有机染料敏化网状二氧化钛纳米纤维微孔膜太阳能电池研究

利用静电纺丝技术, 在TiO₂纳米粒子上电纺一层网状TiO₂纳米纤维微孔膜作为光散射层, 并在TiO₂纳米粒子中掺杂少量MgO以抑制电子和空穴的复合, 得到TiO₂纳米纤维/纳米粒子复合光阳极用于染料敏化太阳能电池. 将这种光阳极分别与有机三苯胺染料SD2, SD3或钌染料N719及鹅脱氧胆酸(CDCA)共敏化时, 在AM 1.5 (100 mW/cm²)的模拟太阳光照射下, 染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转换效率达到6.35%～8.85%. 同时, 使用半固态电解质可以达到液态电解质90%的光电转换效率.     

染料敏化太阳能电池中meso-D-π-A卟啉分子设计的最新研究进展

与已经商业化的硅太阳能电池相比,染料敏化太阳能电池(Dye-sensitized solar cells, DSC)因制备工艺简单、成本低和较高的光电转换效率而成为研究的热点。本文从设计D-π-A卟啉染料的思路出发,阐述了DSC中meso-卟啉染料的给体、取代基、π桥及受体对其性能的影响。     

染料敏化太阳能电池中meso-D-π-A卟啉分子设计的研究进展

与已经商业化的硅太阳能电池相比,染料敏化太阳能电池(Dye-sensitized solar cells,DSSC)因制备工艺简单、成本低和较高的光电转换效率而成为研究的热点。本文从设计D-π-A卟啉染料的思路出发,阐述了DSSC中meso-卟啉染料的给体、取代基、π桥及受体对其性能的影响。     

染料敏化太阳能电池掺杂TiO2纳晶光阳极

染料敏化太阳能电池（dye-sensitized solar cells, DSC）效率高、制作简单、成本低,因此被认为是最有希望的第三代太阳能电池。DSC光阳极的主要作用是吸附染料、传输电子和提供电解质扩散通道,因此对DSC光电性能具有决定性作用。近年来,通过掺杂调控TiO₂光阳极的电子特性,从而提高DSC的光电效率受到广泛关注。本文对掺杂TiO₂光阳极的研究现状进行了综述,重点分析了非金属元素、过渡金属元素及主族元素的掺杂对TiO₂光阳极的能带结构、光吸收特性、染料吸附量、电子传输和界面复合过程以及所组装DSC光电性能的影响,分析了非金属元素共掺杂的协同效应。同时,对稀土元素掺杂TiO₂作为光谱转换材料提高DSC光吸收效率和光电转换效率进行了探讨,最后论文对掺杂TiO₂光阳极今后的研究重点和研究方向进行了展望。     

电荷分离型染料在固态染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用研究

染料敏化太阳能电池中的染料起到吸收光能和传导光生电子的作用,而染料的电荷分离状态能有效提高电子注入效率,抑制电荷复合,进而提高器件性能。本文以电荷分离(CS)型染料为敏化剂,采用spiro-OMeTAD为空穴传输材料制备了全固态染料敏化太阳能电池,分析了TiO_2光阳极膜厚的影响,当TiO_2光阳极膜厚为1. 2μm时,器件性能最优;探讨了染料结构对器件性能的影响,其中染料MTPABT-Pyc的器件性能最好,其光电流和效率分别为7. 38mA/cm~2和3. 06%。相比于电荷转移(CT)型染料MTPAcc,MTPABTPyc具有相近的捕光能力,但是其效率比MTPAcc (2. 64%)提高了16%。研究结果表明,CS型染料的电荷分离态对电荷复合的抑制和空穴的传输具有明显的优势。     

双面进光太阳能电池透明对电极研究进展

近年来,太阳能电池（包括染料敏化、量子点敏化及钙钛矿太阳能电池）因其成本低、质量轻、效率高受到研究人员的广泛关注.双面进光太阳能电池是太阳光能通过光阳极以及透明对电极同时入射的器件,是近年来扩宽太阳能电池光利用率及能效以达到提高器件光电性能的主要手段,其中透明对电极的性能直接影响器件的背面进光效率,因此研究对电极对提高双面进光太阳能电池光电转化效率十分必要.本文针对传统对电极透光性低,成本高,光利用率低等问题,与双面进光的高光电转换效率以及低成本等特点对比,综合分析了透明对电极材料的选择及界面修饰改性等对双面进光染料敏化、量子点敏化及钙钛矿太阳能电池光电性能的影响及其应用前景.     

电沉积法制备固态染料敏化太阳能电池

本文采用一步电化学沉积的方法在导电玻璃上先后沉积了ZnO/染料复合薄膜以及CuSCN薄层,实现仅以电沉积法制备结构为ZnO/染料/CuSCN的固态染料敏化太阳能电池,电池的光电转换效率达到0.1%.在电沉积CuSCN前,脱附电沉积制备的ZnO/染料复合薄膜中的染料以形成多孔ZnO薄膜,然后通过染料再吸附得到染料敏化ZnO纳晶多孔薄膜.在电沉积过程中,ZnO和CuSCN的晶体尺寸、晶体取向和膜层形貌都可以进行比较精准的控制.探讨了影响沉积薄膜形貌和光电转换效率的因素,如旋转圆盘电极的旋转速度、电沉积温度以及染料敏化剂的选择.本文报道的低温电沉积制备全固态太阳能电池的方法为制备柔性染料敏化太阳能电池提供了一种新的思路.     

染料敏化纳米太阳能电池

本文介绍了染料敏化纳米太阳能电池的结构和原理,对纳米TiO₂膜、敏化染料、空穴传输材料的研究进展进行了综述.     

N,N-二甲基碘化铵:染料敏化太阳能电池钙钛矿前驱体电解质的高效添加剂

钙钛矿前驱体（PbI₂和CH₃NH₃I）分散体系，作为一种新型染料敏化太阳能电池（Dye-sensitized Solar Cells，DSSCs）电解质，光电流和光电压的继续提升是其发展过程中亟待解决的问题.在本工作中，研究发现，通过引入二甲基碘化铵（DMAI）作为钙钛矿前驱体电解质的高效添加剂，可将光电流密度从12.85 mA·cm^-2急剧提升至19.19 mA· cm^-2.借助阻抗和塔菲尔曲线分析，发现其光电流的增加与TiO₂半导体导带的向上移动对不平衡载流子复合的抑制作用具有一定的相关性.进一步通过叔丁基吡啶的调节作用，可将光电转换效率提高到8.46%，超过了传统的碘电解质.也为染料敏化太阳能电池的研究开辟了新的途径.     

方酸染料在染料敏化太阳能电池及氰离子检测中的应用研究

<正>染料敏化纳米晶二氧化钛太阳能电池制备简单、成本低、光电转换效率高,已成为当前光电转换器件研究的热点之一.但目前还有许多制约染料敏化太阳能电池光电转换效率的问题有待解决.基于目前染料敏化太阳能电池在长波区采光不足的问题,本论文深入研究了在红光区域具有强吸光能力的方酸类染料在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用,重点考察了方酸染料的结构对其光电转换性质的影响,并开辟了一种协同敏化新技术,还利用方酸染料的β-环糊精包合物实现了水溶液中氰根离子的高选择性检测.具体研究结果如下:     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.