差示扫描量热法测定食用油脂的热氧化稳定性及氧化寿命

利用差示扫描量热法（DSC）测定了四种食用花生油的热氧化稳定性,用Ozawa法和Kissinger法计算了四种食用花生油热氧化反应的动力学参数,推算了不同温度下的氧化寿命。     

微波条件下双酚A向食品模拟物的迁移研究

采用气相色谱-质谱联用法研究了微波条件对食品接触材料中双酚A在水、乙酸（3%,体积分数）、乙醇（10%,体积分数）、橄榄油4种食品模拟物中迁移行为的影响。在微波加热下,食品快速升温并能将热量传递给外部包装,从而加速包装材料中双酚A向食品的迁移。研究了不同微波温度、时间和功率下双酚A在4种食品模拟物中的迁移规律,结果表明：微波对双酚A迁移有显著影响,迁移量随着微波温度、时间和功率的增加而增加。在相同加热温度和时间条件下,微波加热方式中双酚A在4种食品模拟物种的迁移量均高于水浴加热。     

六硼化镧于800及1000℃时在空气中的氧化作用

1.用称重、化学分析、X射线相分析等方法研究六硼化镧于800及1000°在空气中的氧化作用。2.在试验中采用酸洗除氧化膜方法求得真实氧化量、结果表明以原试样单位表面积计的氧化量(μ)随温度、时间的增加而增加。3.生成物之一氧化硼在试验条件下将部分挥发。由于氧化硼挥发速度的差(己廾)导致800°与1000°时生成的氧化膜之组成有所不同,而试样在各温度下不同的重量变化系氧化增重和氧化硼挥发而减重两因素加合的结果。     

用热重红外光谱联用技术研究混煤热解特性

用热重分析仪和傅里叶红外光谱仪，对混煤在惰性气氛中的慢速热解特性进行了动态分析，考察了煤种、掺混比例以及加热速率对热解的影响。结果表明，混煤的热解与单煤的热解有相似之处，热解组分的析出随温度的变化规律一致，但其组分析出量并不是单煤热解析出量的简单叠加。由于掺混煤种间的相互作用，混煤热解气体在析出时间和析出量上均发生了变化。通过对红外吸收光谱的分析，发现混煤热解气体析出规律受掺混煤种的影响很大，高活性煤种的存在会降低混煤热解的初析温度，增加热解气体的析出量，其掺混比例越高，影响也越明显。     

微波在柴油机滤烟器催化再生中的应用：Ⅰ.滤烟器在氮气中的微波加热温 …

利用柴油机台架装置及微波加热装置考察了柴油机催化滤烟器的微波加热温升效应。结果表明,过滤体上捕集的烟碳量对催化滤烟器在氮气中的微波加热温升至关重要,烟碳量的微小增加,可引起滤烟体温度的显著升高。另外,当微波加热过程中隔离氧气时,滤烟体上出现了明显的金属氧化物催化剂被碳还原的现象。     

微波在柴油机滤烟器催化再生中的应用 Ⅰ.滤烟器在氮气中的微波加热温升行为

利用柴油机台架装置及微波加热装置考察了柴油机催化滤烟器的微波加热温升效应． 结果表明,过滤体上捕集的烟碳量对催化滤烟器在氮气中的微波加热温升至关重要,烟碳量的微小增加,可引起滤烟体温度的显著升高． 另外,当微波加热过程中隔离氧气时,滤烟体上出现了明显的金属氧化物催化剂被碳还原的现象．     

Fe-Al和Co-Al合金的表面分析

用XPS研究了Fe-Al和Co-Al合金,并与金属铁粉和钴粉作了比较。结果表明在真空中加热时Fe-Al合金表面的铁的氧化物被部分地还原成金属铁,与此同时表面的金属铝部分地氧化成氧化铝。该现象可用下述氧化—还原反应来解释: Fe_2O_3+2Al→2Fe+Al_2O_3对于Co-Al合金在真空中加热时也观察到类似的氧化—还原反应。实验结果还表明在真空中加热时Fe-Al合金和Co-Al合金表面都发生铝偏析,其偏析程度随加热时间增加而增加。     

