ITQ-13分子筛合成及酸性的DFT理论计算研究

以氢氧化已烷双铵(R(OH)2)和溴化六甲双铵(HMBr2)为模板剂分别合成了ITQ-13、B-ITQ-13、Al-ITQ-13分子筛,采用XRD、SEM-EDX、N2吸附-脱附、FT-IR、MAS NMR等手段对合成的分子筛进行表征,比较了两种模板剂合成的ITQ-13分子筛的性质,以溴化六甲双铵(HMBr2)为模板剂,在碱性加晶种的条件下,反应3~10 d合成出了ITQ-13以及含杂原子B、Al的ITQ-13分子筛,降低了合成的成本.以溴化六甲双铵为模板剂合成的ITQ-13晶貌有块状和球形针状堆积混合晶貌组成,孔道宽,晶粒因堆积形成的介孔居多.量子力学中的密度泛函理论(DFT)计算Ge、B、Al同晶取代Si在ITQ-13分子筛9个不同T位的分布,T5位对于ITQ-13分子筛的特殊骨架结构形成具有重要作用,对于骨架的电荷平衡以及几何约束力都有重要作用.Al原子容易替代的位置是位于九元环和十元环孔口相交处的T6、T7位.     

SSZ-33分子筛的合成、表征及其对汽车尾气中碳氢化合物的捕集性能

采用碘化N,N,N-三甲基-8-氨基-三环[5.2.1.02.6]癸烷为结构导向剂, 通过过程控制方法, 经3-4 d成功合成了高性价比的B-SSZ-33分子筛. 以B-SSZ-33为母体, 经过Al(NO3)3溶液后处理制得了Al-SSZ-33分子筛. 采用X射线衍射(XRD), 傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱, 扫描电子显微镜(SEM), 热重(TG)分析, 电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES), N2吸附/脱附, 27Al核磁共振(27Al NMR)和NH3程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)等手段对合成的B-SSZ-33、Al-SSZ-33样品进行了物理化学性能表征. 并以甲苯作为汽车尾气中碳氢化合物的探针分子, 通过甲苯程序升温脱附测试来考察样品的碳氢捕集性能. 结果表明: 后处理过程中Al同晶取代B, 从而制得了含骨架Al的Al-SSZ-33; 在甲苯的程序升温脱附测试中, 由于Al-SSZ-33相对于B-SSZ-33具有较强的酸性位, 且表面孔口由于骨架外硅铝物种的修饰, 限制了甲苯的扩散, 致使脱附速率最大时的温度(Tmax)和脱附最终的温度(Tend)均升高, 从而形成了新型汽车尾气捕集催化剂的雏形.     

SAPO-31分子筛的微波加热合成、表征及催化性能

分别以异丙醇铝和磷酸为铝源和磷源,二正丁胺为模板剂,采用微波加热法成功制得AlPO4-31分子筛,并对其晶化条件进行了优化.在优化的条件下同时合成了不同含硅量的SAPO-31分子筛,采用X射线衍射、N2物理吸附、扫描电镜、固体29Si核磁共振、程序升温脱附以及吡啶吸附的红外光谱等手段对其结构和酸性进行了表征,并考察了P...     

高热稳定性介孔氧化锆的合成及表征

利用阴离子表面活性剂作模板,通过水热均匀沉淀方法成功合成了具有高热稳定性的介孔氧化锆.该方法以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)作为介孔结构的导向剂,其含S基团在煅烧时起到了稳定剂的作用.采用透射电镜、氮气吸附-脱附、X射线粉末衍射、红外光谱测试手段对样品进行了表征.研究表明,以SD-BS为模板剂合成的介孔氧化锆具有蠕虫状介...     

磷酸锌铝分子筛ZAPO-5晶体的合成及表征

用水热晶化法以三乙醇胺为模板剂合成了磷酸锌铝分子筛ZAPO-5微晶,以二乙氨基乙醇为模板剂合成了长178μm的优质磷酸锌铝分子筛ZAPO-5大单晶。经IR,SEM和XRD表征ZAPO-5具有AlPO4-5型分子筛结构。     

杂化介孔分子筛HMS的合成与表征

以十六胺(HDA)为模板剂,通过正硅酸乙酯和硅烷偶联剂一步法合成了杂化介孔分子筛HMS,并通过XRD、N2吸脱附、FT-IR、TG、SEM等手段对其进行结构表征.结果表明合成的材料具有良好有序的介孔结构、大的孔径(≈2.04.0 nm)和比表面积(>600 m2g-1),接近球形颗粒,尺寸在0.51μm之间.     

