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人体中有益元素的缺乏或有毒有害元素过量导致众多健康问题,微量元素在医学地质研究中占有举足轻重的作用。随着医学地质研究的不断深入和新技术的快速发展,微量元素的研究领域和研究程度也不断扩大和深入,该文综述了微量元素在医学地质中的主要研究内容,研究方法及风险评价,指出了微量元素研究的薄弱环节及其发展趋势,以期推动进一步研究。 相似文献
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通过文献的计量分析和阅读总结,我国物理化学课程与教学研究还局限于经验与思辨。我们梳理了国际权威期刊上研究物理化学教学的文献,将其分为教科书研究、学习研究、教学研究、教师研究和教学媒体研究等5类,并对其中核心成果进行评述。总结出国外物理化学课程与教学研究注重学习证据的收集和分析,注重教育研究方法的运用,并对于未来高等化学教育研究提出建议。 相似文献
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我国教育研究领域大力倡导实证研究,却面临操作指南缺乏和品质标准不够明晰的问题,导致高质量的实证研究案例不多。研究样本的数量及其代表性或立意是保证实证研究品质的重要因素,讨论了定量研究和质性研究中选择研究样本的原则,明确了实证研究论文写作中研究样本部分的品质指标及内容要求,利用构建的品质指标及内容要求分析了4个教育实证研究论文案例。研究发现,提升我国教育实证研究质量的任务还是比较艰巨的。 相似文献
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海洋放射化学研究海洋中放射性核素的含量分布和存在形式,并通过含量分布的时空变化研究海水中放射性核素的来源归宿和迁移变化规律,以及海洋各储库可能的储量。本文简述了国内外海洋放射化学的发展历史和一些成果。应用海洋放射化学的海洋学研究的主要内容是海洋环流,海水混合,海洋颗粒物动力学,和海洋放射年代学。海洋放射化学将来的重大研究方向是,海洋生物地球化学循环通量与时间尺度研究,过去的海洋环境变化研究,和核电站邻近海域放射性核素的累积与生态效应研究。没有专门的大项目的支持,对海洋本质问题深入研究少,海洋物理化学研究不够深入,需要进行高水平设备建设与应用研究,是中国海洋放射化学研究存在的主要问题。 相似文献
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综述了我国地方病元素病因学及临床疾病元素病因学研究取得的成果,包括:我国地方病元素病因和临床疾病元素病因研究,艾滋病防治的研究,并展望了中药微量元素研究的未来,元素平衡食疗治疗艾滋病的研究,中药元素成分和方剂微量元素成分的研究,有望取得更大的突破性进展。 相似文献
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综述了我国地方病元素病因学及临床疾病元素病因学研究取得的成果,包括:我国地方病元素病因和临床疾病元素病因研究,艾滋病防治的研究,并展望了中药微量元素研究的未来,元素平衡食疗治疗艾滋病的研究,中药元素成分和方剂微量元素成分的研究,有望取得更大的突破性进展. 相似文献
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近两年国内气相色谱的进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对近两年国内学者对气相色谱(GC)的研究和应用进行了综述.GC已经是一门十分成熟和广泛应用的分析技术,近两年国内学者的研究发展近似于国外的GC研究和发展,基础性GC研究不多,大多为GC在各个领域的应用研究.应用研究包括在食品、中药、水、气、石油、石化、工业品、农残和烟草分析中的应用. 相似文献
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本专辑围绕电催化及燃料电池,收录了在相关研究领域具有丰富积累和影响的团队所撰写的 7 篇相关研究论文和综述,部分反映了我国在电催化剂的设计、合成方法和性能研究方面的研究进展,希望借助该专辑的出版,能使广大读者更深入地了解我国在这一领域的研究现状、研究趋势和存在的问题及挑战,推动我国电催化化学及新型燃料电池研究的进一步发展 相似文献
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甲壳素/壳聚糖在环境治理上的应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
天然高分子化合物甲壳素、壳聚糖具有原料丰富、无毒、易于生物降解等优点,国内外众多学者对它的开发应用展开研究,本文综述了甲壳素、壳聚糖及其衍生物对环境污染物的去除,介绍了它在环境治理尤其是废水处理中的研究和应用情况。 相似文献
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《Journal of Saudi Chemical Society》2022,26(6):101561
Biopolymers like cellulose, polysaccharides, chitosan, starch, chitin, and alginates have sparked an increasing curiosity in creating natural replacements for synthetic polymers during the last several decades. Chitin is a major part of fungi’s cell walls, the crustaceans’ exoskeletons, like lobsters, crabs, and shrimps, cephalopod beaks, the radulae of mollusks, and fish and lissamphibians scales. Since the late 1970 s, biopolymer chitosan has gathered interest in basic science and applied research due to its incredible macromolecular framework, physicochemical properties, and biological activities, which differ from those of synthetic polymers. Chitin and derivatives thereof have practical usages in chemistry, the agriculture sector, medicine, cosmetics, as well as textile and paper industries. Chitosan has also received a lot of recent interest in the fields of dentistry, ophthalmology, veterinary science, biomedicine, the drink industry, hygiene and personal care, catalysis, chromatography, sewage treatment, and biotechnology. Numerous fundamental investigations have been conducted on chitin and chitosan. This article presents a short compact summary of research over the last two decades in an attempt to highlight the works on chitin and chitosan applications. 相似文献