银负载量及反应气预处理对银催化剂上氢气中CO选择氧化反应的影响

 考察了银负载量及反应气预处理对银催化剂上CO选择氧化反应的影响．结果表明，O2转化率、CO的转化率及选择性都随着银负载量的增加而升高，CO氧化的选择性随着温度的降低而升高，低温下的选择性可达70％～80％．CO－TPR谱显示，产物CO2脱附量及脱附温度的次序与CO选择氧化活性有一致的对应关系．当反应气处理温度为300℃时，催化剂上CO氧化活性最高；随着反应气处理温度的继续升高，CO氧化活性及选择性反而降低．金属银的粒子尺寸随着银负载量的增加而增大；高温下反应气处理后，金属银粒子的尺寸明显减小．催化剂上CO氧化活性及选择性与银粒子的大小及催化剂的表面结构有关．     

MoO3表面分散作用对丝光沸石晶体结构的影响

将晶相MoO_3与丝光沸石充分研磨混合后,在一定高温下加热,MoO_3在丝光沸石上自发分散。当分散量较少时,丝光沸石的晶休结构无明显变化,加热时间的延长,MoO_3分散量增加。沸石结晶度降低;当分散量相同时,加热时间延长,沸石结晶度不变。结果表明,丝光沸石晶体结构的破坏,是由于分散的表面层钼与沸石骨架强烈相互作用的结果。MoO_3分散量越多,这种相互作用越强,沸石结晶度越低。     

202热处理防护涂料

在钢铁工业、机械工业的生产中,常常需要将钢件加热,由于气氛中氧气的作用,钢件表面组份和尺寸会发生变化,从而影响钢件使用性能和增加钢件加工工作量。保护钢件在加热过程中不氧化、不脱碳是生产中一个很突出的问题。202 涂料便是一种硅酸盐质的钢件热处理保护用的涂料,它在常温下涂敷在一般碳钢和某些含碳合金钢表面,高温时对其表面起着抗氧化、防脱碳的保护作用。涂料使用的温度范围为800—1200℃,保护时间依温度高低而定,可达数小时至十几小时。涂料涂敷在钢件平整表面上,在一般情况下,钢件加热后冷却时,涂层自行剥落。     

芬顿反应体系中胆固醇氧化产物的研究

研究表明胆固醇氧化物具有致癌性等多种不良生理功能。极微量的此类化合物即可造成主动脉平滑肌细胞的严重损伤，即动脉粥样硬化的前期征兆。在人体血液和动物源性食品中均有胆固醇氧化产物检出，可能来自外源性摄入及内源性自生。这是由于在人体内存在的自由基为     

流动注射化学发光法测定人体血清中的胆固醇

流行病学和临床证明,血清中胆固醇含量的高低和人体的心血管疾病等有着十分密切的关系[1],因而血清胆固醇测定可作为肝脏功能、胆汁功能、肠吸收、冠状动脉疾病、甲状腺功能和肾上腺疾病的诊断指征。血清中胆固醇含量的测定方法有分光光度法、酶法、化学发光法、色谱法、气质联     

Microcalorimetric Determination of Serum Triglycerides and Cholesterol

Abstract

Reaction heats measured in a microcalorimeter between varying amounts of human serum and 700 IU of lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) and those between serum and 8 U of cholesterol oxidase (EC 1.1.3.6) were significantly linear with the contents of triglycerides (r=1.00) and cholesterol (r=0.99), respectively. However, when sera from 13 human volunteers were subject to comparative study between the micro-calorimetric and spectrophotometric methods, the correlation became less appreciable (r=0.70 and r=0.71) presumably due to the individual variations in free glycerol and cholesterol ester-constituents that were deliberately omitted in the microcalorimetric method but were routinely included in the standard (multi-enzymatic) spectro-photometric clinical method. The contribution of interfering substances, if any, is not totally ruled out.     

Thermal analysis and microscopical characterization of cholesterol in gallstones

Summary Cholesterol constitutes the major component of most gallstones. It was identified and determined in gallstones by thermal analysis technique (DSC and TG-DTA), mainly by the use of the melting temperature (T_onset=145°C and T_max=149°C) and by DTG peak decomposition (T_max=364°C). Cholesterol anhydrous (ChA), which showed endothermic polymorphic peak, T_max=40°C, without mass loss, was differentiated from cholesterol monohydrate (ChH), which showed a broad endothermic peak, T_max=59°C, attributed to loss of water of crystallization (theoretical 4.45%). Morphological studies of gallstones were performed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The stones consisted of a pigmented core with a variably-sized irregular central cavity, surrounded by a radially arranged deposits of plate-like ChH. The outer part of the stones showed ChA crystal arborescences. X-ray microanalysis gave a typical spectrum rich in C and O, and in some instances the presence of P, which was attributed to the presence of phospholipids. CaCO₃ was easily characterized by TG with the use of DTG decomposition peak at 674°C.     