以微孔沸石MCM-49和MCM-56为硅铝源合成强酸性介孔分子筛

以相同硅铝比的微孔沸石MCM-49 和MCM-56为硅铝源, 通过碱处理和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵模板剂, 合成了具有较强酸性的六方结构介孔分子筛材料MM-49和MM-56, 并采用XRD、红外光谱、氮气吸附-脱附等方法对其进行了结构表征, 采用NH3-TPD和IR-吡啶吸附方法对其进行了酸性表征. 实验结果表明, MM-56和MM-49具有明显强于常规介孔分子筛酸性的特点, 在苯酚与叔丁醇的烷基化反应中表现了良好的催化性质.     

由新型铜胺络合物模板剂设计合成活性优异的Cu-SSZ-13分子筛

以低廉的铜胺络合物为新型模板剂, 成功地合成了含铜的 SSZ-13 沸石分子筛 (Cu-ZJM-1). 在合成过程中, 铜胺络合物既是模板分子, 又是催化活性组分铜物种的直接来源. 理论计算表明, 该模板分子的构型与尺寸恰好与构成 SSZ-13 分子筛结构的 CHA 笼相匹配, 因而可以成功地导向该沸石分子筛结构. 采用 X 射线衍射、扫描电镜、氮气吸附、红外、紫外-可见吸收光谱、差热-热重分析、氨气程序升温脱附及氢气程序升温还原等手段对样品的性质及模板分子的状态进行了系统表征. 结果表明, 所制 Cu-ZJM-1 样品为结晶度很高的 SSZ-13 沸石结构, 硅铝比和铜负载量可调且铜处于高分散状态, 在 NH3 选择催化还原氮氧化物反应中表现出优异的催化性能.     

Cu/SBA-1的合成及其对苯羟化反应的催化性能

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,十六烷基三乙基溴化铵(CTEABr)为模板剂,在强酸性条件下采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了Cu掺杂SBA-1分子筛.用XRD、SEM、N2吸附/脱附、红外光谱对所制备的样品进行表征.XRD测定结果显示所合成的Cu/SBA-1具有明显的立方介孔结构,Cu/SBA-1比表面积达931 m2·g-1,...     

多级孔无铝Beta分子筛的合成与表征

研究了氟介质条件下,合成参数对前驱体黏度和无铝Beta分子筛晶化过程的影响.X射线衍射结果表明,高水硅比可降低前驱体的黏度,但抑制分子筛的晶化.当合成体系中加入成核促进剂(二氧化锗)和晶化促进剂(高氯酸根或磷酸根)后,即使水硅摩尔比高达20~30,在150℃水热合成4 d,仍可获得高结晶性、微米级球形或多面体形无铝Beta分子筛.热重和能谱分析结果表明,极少量高氯酸根和磷酸根可进入分子筛孔道,并影响模板剂四乙基铵根离子的热分解过程.氮气吸附-脱附、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和选区电子衍射分析结果表明,所得无铝Beta分子筛具有多级孔结构,介孔尺寸在3.4~3.8 nm之间,由纳米晶体或纳米棒堆积而成.     

Al-ITQ-13分子筛的快速合成及表征

通过设计首次提出针对ITQ-13分子筛晶化促进剂的合成策略,ITQ-13分子筛.通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、N2吸附、原位红外(FTIR)及固体核磁(27Al NMR)等测试手段对ITQ-13分子筛的物化性能进行了表征,考察了晶化过程中结晶度的变化,得出了晶化过程的动力学参数,对晶化机理进行了探讨.结果表明:快速合成法与传统方法合成的ITQ-13分子筛具有相似的物化性能,并且可以合成含有更多骨架铝的ITQ-13分子筛;NO3-的加入通过极化憎水基团,加速SiOSi物质结合,降低ITQ-13分子筛的成核活化能以及生长活化能,从而可以提高晶化速率,缩短晶化时间至11 h.     

