气相色谱-串联质谱法测定尿样中氰离子的含量

尿样1.00 mL,加入1.0 g·L-1乙酸-α-萘酯溶液10μL,涡旋混合10 min后,加入0.1 mol·L-1硫酸铜溶液0.1 mL,0.3 mol·L-1萘胺溶液0.5 mL,50.0 g·L-1亚硝酸溶液1 mL和1 mol·L-1盐酸溶液0.1 mL,涡旋混合3 min。所得溶液在4℃冷藏10 min,再于50℃加热10 min。离心后,取有机相采用DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱进行气相色谱分离。质谱分析中采用选择反应监测模式。氰离子的质量浓度在0.1~10 mg·L-1范围内与其色谱峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.015 mg·L-1。按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率在90.2%~106%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于3.5%。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物性食品中的9种N-亚硝胺类化合物

称取样品10.00g,加入100μL由N-二甲基亚硝胺-d6和N-亚硝基二丙胺-d14组成的混合内标溶液(1.00mg·L~(-1)),加入20mL乙腈,涡旋1min,于-20℃冷冻20min,再加入萃取盐(4g硫酸镁、1g氯化钠),迅速振荡30s,以8 000r·min~(-1)在0℃离心10min,取上清液加入10mL乙腈饱和的正己烷,涡旋1min,以6 000r·min~(-1)在0℃离心3min,去除正己烷层,加入净化填料(50mg N-丙基乙二胺、150mg封端十六烷基键合硅胶、900mg Na2SO_4),涡旋1min,以8 000r·min~(-1)在0℃离心5min,取上清液用氮吹浓缩(不吹干),用乙腈定容至1.0mL,采用气相色谱-串联质谱法测定其中的9种N-亚硝胺类化合物。色谱分析中选用VF-WAXms色谱柱(0.25mm×30m,0.25μm),质谱中选择电子轰击离子源和多反应监测模式。9种N-亚硝胺类化合物的质量浓度在5.0～150μg·L~(-1)内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限为0.1μg·kg~(-1),测定下限为0.5μg·kg~(-1)。加标回收率在89.0%～117%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.6%～8.0%之间。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定防晒化妆品中12种紫外线吸收剂

称取防晒化妆品样品5.0g,加入饱和氯化钠溶液1mL,充分混匀后用二氯甲烷为溶剂先后2次萃取样品中12种紫外线吸收剂(UVA)。每次萃取用二氯甲烷5mL,涡旋振荡60s,超声萃取30min,并高速离心5min。收集并合并2次萃取的上清液,吹氮蒸发至近干,用二氯甲烷溶解残渣并定容至1.0mL。采用DB-5MS色谱柱为分离柱,进样量为1μL,在80～300℃区间采用程序升温模式可在30min内对所测12种UVA实现分离;在电子轰击离子源和选择反应监测模式条件下进行串联质谱测定。测得12种UVA的线性范围均在0.01～1.0mg·L~(-1)之间,检出限(3S/N)在1.0～3.0μg·kg~(-1)之间。在不含目标物的空白防晒化妆品中加入12种UVA的混合标准溶液后,按方法分析求得其回收率及测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6),测得两者的结果依次在93.0%～100%之间和1.2%～4.1%之间。     

凝胶渗透色谱净化-液相色谱-同位素稀释串联质谱法测定肉及肉制品中的甲萘威残留

称取试样约5g(精确至0.01g),加入1.000 mg·L~(-1)甲萘威-D7同位素内标溶液50μL,加入适量水(肉样加水1.5mL,肉制品加水3mL),加40mL丙酮,均质1min,加氯化钠6g,充分摇匀,再加30mL石油醚,振摇30min,静置30min。取有机层上清液,经无水硫酸钠过滤,旋转蒸发浓缩至约1mL,加2mL乙酸乙酯-环己烷(1+1)混合液,再浓缩至约1mL,如此重复3次。用乙酸乙酯-环己烷(1+1)溶液定容至10.0mL,经0.22μm滤膜过滤,进行凝胶色谱(GPC)净化。GPC条件如下:Bio Beads S-X3凝胶色谱净化柱(400mm×30mm),乙酸乙酯-环己烷(1+1)混合液为流动相,馏分收集段10.0～15.0min,在线浓缩加热温度45℃,真空度2.0×10~4Pa。以乙腈为替换溶剂替换两次后将净化液定容至1.0mL,进行液相色谱-串联质谱分析。采用HSS T3色谱柱(100mm×2.1mm,1.7μm)进行分离,以0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液-乙腈(6+4)为流动相,质谱分析中采用电喷雾正离子源和多反应监测模式。甲萘威的质量浓度在0.010～0.500mg·L~(-1)内和其峰面积与内标峰面积之比呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为0.005mg·kg~(-1)。加标回收率在81.0%～105%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.8%～16%之间。     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测器法同时测定蔬果中5种植物生长素残留