Polypyrrole/multiwalled carbon nanotubes‐based biosensor for cholesterol estimation

The nanocomposite electrode comprising of polypyrrole (PPY) and carboxy functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) has been electrochemically fabricated onto indium–tin–oxide (ITO) electrode using p‐toluene sulfonic acid (PTS). Cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) and cholesterol esterase (ChEt) have been immobilized onto this PPY– MWCNT/ITO nanocomposite electrode using N‐ethyl‐N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N‐hydroxy succinimide chemistry for estimation of esterified cholesterol. The ChEt–ChOx/PPY–MWCNT/PTS/ITO bioelectrode has been characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical techniques, and scanning electron microscope. This ChEt–ChOx/PPY–MWCNT/PTS/ITO nanobioelectrode has a response time of about 9 s, linearity of 4 × 10^?4 to 6.5 × 10^?3 M/l of cholesterol oleate concentration, K_m of 0.02 mM, and thermal stability of upto 45°C. This electrode exhibits improved biosensing characteristics compared with other total cholesterol electrodes reported in literature till date and can be used to estimate cholesterol in blood serum samples. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

胆固醇对卵磷脂有序体中生成CaCO3晶型的影响

报道了在卵磷脂、胆固醇、橄榄油、电解质溶液组成的分子有序组合体中,胆固醇的加入影响了有序体的膜结构、表面特性,从而也影响到有序体微环境中所生成的CaCO₃晶体结构。随着胆固醇含量增加,在一定范围内球霰石的相对含量增大;油包水体系中生成的球霰石相对含量远大于水包油体系中生成的球霰石相对含量。     

Kinetics of cholesterol oxidation by cholesterol oxidase

Kinetic studies of cholesterol oxidation catalyzed by soluble cholesterol oxidase fromBrevibacterium were conducted. The optimum temperature and pH were found to be 40–45°C and 7.0, respectively. A plot of initial reaction rate versus cholesterol concentration is sigmoidal in shape. Analysis of the data suggests that the reaction follows a concerted model and not a stepwise model.     

Cyclodextrins as hosts for poorly water-soluble compounds in enzyme catalysis

The capability of cyclodextrins to enhance greatly the solubility in water of poorly water-soluble substances makes them an ideal alter native for investigating the expression of enzyme activity with such substrates in aqueous solution. This capability is demonstrated by using soybean lipoxygenase with linoleic acid/β-cyclodextrin and di ethylstilbestrol/γ-cyclodextrin, and cholesterol oxidase with choles terol/methyl-β-cyclodextrin.     

New Amperometric Cholesterol Biosensors Using Poly(ethyleneoxide) Conducting Polymers

Accumulation of cholesterol in human blood can cause several health problems such as heart disease, coronary artery disease, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, cerebral thrombosis, etc. Therefore, simple and fast cholesterol determination in blood is clinically important. In this study, two types of amperometric cholesterol biosensors were designed by physically entrapping cholesterol oxidase in conducting polymers; thiophene capped poly(ethyleneoxide)/polypyrrole (PEO-co-PPy) and 3-methylthienyl methacrylate-co-p-vinyl benzyloxy poly(ethyleneoxide)/polypyrrole (CP-co-PPy). PEO-co-PPy and CP-co-PPy were synthesized electrochemically and cholesterol oxidase was immobilized by entrapment during electropolymerization. The amperometric responses of the enzyme electrodes were measured by monitoring oxidation current of H₂O₂ at +0.7 V in the absence of a mediator. Kinetic parameters, such as Km and Imax, operational and storage stabilities, effects of pH and temperature were determined for both entrapment supports. Km values were found as 1.47 and 5.16 mM for PEO-co-PPy and CP-co-PPy enzyme electrodes, respectively. By using these Km values, it can be observed that ChOx immobilized in PEO-co-PPy shows higher affinity towards the substrate.     

One-pot solid phase selective aromatization of cholesterol using N-bromosuccinimide: an optimized green methodology

One-pot silica promoted selective aromatization of ring-A of cholesterol using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) has been performed. The structure of the compound has been characterized by spectral analysis (UV, FT-IR, NMR, and Mass).