四(4,4′,4″,4N,N-二乙氨基)四苯乙烯光致发光与分子的构象效应

利用还原偶联方法合成出新化合物四 (4,4′ ,4″ ,4 N ,N 二乙氨基 )四苯乙烯 (TDETE) .通过测定该化合物在溶液、掺杂聚合物中及晶体粉末的稳态 -瞬态荧光光谱、荧光量子产率和辐射衰变速率常数等 ,讨论了分子的构象效应等因素对TDETE光致发光行为的影响 .在一定浓度下TDETE溶液存在着三个发光带 ,分别为全扭曲构象分子 (位于 3 4 5nm附近的发光I带 )、半扭曲构象分子 (位于 43 0nm附近的发光II带 )和激基缔合物 (53 0nm发光III带 )的辐射衰变所致 .在聚合物(PMMA)中 ,一方面由于分子单键的自由旋转扭曲受到遏制 ,表现为II带的辐射衰变速率常数 (kf 值 )增大、同时非辐射衰变速率常数 (knf值 )减小 ;另一方面 ,TDETE分子之间相互作用得到加强而有利于缔合物形成 ,结果 ,使发光II带和III带合二为一出现了强而宽的发射峰 ,荧光量子产率从溶液中的 0 0 55提高到 0 855.此外 ,在PMMA介质中观测到TDETE分子聚集体在 62 6nm处的发光带 (IV) ,粉末态中聚集体IV带的强度骤增 ,峰值波长红移至 650nm     

苯基桥联双咔咯镓配合物的合成与发光性质

合成了苯基桥联双咔咯(1)及其镓配合物(2),利用紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis),核磁共振波谱(1H NMR,19F NMR)及质谱(MS)对它们进行了表征.采用稳态和时间分辨荧光光谱对化合物1和2的发光性质进行了研究.实验结果表明,双咔咯1及其镓配合物2的荧光量子产率分别为0.142和0.473,荧光寿命相应为5.2与3.2 ns,且配合物2的荧光光谱显著蓝移.瞬态吸收光谱显示,在无氧条件下双咔咯1和配合物2的三重激发态(T1)寿命分别为58与34μs,其T1态的量子产率则分别为0.47和0.63.     

反-1,2-双[2-(5-取代苯基噁唑基)]乙烯的结构与光性能及光二聚反应机理的研究

测试了反-1,2-双[2-(5-苯基 唑基)]乙烯(POEOP)类化合物在1,4-二氧六环中的荧光寿命及其在不同溶剂中的光二聚量子产率,计算了其荧光辐射速率常数和非辐射速率常数,研究了取代基效应及溶剂性质对该类化合物光二聚反应的影响。结果发现,溶剂的极性增加有利于光二聚反应,但重原子溶剂对光二聚反应不利,表明该类化合物经单重态历程进行光二聚.     

N-烷基吩噻嗪化合物与四氯化碳的光诱导电子转移反应

N-烷基吩噻嗪化合物(1a～1c)与四氯化碳之间的光诱导电子转移反应生成3-(N′-吩噻嗪基羰基)-N-烷基吩噻嗪(2a, 2b),3-(N′-烷基吩噻嗪基-3′-羰基)-N-烷基吩噻嗪(3b, 3c), 及N-烷基吩噻嗪正离子自由基的四氯化碳盐1+.CCl-.C4 (4a～4c),提出了光诱导电子转移机理.     

痂囊腔菌素A与咔唑化合物间的光致电子转移

研究了咔唑、咔唑-9-乙酸、3-溴-咔唑-9-乙酸在缺氧条件下对天然苝醌化合物痂囊腔菌素A(简记为EA)的荧光猝灭行为;由竹红菌甲素(HA)和乙素(HB)的荧光寿命估算了EA在乙腈中的荧光寿命,并进而计算了三个咔唑化合物的双分子猝灭速度常数.结果表明,三个咔唑化合物在EA的可见光吸收区无光吸收,据此推测其对EA的荧光猝灭作用归因于咔唑化合物作为电子给体而EA作为电子受体的光致电子转移作用.三个咔唑化合物的Stern-Volmer猝灭常数分别为698、704和1 063L·mol-1;乙酸基对咔唑环的光致电子转移速率几乎没有影响,而溴原子取代能够增加咔唑化合物对EA的荧光猝灭程度和光致电子转移速率.此外,EA在乙腈中的荧光寿命为1.98ns,而三个咔唑化合物的双分子猝灭速率常数分别为3.52×1011,3.56×1011和5.37×1011 L·mol-1·s-1.     

