of asymmetric supported bilayer structures, such as the hybrid bilayer membrane (HBM) and the tethered bilayer lipid membrane (tBLM), have been created as an alternative to symmetric PSLBs. In both HBMs and tBLMs, the inner monolayer is covalently attached to the substrate while the outer monolayer is typically composed of a fluid lipid. Here we address if cross-linking polymerization of the lipids in the outer monolayer of an asymmetric supported bilayer can achieve the high degree of stability observed previously for symmetric PSLBs in which both monolayers are cross-linked [E.E. Ross, L.J. Rozanski, T. Spratt, S.C. Liu, D.F. O'Brien, S.S. Saavedra, Langmuir 19 (2003) 1752]. To explore this issue, HBMs composed of an outer monolayer of a cross-linkable lipid, bis-sorbylphosphatidylcholine (bis-SorbPC), and an inner SAM were prepared and characterized. Several experimental conditions were varied: vesicle fusion time, polymerization method, and polymerization time and temperature. Under most conditions, bis-SorbPC cross-linking stabilized the HBM such that its bilayer structure was largely preserved after drying; however these films invariably contained sub-micron scale defects that exposed the hydrophobic core of the HBM. The defects appear to be caused by desorption of low molecular weight oligomers when the film is removed from water, rinsed, and dried. In contrast, poly(bis-SorbPC) PSLBs prepared under similar conditions by Ross et al. were nearly defect free. This comparison shows that formation of a cross-linked network in the outer leaflet of an asymmetric supported bilayer is insufficient to prevent lipid desorption; inter-leaflet covalent linking appears to be necessary to create supported poly(lipid) assemblies that are impervious to repeated drying and rehydration. The difference in stability is attributed to inter-leaflet cross-linking between monolayers which can form in symmetric bis-SorbPC PSLBs.     

Hybrid bilayer membrane: a platform to study the role of proton flux on the efficiency of oxygen reduction by a molecular electrocatalyst

In this report, we present a novel platform to study proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) by controlling the proton flux using an electrode-supported hybrid bilayer membrane (HBM). Oxygen reduction by an iron porphyrin was used as a model PCET reaction. The proton flux was controlled by incorporating an aliphatic proton carrier, decanoic acid, into the lipid layer of the HBM. Using this system, we observed a different catalytic behavior than obtained by simply changing the pH of the solution in the absence of an HBM.     

Ferrocene embedded in an electrode-supported hybrid lipid bilayer membrane: a model system for electrocatalysis in a biomimetic environment

An electrode-supported system in which ferrocene molecules are embedded in a hybrid bilayer membrane (HBM) has been prepared and characterized. The redox properties of the ferrocene molecules were studied by varying the lipid and alkanethiol building blocks of the HBM. The midpoint potential and electron transfer rate of the embedded ferrocene were found to be dependent on the hydrophobic nature of the electrolyte and the distance at which the ferrocene was positioned in the HBM relative to the electrode and the solution. Additionally, the ability of the lipid-embedded ferrocenium ions to oxidize solution phase ascorbic acid was evaluated and found to be dependent on the nature of the counterion.     

充蜡石墨支撑的季铵离子/己二酸混合双层膜上钙离子诱发的离子通道行为

以充蜡石墨电极作为新型支撑体,成功制备了一种季铵离子为内层（包括四丁 基铵TBA,十六烷基三甲基铵CTrMA）,己二酸（HDA）为外层的新型自组装混合双 层膜,以循环伏安和电化学交流阻抗方法研究了膜的离子通道行为。该膜能够接受 Ca~(2+)的刺激作用而打开[Fe(CN)_6]~(3-/4-)电极氧化还原的离子通道,撤走该 刺激离子则通道关闭。提出了混合双层膜的结构和离子通道作用的模型,指出外层 膜HDA分子可能具有V型和W型两种结构。     

Characterization and control of lipid layer fluidity in hybrid bilayer membranes

The main gel-to-liquid-crystal (LC) phase transition temperature, T(m), of the distal lipid layer in hybrid bilayer membranes (HBMs) under water was investigated using vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy (VSFS). VSFS has unique sensitivity to order/disorder transitions in the lipid acyl chains and can determine T(m) for the lipid monolayers in HBMs. We recently reported the observation that T(m) is raised and the transition width is broadened for the overlying phospholipid monolayer in HBM systems formed on densely packed crystalline self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as compared to that of vesicles in solution. In this report, we establish that T(m) for the lipid layer of HBMs can be controlled by proper choice of the SAM underlayer. The SAM underlayer of the HBM was systematically altered by using an alkane thiol, a saturated thiolipid, a mixed SAM of a saturated lipid-pyridine disulfide, and finally a mixed SAM of an unsaturated lipid-pyridine disulfide. T(m) was measured for two different chain length saturated phosphatidylcholine lipid overlayers on these SAMs. The values obtained show that Tm of the lipid layer of HBMs is sensitive to the composition and/or packing density of molecules in the underlying SAM.     