MCM-22和ITQ-2分子筛负载型催化剂加氢裂化性能的对比研究

 以MCM-22和ITQ-2分子筛为载体, WNi为活性组分,制得两种负载型催化剂,考察了两种催化剂的加氢裂化性能,并通过N2吸附、氨程序升温脱附和原位红外光谱对催化剂进行了表征. 减压瓦斯油加氢裂化反应结果表明, WNi/ITQ-2的加氢裂化活性高于WNi/MCM-22, 并且前者的反应温度相对较低. WNi/ITQ-2具有高催化活性是因为ITQ-2分子筛具有空旷的次级结构和较多的可接近的酸性位; 中油选择性高是因为空旷的次级结构使裂化产物快速离开酸性位而避免了二次裂化.     

Synthesis design and structure of a multipore zeolite with interconnected 12- and 10-MR channels

A new molecular sieve, ITQ-38, containing interconnected large and medium pores in its structure has been synthesized. The rational combination of dicationic piperidine-derivative molecules as organic structure directing agents (OSDAs) with germanium and boron atoms in alkaline media has allowed the synthesis of ITQ-38 zeolite. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) has been used to elucidate the framework topology of ITQ-38, revealing the presence of domains of perfect ITQ-38 crystals as well as very small areas containing nanosized ITQ-38/ITQ-22 intergrowths. The structure of ITQ-38 is highly related to ITQ-22 and the recently described polymorph C of ITQ-39 zeolite. It shares a common building layer with ITQ-22 and contains the same building unit as the polymorph C of ITQ-39. All three structures present similar framework density, 16.1 T atoms/1000 ?(3).     

Synthesis,Characterization and Control of Proportion of Polymorph C in ITQ-16 and ITQ-17 Films

Continuous ITQ-16 and ITQ-17 films on silicon wafer were prepared in fluoride media using TEAOH as organic structure-directing agent. The proportion of polymorph C in the as-synthesized ITQ-16 and ITQ-17 films was determined via X-ray diffraction characterization. The proportion of polymorph C in the ITQ-16 and ITQ-17 films was controlled via optimizing the compositions of the reaction mixtures and reaction conditions, such as varying the Si/Ge molar ratio and adding n-propyl alcohol as a solvent in the reaction mixture. The Ge atoms in the reaction media strongly increased the crystallization of polymorph C in ITQ-16 and ITQ-17 films. Moreover, the stabilizing and buffering effect of n-propyl alcohol on crystal growth further enhanced the proportion of polymorph C in the ITQ-16 and ITQ-17 films. For potential catalytic applications, Al was incorporated into the framework of polymorph C, and a pure phase of polymorph C in Al-ITQ-17 film was achieved from the synthesis gel in the n-propyl alcohol phase.     

Study on hexane adsorption in zeolite ITQ-29 by molecular simulation

Adsorption isotherms and isosteric heat of adsorption of n-hexane in zeolite ITQ-29 were simulated using the Configurational Bias Monte Carlo (CBMC) technique in the grand-canonical (μ VT) ensemble and compared with experimental results published by Gribov et al. and obtained by IR spectroscopy where the fractional loadings of n-hexane in ITQ-29 are presented in units from integral intensities of the absorption bands [u.a.]. In this work we present the simulation loadings of n-hexane in ITQ-29 converted to fractional coverages and compared to the experimental results. The simulations were performed using a united atom force field. In addition, we calculated equilibrium adsorption isotherms of ethane and propane in ITQ-29 in excellent agreement with published experiments. This force field successfully reproduces adsorption properties of linear alkanes in cation-free LTA zeolite and is suitable for fast and accurate adsorption data predictions.     