铁-荧光镓极谱络合吸附波的研究

在 p H6.1 0的 0 .1 mol/L ( CH2 ) 6 N4-HCl底液中 ,用单扫示波极谱法可获得铁( ) -荧光镓体系灵敏的络合吸附波。在 1 .0× 1 0 - 7～ 7.0× 1 0 - 6 mol/L范围内 ,铁浓度与波高呈线性关系 ,检测限达 7.0× 1 0 - 8mol/L,已成功地应用于金属镁粉中的铁和铝的测定 ,并测得电活性络合物的组成为铁∶荧光镓 =1∶ 1 ,条件形成常数β=3 .2× 1 0 4,表面电极反应速率常数 ks为 2 .9s- 1 。     

新型咪唑类有机荧光小分子的合成及其性质研究

设计并合成了一系列新型吩噻嗪(或三苯胺)-取代的咪唑类有机荧光小分子,通过紫外-可见、荧光和电化学法分析了其光致发光性能和结构的关系.采用密度泛函(DFT)理论(B3LYP/6-31G(d)计算基组)计算了该化合物的最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)和最低未占分子轨道(LUMO)分布.产物的高荧光量子产率、高HOMO能级和高的热稳定性表明:咪唑和吩噻嗪或三苯胺的结合可有效提高产物空穴传输能力和荧光量子产率.     

四(4,4',4',4''-N,N-二氨基)四苯乙烯光致发光与分子的构象效应

利用还原偶联方法合成出新化合物四(4,4',4',4''-N,N-二氨基)四苯乙烯（ TDETE）。通过测定该化合物在溶液、掺杂聚合物中及晶体粉末的稳态-瞬态荧光光 谱、荧光量子产率和辐射衰变速率常数等。讨论了分子的构象效应等因素对TDETE 光致发光行为的影响。在一定浓度下TDETE溶液存在着三个发光带，分别为全扭曲 构象分子（位于345nm附近的发光I带）、半扭曲构象分子（位于430nm附近的发光 II带）和激基缔合物（530发光III带）的辐射衰变所致。在聚合物（PMMA）中，一 方面由于分子单键的自由旋转扭曲受到遏制，表现为II带的辐射衰变速率常数(kf 值)增大、同时非辐射衰变速率常数knf值减小；另一方面，TDETE分子之间相互作 用得到加强而有利一缔合物形成，结果，使发光II带和III带合二为一出现强而宽 的发射峰，荧光量子产率从溶液中的0.055提高到0.855。此外，在PMM介制裁中观 测到TDETE分子聚集体在626nm处的发光带（IV），数粉末态中聚集体IV带的强度骤 增，峰值波长红移至650nm。     

四(4,4',4'',4'''-N,N-二氨基)四苯乙烯光致发光与分子的构象效应

利用还原偶联方法合成出新化合物四(4,4',4',4''-N,N-二氨基)四苯乙烯（ TDETE）。通过测定该化合物在溶液、掺杂聚合物中及晶体粉末的稳态-瞬态荧光光 谱、荧光量子产率和辐射衰变速率常数等。讨论了分子的构象效应等因素对TDETE 光致发光行为的影响。在一定浓度下TDETE溶液存在着三个发光带,分别为全扭曲 构象分子（位于345nm附近的发光I带）、半扭曲构象分子（位于430nm附近的发光 II带）和激基缔合物（530发光III带）的辐射衰变所致。在聚合物（PMMA）中,一 方面由于分子单键的自由旋转扭曲受到遏制,表现为II带的辐射衰变速率常数(kf 值)增大、同时非辐射衰变速率常数knf值减小;另一方面,TDETE分子之间相互作 用得到加强而有利一缔合物形成,结果,使发光II带和III带合二为一出现强而宽 的发射峰,荧光量子产率从溶液中的0.055提高到0.855。此外,在PMM介制裁中观 测到TDETE分子聚集体在626nm处的发光带（IV）,数粉末态中聚集体IV带的强度骤 增,峰值波长红移至650nm。     

