压电晶体传感器的研究进展

本文简要介绍了压电晶体传感器的基本原理,以及基于质量、粘度、电导率变化的溶液分析法。重点介绍了电化学石英晶体微天平（EQCM）、压电生物传感器;对具有很大发展潜力和重要应用价值的串联式压电传感器（SPQC）、串联式表面声波电导传感器（SAW）、液隔电极式压电传感器（ESPS）等也作了简要说明。     

表面等离子体共振法检测人血清白蛋白抗体活性

表面等离子体共振法是研究生物大分子间相互作用的有效方法之一,和非直接方法（如酶联免疫）相比,具有实时、快速和免标记等特点。我们在甲羧基化葡聚糖修饰的传感片表面直接交联固一人血清白蛋白（ＨＳＡ）,用于ａｎｔｉ－ＨＳＡ抗体活性的检测,并用Ｈ３ＰＯ４（０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）溶液再生。结果表明表面等离子体共振（ＳＰＲ）生物传感器能快速实时检测ａｎｔｉ－ＨＳＡ抗体的活性,且传感片能够重复使用１００次以上。     

杯芳烃涂层厚度剪切模式声波传感器对苯甲醚的主-客识别

实验考察了６种合成的杯芳烃化合物涂层的厚度剪切模式（ＴＳＭ）声波传感器对３０多种有机蒸气的频移响应情况，发现３７，３８，３９，４０，４１，４２－六（乙氧基羰基甲氧基）杯［６］芳烃对苯甲醚分子具有灵敏的主－客识别功能。当涂载量为４３μｇ时，传感器的线性响应范围可达０．０１６～２５．４０６ｍｇ／Ｌ，灵敏度为４３．８Ｈｚ／（ｍｇ·Ｌ－１）（３０℃±０．５℃），检测下限可达０．００７ｍｇ／Ｌ。传感器具有重现性和稳定性好、响应较快的优点，羧酸和含苯环类化合物对传感器有一定干扰，而湿度不干扰。将该传感器用于苯甲醚样品的测定，测量精度与气相色谱法相当，回收率为９７．５２％～１０４．３７％。     

基于ZIF-8电化学传感器构建及用于检测饮料中新橙皮苷二氢查耳酮

采用电泳沉积法,成功在玻碳电极（GCE）表面制备了一层ZIF-8材料薄膜,再在其表面滴涂一层全氟化树脂溶液（Nafion）,形成ZIF-8/Nafion复合膜,用于构建检测高倍甜味剂新橙皮苷二氢查耳酮（NHDC）的电化学传感器。利用电化学交流阻抗（EIS）技术对该传感器进行表征,采用循环伏安法（CV）研究NHDC在ZIF-8/Nafion电极表面的电化学行为,并优化实验条件。NHDC在ZIF-8/Nafion膜上有灵敏的响应。采用差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）建立了定量检测NHDC的方法,方法线性范围为0.16～160μmol/L,检出限为56 nmol/L。该方法检测饮料中NHDC的加标回收率范围为99.0%～101.3%。     

氧化铱膜增强的阻抗免疫传感器快速检测癌胚抗原

本文研制了一种基于IrO_x薄膜的阻抗型免疫传感器用于简单、快速灵敏地检测人血清中癌胚抗原（CEA）浓度。采用在金电极表面同时电化学沉积IrO_x薄膜和蛋白A（PA），构建成传感界面介导抗体的定向固定。着重考察了传感检测的最优条件：电化学沉积时间及PA的浓度。在最优化的实验条件下，测得CEA 的浓度为36.2 - 460.0 ng/mL，检测下限为28.0 ng/mL。同时，采用该分析方法检测临床样品，并与化学发光免疫分析法进行了比较，实验结果表明该阻抗型免疫分析方法可推广于临床实验室CEA的免疫检测。     

玻碳电极界面的阻抗谱数学表达及定量分析

玻碳电极（GCE）是各类电化学传感器常用的基础电极,其界面特征直接影响检测性能。本文详细考察了电极体系的电化学过程,针对GCE传感界面,探讨了一个等效电路中电解质电阻、电荷输运电阻、扩散阻抗、电化学（氧化/还原）反应阻抗、表面吸附阻抗和双电层电容等电学元件的物理意义,并给出了对应的数学模型。通过改变模型中5个参数值,模拟了不同状态下的阻抗谱,分析了电极系统各参数对GCE阻抗谱的贡献规律。最后,采用该数学模型对裸GCE和修饰GCE在铁氰化钾溶液中的阻抗谱进行分析,拟合结果与实验数据吻合度高;基于拟合获得参数,定量对比分析了修饰前后电极表面的特征变化。     

基于铁氰化镍的非标记型核酸适配体电化学传感器检测凝血酶

在玻碳电极（GCE）表面首先用增敏作用的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)夹心于两层电沉积的铁氰化镍（NiHCF）氧化还原电化学探针之间,然后以金纳米粒子为固定核酸适配体的载体,构建了检测凝血酶的非标记型核酸适配体生物传感器。 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对MWCNTs和NiHCF的形貌进行了表征。 利用电化学阻抗谱对传感器的组装过程进行了监测,用循环伏安法（CV）和差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）对传感器的电化学行为进行了研究。 以铁氰化镍为探针的传感器对凝血酶的检测在1.0 ng/L~1.0 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.998,检测限为0.2 ng/L(S/N=3)。     

用于测量纤维浓度的方法和装置

发明了一种用于在机器中尤其是在制造纸浆的磨浆机中测量纸浆中的纤维浓度的方法，该机器包括定子和相对的转子，它们形成用于纸浆的研磨间隙。定子设有至少一个传感器装置，所述传感器装置设计成与转子表面相互作用，并且包括具有传感器表面的阻抗计主体，该阻抗计主体以能够轴向运动的方式安装在定子中。该方法的特征是在阻抗计主体的轴向运动期间对在转子表面和传感器表面之间的阻抗进行测量，并且将所测量出的阻抗差与动程的大小一起用来确定纸浆的介电常数，从中推导出在纸浆中的纤维浓度。     

表面等离子体子共振生物传感器用于乙肝表面抗原的测定

运用自行研制的表面等离子体子共振（SPR）生物传感器，采用自组装成膜技 术并以戊二醛作偶联剂，在传感片表面修饰HBsAg单克隆抗体，将其用于乙肝表面 抗原（HBsAg)的检测。实验结果表明SPR生物传感器对HBsAg的检出限为0.06ng/mL 。与传统的酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）相比，SPR生物传感器的检出灵敏度明显高 于ELISA法。用该SPR生物传感器对HBsAg质控血清与纯化的HBsAg溶液进行比较检测 ，结果表明该SPR生物传感器对HBsAg具有好的特异选择性。     

一种胶质瘤细胞的核酸适体电化学阻抗传感器

本文基于交流阻抗谱技术发展了一种新型的高灵敏核酸适体传感器用于胶质瘤细胞的检测。该传感器通过巯基在金表面的混合自组装,将腱肽蛋白c的核酸适体探针固定于金电极表面。基于腱肽蛋白在胶质瘤细胞表面的高表达,利用细胞与电极表面核酸适体探针的特异性生物识别对铁氰化物电化学阻抗的抑制,建立了胶质瘤细胞检测的核酸适体传感器。考察并优化了核酸适体/巯基丙酸混合自组装比例、反应时间、温度和离子强度等对传感器性能有显著影响的分析条件,结果表明该传感器的阻抗响应与胶质瘤细胞浓度呈线性关系,线性范围为100~50 000 cell/mL,其检出限可达50 cell/mL。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.