Esterification of Oleic Acid to Produce Biodiesel over 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid Anchored Two-dimensional Zeolite

Biodiesel has emerged as a non-toxic, biodegradable, and renewable fuel substitute that can be readily produced via the esterification reaction of free fatty acids. The present work explores the potential of 12-tungstophosphoric acid(TPA) anchored two-dimensional(2D) ITQ-2 zeolite(TPA/ITQ-2) as heterogeneous acid catalysts for biodiesel production. TPA/ITQ-2 material was prepared by swelling, delamination, and subsequent wetness incipient impregnation approach. The prepared catalysts were comprehensively characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, N₂ adsorption/desorption, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, flou-rier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The catalytic activity of TPA/ITQ-2 for biodiesel production was evaluated by the esterification reaction of oleate acid with methanol. Process parameters, such as reactant molar ratio and TPA loading were optimized. Due to the superior mass transfer and adequate stable acid sites, 2D TPA/ITQ-2 showed a higher catalytic activity and a better recyclable stability than the 3D and layered TPA/zeolites. This work will provide new opportunities for the design of 2D zeolite-based acid catalysts for biodiesel production.     

The Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulations of Benzene and Propylene in ITQ-1 Zeolite

Thealkylationofbenzenewithpropylenetoproducecumene,astartingmaterialfortheproductionofacetoneandphenol,isveryimportantinhydrocarbonprocess.ComparedwithsomemineralacidsincludingAlCl,andothers,zeolitesseemtobemorecleancatalysts,moreoveF,theycaneffectivelyreducetheamountoflessdesiredproductssuchasdiisopropylbenzenes.SeveralzeoIitesincludingH-ZSM-5,USYflandMCM-22havebeentestedforthereactionoftheaIkylationofbenzenewithpropylene,andithasbeenfoundthatP,USYandMCM-22areveryreactiveI.ZeoIiteMC…     

硅源对ITQ-13分子筛水热合成的影响

通过三种硅源, 正硅酸已脂(TEOS)、胶体二氧化硅、气相法白炭黑, 成功地合成出ITQ-13分子筛, 并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、BET表面积测试和氘代乙腈吸附等方法对合成的材料进行表征. 结果表明, 用硅胶和白炭黑为硅源合成出的ITQ-13具有较好的晶化度和较大的晶体尺寸.     

Synthesis and structure determination of a new microporous zeolite with large cavities connected by small pores

A new small-pore germanosilicate zeolite, named as ITQ-49, has been synthesized using a new ditetraalkylphosphonium dication as an organic structure-directing agent, and its structure has been solved by direct methods applied to the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the calcined solid. This new zeolite crystallizes in the space group Immm with cell parameters a = 19.6007(8) ?, b = 18.3274(7) ?, and c = 16.5335(6) ?. The pore topology of ITQ-49 consists of large, nonspherical cavities that are connected to each other through small eight-membered-ring windows, resulting in a unidirectional small-pore zeolite that has a relatively large adsorption capacity. Also, ITQ-49 contains double four-membered-ring units where Ge is preferentially located, and fluoride anions are placed inside these units.     

Selective adsorption of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans by the zeosils UTD-1, SSZ-24, and ITQ-4

Zeosils are microporous solids with a pure silica framework. Due to their hydrophobic properties, zeosils are ideal host materials for the adsorption of hydrophobic guest molecules. We tested zeosils with different pore diameters (UTD-1, SSZ-24 and ITQ-4 as well as CIT-5) for the selective adsorption of the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. This group of highly toxic substances contains 210 congeners that possess similar chemical properties, but differ in their size and shape. In the experiment, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans were extracted from fly ash of a waste incinerator, adsorbed on amorphous silica, then thermally desorbed and flushed over a sequential arrangement of the zeosils at elevated temperature by a stream of nitrogen. ITQ-4 with the smallest pore diameter was placed first, followed by SSZ-24 and, finally, by UTD-1 with the largest pore diameter. After the experiment, the zeosils were analysed for their contents of the different congeners. The results show that the sorption of the congeners occurs selectively and that it is governed by the size and the shape of the dioxin molecules, which in turn depend on the number of chlorine atoms and the pattern of chlorine substitution (regioisomers). Geometrical reasoning as well as molecular dynamics calculations on the zeosil structures and on the dioxin molecules were helpful in rationalising the results. This work represents an especially complex case of the molecular sieving effect and may lead to a selective on-line monitoring of the concentrations of dioxin molecules in waste gases of industrial combustion processes. The size- and shape-selective sorption of dioxin molecules may also bear some resemblance to the molecular recognition process that occurs in nature at the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.