双(苯并噁唑)茋的光异构化反应(Ⅱ)溶剂性质的影响

对双(苯并噁唑)茋化合物在不同极性溶剂中的光谱、光物理及光顺反异构化问题进行了详细研究.在测定其荧光寿命及荧光量子产率基础上计算出它们的辐射及非辐射衰变速度常数.发现化合物(1)在极性溶剂中有较高的荧光量子产率,而在非极性溶剂中则有较高的异构化能力.工作还测定了化合物在两种溶剂中反顺异构化过程的活化能,并对所得结果进行了初步讨论.     

溶剂对镓Corrole光谱性质的影响

合成了一系列周边取代的Corrole(1, 2, 3, 4)及其镓配合物1-Ga(Py)、2-Ga(Py)、3-Ga(Py)、4-Ga(Py),通过核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR), 紫外-可见光谱, 电喷雾离子质谱(ESI-MS)的方法对其进行了表征. 研究了不同溶剂对这一系列自由Corrole 及镓Corrole 的紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱, 稳态荧光和时间分辨荧光光谱, 将获得的荧光衰减动力学曲线采用单指数拟合并进行解卷积处理获得荧光的寿命值. 非（弱)极性溶剂对镓Corrole 紫外光谱的影响服从Bayliss 方程, 且镓Corrole 非辐射能量损失hc(ν¹_A-ν_F)与F(n)呈线性相关.     

Novel gallium(III) phthalocyanine derivatives – Synthesis,photophysics and photochemistry

The syntheses of gallium(III) chloride phthalocyanine {(Cl)GaPc}, octaphenoxyphthalocyaninato gallium(III) chloride {(Cl)GaOPPc} and octakis(4-tert-butylphenoxy)phthalocyaninato gallium(III) chloride {(Cl)GaOTBPPc}; as well as their photophysical and photochemical parameters are hereby presented. Fluorescence quantum yields do not vary much among the three metallophthalocyanines (MPcs); therefore it was concluded that the effect of the substituents is not significant amongst (Cl)GaPc, (Cl)GaOPPc and (Cl)GaOTBPPc. Solvents effects, however, had an effect on the results. Triplet quantum yields were found to be lower in DMSO than in DMF and toluene. The rate constants for fluorescence, intersystem crossing and internal conversion as well as fluorescence and triplet lifetimes are reported. We have also reported photodegradation and singlet oxygen quantum yields. There was no clear correlation between the later parameters. It was, however, established that the three MPcs were stable.     

Synthesis,photophysical and photochemical properties of tetra- and octa-substituted gallium and indium phthalocyanines

The synthesis, photophysical and photochemical properties of the tetra- and octa-[4-(benzyloxyphenoxy)] substituted gallium(III) and indium(III) phthalocyanines are reported for the first time. The new compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H NMR spectroscopy and electronic spectroscopy. General trends are described for quantum yields of photodegredation, fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes, triplet lifetimes and triplet quantum yields as well as singlet oxygen quantum yields of these compounds in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Substituted indium phthalocyanine complexes (7b–9b) showed much higher quantum yields of triplet state and shorter triplet lifetimes, compared to the substituted GaPc derivatives due to enhanced intersystem crossing (ISC) in the former. The gallium and indium phthalocyanine complexes showed phototransformation during laser irradiation due to ring reduction. The singlet oxygen quantum yields (Φ_Δ), which give an indication of the potential of the complexes as photosensitizers in applications where singlet oxygen is required (Type II mechanism) ranged from 0.51 to 0.94. Thus, these complexes show potential as photodynamic therapy of cancer.     