采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测器法同时测定蔬菜、水果中的吲哚-3-乙酸、吲哚-3-丙酸、吲哚-3-丁酸、2-萘氧乙酸、1-萘乙酸等5种植物生长素残留。取蔬菜或水果样品的可食部分,切碎并充分混匀,称取10.000g,加入20mL含0.2%(体积分数)甲酸的乙腈,高速匀浆2min,加入4g无水硫酸镁、1g氯化钠,涡旋5min后,以8 000r·min~(-1)转速离心5min,取10.0mL上清液蒸发至近干,用5mL含0.2%(体积分数)甲酸的二氯甲烷-乙腈(9+1)混合液复溶,溶液以1mL·min~(-1)流量通过氨基固相萃取小柱。收集流出液,在溶剂蒸发工作站上浓缩至近干,用甲醇溶解残渣并定容至1.0 mL,溶液经0.45μm滤膜过滤后,进行高效液相色谱分析。以Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)为固定相,用0.1%(体积分数)乙酸溶液与甲醇的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱;在激发波长287nm,发射波长337nm处进行荧光检测。结果表明:5种植物生长素的质量浓度均在0.050～5.0mg·L~(-1)内与对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.93～2.0μg·kg~(-1)之间。对空白样品进行加标回收试验,回收率在72.4%～114%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)低于4.6%。     

超声辅助-分散液液微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法快速测定灰尘中多溴联苯醚北大核心CSCD

0.100 0g样品加入10mL正己烷-丙酮(1+1)混合液中,于30℃超声提取20min后,转移上清液,继续加10mL正己烷-丙酮(1+1)混合液超声提取2次,合并上清液,用氮气吹至近干,加入5mL水,混匀,用注射器快速注入0.75mL丙酮和30μL四氯化碳混合液,振荡数秒,以4 500r·min-1转速离心5min,取出沉积相,采用DB-5HT石英毛细管色谱柱(15m×0.25mm,0.1μm)进行分离,质谱分析中采用电子轰击离子源和选择离子监测模式。7种多溴联苯醚的质量比均在一定范围内与对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法检出限(3S/N)在0.90~10.0mg·kg-1之间。加标回收率在61.3%~122%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.3%~12%之间。     

气相色谱-电子捕获检测器快速测定水产品中多种农药及兽药残留北大核心CSCD

称取2.000g样品,加入含0.2%(φ)甲酸的乙腈(85+15)溶液10mL,涡旋混合30s,振荡提取30min,以10 000r·min-1转速离心5min,取上清液。用2mL的含0.2%(φ)甲酸的乙腈(85+15)溶液活化Oasis PRiME HLB小柱后,将上述上清液全部通过Oasis PRiME HLB小柱并收集滤液,于50℃水浴下氮吹至干,加入100μL衍生化试剂[N,O-双(三甲基硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺-三甲基氯硅烷(质量比为99∶1)],涡旋10s,于65℃恒温反应30min后,于50℃水浴下氮吹至干,用正己烷定容至1.0mL,以DB-5/DB-35色谱柱(30m×0.25mm,0.25μm)分离11种拟除虫菊酯类农药和3种氯霉素类兽药,采用电子捕获检测器。11种农药的线性范围为0.10~0.80mg·L-1,3种兽药的线性范围为5.0~40mg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)在0.000 1~0.008 0μg·g-1之间。加标回收率为85.6%~119%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)不大于9.0%。     

超声辅助-分散液液微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法快速测定灰尘中多溴联苯醚

0.100 0g样品加入10mL正己烷-丙酮(1+1)混合液中,于30℃超声提取20min后,转移上清液,继续加10mL正己烷-丙酮(1+1)混合液超声提取2次,合并上清液,用氮气吹至近干,加入5mL水,混匀,用注射器快速注入0.75mL丙酮和30μL四氯化碳混合液,振荡数秒,以4 500r·min-1转速离心5min,取出沉积相,采用DB-5HT石英毛细管色谱柱(15m×0.25mm,0.1μm)进行分离,质谱分析中采用电子轰击离子源和选择离子监测模式。7种多溴联苯醚的质量比均在一定范围内与对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法检出限(3S/N)在0.90~10.0mg·kg-1之间。加标回收率在61.3%~122%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.3%~12%之间。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定胶乳产品中9种有机锡的含量

样品2.000 0g经丙酮20mL超声提取45min,提取液用丙酮定容至25.0mL。取上述溶液1.0mL,加入乙酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 4.0)5mL、20g·L~(-1)四乙基硼酸钠溶液2mL,超声反应45min后,再加入正己烷2mL,涡旋混合30s。取上层有机相经脱水、过滤后,以DB~(-3)5MS色谱柱为固定相,采用气相色谱分离9种有机锡。质谱分析中采用电子轰击离子源(EI)和选择离子监测模式(SIM)。9种有机锡的质量浓度在0.8~50mg·L~(-1)内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.18~0.87mg·kg~(-1)。按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为82.0%~105%,相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于7.0%。     

气相色谱-电子捕获检测器快速测定水产品中多种农药及兽药残留

称取2.000g样品,加入含0.2%(φ)甲酸的乙腈(85+15)溶液10mL,涡旋混合30s,振荡提取30min,以10 000r·min-1转速离心5min,取上清液。用2mL的含0.2%(φ)甲酸的乙腈(85+15)溶液活化Oasis PRiME HLB小柱后,将上述上清液全部通过Oasis PRiME HLB小柱并收集滤液,于50℃水浴下氮吹至干,加入100μL衍生化试剂[N,O-双(三甲基硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺-三甲基氯硅烷(质量比为99∶1)],涡旋10s,于65℃恒温反应30min后,于50℃水浴下氮吹至干,用正己烷定容至1.0mL,以DB-5/DB-35色谱柱(30m×0.25mm,0.25μm)分离11种拟除虫菊酯类农药和3种氯霉素类兽药,采用电子捕获检测器。11种农药的线性范围为0.10~0.80mg·L-1,3种兽药的线性范围为5.0~40mg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)在0.000 1~0.008 0μg·g-1之间。加标回收率为85.6%~119%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)不大于9.0%。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.