Encapsulation of drugs by lyophilized empty dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes: effect of calcium ion

The effects of divalent cation (Ca2+) on the characteristics of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes regenerated from lyophilized empty liposomes by rehydration and warming were investigated. The results showed that the volume (ml) of internal aqueous compartment per g lipid (captured volume; Vcap) has a maximum at a certain concentration range of calcium chloride and the maximal value is more than ten times the minimal value. This phenomenon can be explained by considering that binding of Ca2+ to phosphate groups in DPPC molecules induces an increase in the distance (r) between adjacent bilayer membranes in multilamellar liposomes through electrostatic force and causes an increase in Vcap. The dynamic properties of lyophilized liposomes in the rehydration process were examined using a multilamellar vesicle model. The results of simulation suggested that a repulsive force induced between the adjacent bilayer membranes causes rearrangement of the constituent lipid molecules in a liposome followed by an increase in the distance r, a decrease in the internal lamellar number, a smaller increase in liposome size and finally a significant increase in Vcap.     

Effect of Pinellia ternata Lectin on Membrane Currents of Mouse Motor Nerve Terminals

Pinellia ternata lectin (PTL) extracted from the fresh juice of rhizome of pinellia ternata used as a traditional Chinese medicine facilitated the quantal release of acetylcholine (ACh) in the mouse motor nerve terminals and formed cation channels in artificial lipid bilayer. Here we report the action of PTL on presynaptic membrane currents of motor nerve terminals.The experiments were performed on the intercostal nerve triangularis sterni muscle preparations. By means of the perineurial recording, the effects of PTL on the sodium current in the preterminal part , three potassium currents and two calcium currents generated from the nerve terminals were investigated. The results show that PTL increases voltage-dependent fast Ca2+ current (ICa,f), Na+ current (INa) and Ca2+-acti-vated K+ current (IK,Ca) without action on either the voltage-dependent fast K+ current (IK,f) or the slow K+ current (IK,S). These effects are irreversible, but can be reversed by mannan, the specific binding sugar for PTL.The to     

Enzyme activity to augment the characterization of tethered bilayer membranes

The rate of Ca2+ -triggered phospholipase A2 (PLA2) degradation of tethered bilayer membranes (tBLMs), composed of a synthetic lipid, beta-mercaptoethanol, and palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC), is approximately 80 times greater than for those prepared with diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine (DPhyPC). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and neutron reflectivity (NR) data indicate complete, water-free tBLMs that exhibit near ideal capacitive behavior and the presence of a water reservoir in the bilayer subspace proximal to the substrate (Au) surface for both tBLMs. Together these data indicate that the POPC and the DPhyPC tBLMs are structurally similar along the surface normal but markedly different at the outer leaflet/solution interface and that PLA2 is a sensitive probe of short length scale structural differences not revealed by EIS and NR.     

Molecular dynamics simulations of the Ca2+-pump: a structural analysis

We report large scale molecular dynamics computer simulations, ～100 ns, of the ion pump Ca(2+)-ATPase immersed in a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) bilayer. The structure simulated here, E1, one of the several conformations resolved using X-ray diffraction techniques, hosts two Ca(2+)-ions in the hydrophobic domain. Our results indicate that protonated residues lead to stronger ion-residue interactions, supporting previous conclusions regarding the sensitivity of the Ca(2+) behaviour to the protonated state of the amino acid binding sites. We also investigate how the protein perturbs the bilayer structure. We show that the POPC bilayer is ～12% thinner than the pure bilayer, near the protein surface. This perturbation decays exponentially with the distance from the protein with a characteristic decay length of 0.8 nm. We find that the projected area per lipid also decreases near the protein. Using an analytical model we show that this change in the area is only apparent and it can be explained by considering the local curvature of the membrane. Our results indicate that the real area per lipid near the protein is not significantly modified with respect to the pure bilayer result. Further our results indicate that the local deformation of the membrane around the protein might be compatible with the enhanced protein activity observed in experiments over a narrow range of membrane thicknesses.