Encapsulation of electron donor-acceptor dyads in beta-cyclodextrin cavity: unusual planarization and enhancement in rate of electron-transfer reaction

Interaction of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) with a few novel electron donor acceptor dyads 1a-c and 2a-c, having aryl and flexible methylene spacer groups, has been investigated through photophysical, chiroptical, electrochemical, NMR, and microscopic techniques. Dyads 1a and 1c, with p-tolyl and biphenyl spacer groups, respectively, exhibited significantly decreased fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes in the presence of beta-CD, while negligible changes were observed for dyad 1b with an o-tolyl spacer. In contrast, spacer-length-dependent significant enhancement in fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes was observed for dyads 2a-c, with flexible polymethylene (n = 1, 3, 11) spacer groups. Association constants of beta-CD encapsulated complexes have been determined and the contrast behavior observed in these systems is explained through an electron transfer (kET) mechanism based on calculated favorable change in free energy (DeltaGET = -1.27 eV) and the redox species characterized through laser flash photolysis studies. Rates of kET have been estimated and are found to increase ca. 2-fold in the case of dyads 1a and 1c when encapsulated in beta-CD, while significantly decreased kET values were observed for the dyads 2a-c with flexible spacer (ca. 9-fold for 2c). As characterized through cyclic voltammetry, 2D NMR [correlated (COSY) and nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOESY) spectroscopy], and laser flash photolysis studies, the beta-CD encapsulation of dyads with aliphatic spacer groups leads to the conformational unfolding of a sandwich type of structure, whereas dyads with rigid aryl spacer groups undergo unusual planarization as compared to the uncomplexed dyads, resulting in enhanced electron-transfer reaction between the donor and acceptor moieties.     

Azobenzene-linked porphyrin-fullerene dyads

A new group of porphyrin-fullerene dyads with an azobenzene linker was synthesized, and the photochemical and photophysical properties of these materials were investigated using steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic methods. The electrochemical properties of these compounds were also studied in detail. The synthesis involved oxidative heterocoupling of free base tris-aryl-p-aminophenyl porphyrins with a p-aminophenylacetal, followed by deprotection to give the aldehyde, and finally Prato 1,3-dipolar azomethineylide cycloaddition to C60. The corresponding Zn(II)-porphyrin (ZnP) dyads were made by treating the free base dyads with zinc acetate. The final dyads were characterized by their 1H NMR, mass, and UV-vis spectra. 3He NMR was used to determine if the products are a mixture of cis and trans stereoisomers, or a single isomer. The data are most consistent with the isolation of only a single configurational isomer, assigned to the trans (E) configuration. The ground-state UV-vis spectra are virtually a superimposition of the spectral features of the individual components, indicating there is no interaction of the fullerene (F) and porphyrin (H2P/ZnP) moieties in the ground state. This conclusion is supported by the electrochemical data. The steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectra indicate that the porphyrin fluorescence in the dyads is very strongly quenched at room temperature in the three solvents studied: toluene, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and benzonitrile (BzCN). The fluorescence lifetimes of the dyads in all solvents are sharply reduced compared to those of H2P and ZnP standards. In toluene, the lifetimes of the free base dyads are 600-790 ps compared to 10.1 ns for the standard, while in THF and BzCN the dyad lifetimes are less than 100 ps. For the ZnP dyads, the fluorescence lifetimes were 10-170 ps vs 2.1-2.2 ns for the ZnP references. The mechanism of the fluorescence quenching was established using time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. In toluene, the quenching process is singlet-singlet energy transfer (k approximately 10(11) s-1) to give C60 singlet excited states which decay with a lifetime of 1.2 ns to give very long-lived C60 triplet states. In THF and BzCN, quenching of porphyrin singlet states occurs at a similar rate, but now by electron transfer, to give charge-separated radical pair (CSRP) states, which show transient absorption spectra very similar to those reported for other H2P-C60 and ZnP-C60 dyad systems. The lifetimes of the CSRP states are in the range 145-435 ns in THF, much shorter than for related systems with amide, alkyne, silyl, and hydrogen-bonded linkers. Thus, both forward and back electron transfer is facilitated by the azobenzene linker. Nonetheless, the charge recombination is 3-4 orders of magnitude slower than charge separation, demonstrating that for these types of donor-acceptor systems back electron transfer is occurring in the Marcus inverted region.     