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Muhammad Aamir Sajid Sohail Anjum Shahzad Fatima Hussain W. G. Skene Muhammad Yar 《合成通讯》2018,48(15):1893-1908
Chitin and chitosan are well-thought-out multipurpose biopolymers. Chitosan which is deacetylated chitin is useful than chitin and is biomaterial of great interest. Regardless of its biodegradability, chemical modifications suggest due to the amino side reactivity, helps to impart it other great qualities. Herein, we discuss the preparative methods of synthetically modified derivatives, some are commercially available. This review shields the literature from last few decades. 相似文献
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甲壳素和壳聚糖作为天然生物高分子材料的研究进展 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
甲壳素是自然界中含量仅次于纤维素的天然高分子,壳聚糖是甲壳素脱乙酰化后带有阳离子的多糖.壳聚糖中的自由氨基以及它的高结晶性,使得它能溶于酸,而不溶于碱和绝大数的有机溶剂.同时壳聚糖具有无毒性、无刺激性、良好的生物相容性、生物可溶解性, 以及高的电荷密度,因而被作为一种新型的天然生物材料得到广泛应用.文章介绍了甲壳素和壳聚糖的结构和性质,综述分析了甲壳素和壳聚糖在制备微球和作为支架材料中的应用, 并总结了甲壳素和壳聚糖在这两个方面存在的问题和发展前景. 相似文献
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Chitosan is industrially acquired by the alkaline N-deacetylation of chitin. Chitin belongs to the β-N-acetyl-glucosamine polymers, providing structure, contrary to α-polymers, which provide food and energy. Another β-polymer providing structure is hyaluronan. A lot of studies have been performed on chitosan to explore its industrial use. Since chitosan is biodegradable, non-toxic, bacteriostatic, and fungistatic, it has numerous applications in medicine. Hyaluronan, one of the major structural components of the extracellular matrix in vertebrate tissues, is broadly exploited in medicine as well. This review summarizes the main areas where these two biopolymers have an impact. The reviewed areas mostly cover most medical applications, along with non-medical applications, such as cosmetics. 相似文献
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Chitin 1 is a biodegradable and nontoxic polysaccharide widely spread among marine and terrestrial invertebrates and fungi. It is usually obtained from waste materials of the sea food-processing industry, mainly shells of crab, shrimp, prawn and krill. Native chitin occurs in such natural composite materials usually combined with inorganics, proteins, lipids and pigments. Its isolation calls for chemical treatments to eliminate these contaminants, some of which maybe coimmercially explored. By treating crude chitin with aqueous 40~50% sodium hydroxide at 110~115℃ chitosan is obtained. However, the fully deacetylated product is rarely obtained due to the risks of side reactions and chain deplolymerization. Chitosan and chitin are closely related since both are linear polysaccharides containing 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose and 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose units joined by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds. They can be distinguished by their contents of the above-mentioned units and by their solubilities in aqueous media. The acetylated units predominate in chitin while chitosan chains contain mostly deacetylated units. Chitin is soluble in a very limited number of solvents while chitosan is soluble in aqueous dilute solutions of a number of mineral and organic acids, being the most common ones, the hydrochloric and acetic acids. In aqueous dilute acid media chitosan forms salts, producing polyelectrolyte chains bearing positive charges on the nitrogen atoms of their amine groups. In fact the salt of chitosan may be formed in a separate step or as a consequence of the presence of acid in the water suspension of the neutralized form of chitosan. 相似文献