Fluorescence quantum yields and their relation to lifetimes of rhodamine 6G and fluorescein in nine solvents: improved absolute standards for quantum yields

Absolute fluorescence quantum yields are reported for the rhodamine 6G cation and the fluorescein dianion dyes in nine solvents. This information is combined with previously reported fluorescence lifetimes to deduce radiative and nonradiative decay rates. Along the alcohol series from methanol to octanol, rhodamine 6G displays an increasing radiative rate, in parallel with the square of the refractive index increase, and a slightly decreasing nonradiative rate. Fluorescein is different: the apparent radiative rate actually decreases, suggesting that the emissive species is perturbed in some fashion. For both dyes, fluorescence yields are enhanced in D2O, rising to 0.98, in parallel with a corresponding increase in lifetimes. Protonated solvents invariably give shorter lifetimes and lower quantum yields, contrary to some previous speculation. From this work and an analysis of existing literature values, more precise values have been obtained for two previously proposed absolute quantum yield standards. The yield of fluorescein in 0.1 N NaOH(aq) is 0.925+/-0.015, and for rhodamine 6G in ethanol, it is 0.950+/-0.015. In both cases, the solutions are assumed to be in the limit of low concentration, excited close to their long-wave absorption band and at room temperature but may be either air-saturated or free of oxygen.     

Synthesis, photophysical and photochemical properties of aryloxy tetra-substituted gallium and indium phthalocyanine derivatives

The synthesis, photophysical and photochemical properties of the tetra-substituted aryloxy gallium(III) and indium(III) phthalocyanines are reported for the first time. General trends are described for photodegradation, singlet oxygen, fluorescence, and triplet quantum yields and triplet lifetimes of these compounds. The introduction of phenoxy and tert-butylphenoxy substituents on the ring resulted in lowering of fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes, and triplet quantum yields, and an increase of k_IC, k_ISC, and k_F. Photoreduction of the complexes was observed during laser flash photolysis. The singlet oxygen quantum yields (Φ_Δ), which give an indication of the potential of the complexes as photosensitizers in applications where singlet oxygen is required (Type II mechanism) ranged from 0.41 to 0.91. Thus, these complexes show potential as Type II photosensitizers.     

Photophysics of boron difluoride chelates with dihalogenated tetraphenyl-<Emphasis Type="Italic">ms</Emphasis>-azadipyrromethenes

Spectral, luminescent, and photophysical properties of the BF₂ chelates with dichloroand dibromotetraphenyl-ms-azadipyrromethene (derivatives of tetraphenyl-aza-BODIPY) have been studied experimentally and theoretically by quantum chemistry methods. The positions of fluorescence bands, quantum yields, and lifetimes were measured experimentally. The rate constants of intramolecular photophysical processes have been estimated, and the quantum yields of fluorescence and phosphorescence and the lifetimes of excited states have been calculated. Complete energy schemes of electronically excited states and photophysical processes in the molecules of the compounds under study have been built on the basis of calculation results. The decrease in the fluorescence quantum yields upon excitation into the second absorption band and the absence of the phosphorescence of the chelates have been explained.     

Growth,Structure,and Spectroscopic Characteristics of the Nd^3＋：LiGd（WO4）2 Crystal

The Nd3+:LiGd(WO4) 2 crystal with dimensions of 25mm×28mm×16mm was grown by the top-seeded solution growth method from the 60 mol% Li2W2O7 flux. LiGd(WO4) 2 crystallizes in the tetragonal system with space group I41/a(C4h6) and cell parameters: a = 5.1986 and c = 11.2652 . The hardness is about 5.0 Mohs' scale. The specific heat is 0.40 J·g-1·K-1 at 50 oC. The thermal expansion coefficients for a-and c-axes are 1.314×10-5 and 2.052×10-5 K-1,respectively. The room-temperature polarized absorption and emission spectra and the fluorescence decay curve was measured. The parameters of oscillator strengths,the spontaneous transition probabilities,the fluorescence branching ratios,the radiative lifetimes,and the emission cross sections have been investigated based on Judd-Ofelt theory and Füchtbauer-Ladenburg method. The absorption cross-section is 5.19×10-20 cm2 at 805 nm for π-polarization and its line width is 15 nm;the emission cross section is 1.726×10-19 cm2 at 1060.5 nm for π-polarization. The fluorescence and radiative lifetimes are 86 and 158 μs,respectively. The fluorescence quantum efficiency is 54.43%.