石墨烯及其复合材料在锂离子电池中的应用

石墨烯是一种单原子层厚度的石墨材料,具有独特的二维结构和优异的电学、力学以及热学性能。同时它也是一种具有良好应用前景的锂离子电池电极材料。电极材料的微观结构对其性能有很大影响,利用石墨烯获得具有特殊形貌和微观结构的电极材料,能有效改善材料的各项电化学性能。本文综述了石墨烯及其复合材料在锂离子电池中的应用研究进展。在负极复合材料中,石墨烯不仅可以缓冲材料在充放电过程中的体积效应,还可以形成导电网络提升复合材料的导电性能,提高材料的倍率性能和循环寿命。通过优化复合材料的微观结构,例如夹层结构或石墨烯片层包覆结构,可进一步提高材料的电化学性能。在正极复合材料中,石墨烯形成的连续三维导电网络可有效提高复合材料的电子及离子传输能力。此外,相比于传统导电添加剂,石墨烯导电剂的优势在于能用较少的添加量,达到更加优异的电化学性能。最后对石墨烯复合材料的研究前景进行了展望。     

导电高分子-金属氧化物复合材料用作锂离子电池正极材料的研究现状

随着人类社会对能源需求量的增大,高效储能材料的开发备受关注。导电高分子-金属氧化物复合材料具备了作为储能器件正极材料的诸多特质,故成为了相关研究领域的热点方向之一。本文以聚苯胺(PAni)和聚吡咯(PPy)为例,综述了近年来导电高分子-金属氧化物复合材料用作锂离子电池正极材料方面的研究进展。概述了此类材料中各组分如何通过有机/无机协同作用实现材料电化学性能的提升,介绍了此类材料的制备方法,结构特点及常用表征手段,以及材料的电化学性能特征。     

锂离子电池Si/RGO@PANI三明治纳米结构负极材料的制备与电化学性能

以石墨烯和纳米硅颗粒为起始原料,苯胺为单体,植酸为掺杂剂,过硫酸铵为氧化剂（引发剂）,通过超声波的作用成功原位合成了具有三明治纳米结构的Si/RGO@PANI锂离子电池负极材料。石墨烯片层与导电聚苯胺与纳米硅颗粒构成的夹心结构可形成有效的导电网络,且具有优异的结构稳定性,能够有效缓解硅在嵌锂/脱锂过程中产生的巨大体积效应,表现出良好的循环性能和倍率性能。电化学性能测试表明,这种Si/RGO@PANI三明治纳米结构复合材料适合作为一种优良的锂离子电池负极材料。     

锂离子电池Si/RGO@PANI三明治纳米结构负极材料的制备与电化学性能

以石墨烯和纳米硅颗粒为起始原料,苯胺为单体,植酸为掺杂剂,过硫酸铵为氧化剂(引发剂),通过超声波的作用成功原位合成了具有三明治纳米结构的Si/RGO@PANI锂离子电池负极材料。石墨烯片层与导电聚苯胺与纳米硅颗粒构成的夹心结构可形成有效的导电网络,且具有优异的结构稳定性,能够有效缓解硅在嵌锂/脱锂过程中产生的巨大体积效应,表现出良好的循环性能和倍率性能。电化学性能测试表明,这种Si/RGO@PANI三明治纳米结构复合材料适合作为一种优良的锂离子电池负极材料。     

聚苯胺微／纳米结构及其应用

导电聚合物微／纳米结构保留了轻质、类金属电导率和可逆化学和电化学特性,又具有纳米材料的高比表面积、尺寸和量子效应,它在电子器件、储能器件、传感器件等领域具有广泛的技术应用前景。其中,由于聚苯胺的制备方法简单、原料易得和独特的质子酸掺杂和脱掺杂机制,使聚苯胺微／纳米结构的可控制备及其应用研究已成为当前导电聚合物研究的热点...     

对聚苯树脂炭化产物作为锂离子电池碳电极材料的研究Ⅱ.炭化产物制备的电极材料组装的锂离子电池电化学性能

电化学性质;对聚苯树脂炭化产物作为锂离子电池碳电极材料的研究Ⅱ.炭化产物制备的电极材料组装的锂离子电池电化学性能     

对聚苯树脂炭化产物作为锂离子电池碳电极材料的研究Ⅱ.炭化产物制备的电极材料组装的锂离子电池电化学性能

电化学性质;对聚苯树脂炭化产物作为锂离子电池碳电极材料的研究Ⅱ.炭化产物制备的电极材料组装的锂离子电池电化学性能     

聚苯胺/纳米金复合材料

由于聚苯胺/纳米金复合材料不仅同时具有纳米金和聚苯胺原有的特异性能,而且两组分之间还存在着相互协同作用,极大地提升了聚苯胺基体的性能,从而表现出突出的固有电导性、优异的反应催化性和特殊的电荷传递性,因此成为近年来的研究热点。本文综述了聚苯胺/纳米金复合材料的最新研究进展：归纳了聚苯胺/纳米金复合材料的制备方法和各种方法的机理,简单介绍了复合材料在生物医学、传感器和微电子装置等方面的应用,展望了今后复合材料研究的方向。     

聚苯胺的图形化沉积

自1976年发现第一个有机聚合物聚乙炔掺杂后具有类似金属的导电性以来，先后发现了聚吡咯、聚噻吩和聚苯胺(PAn)等导电聚合物，其中聚苯胺以其合成方法简单、稳定性好、较高的电导率及良好的电化学性能等被预言为是最有应用前景的导电高分子材料之一。近年来，随着导电聚合物研究的广泛开展和不断深入，     

聚吡咯的合成与新型双离子电池性能研究

用反相微乳聚合法制备了十二苯磺酸(DBSA)掺杂的导电聚吡咯纳米材料, DBSA既作为表面活性剂又作为掺杂剂, 能够提高聚吡咯的导电性. 用制备出的DBSA-PPy 为正极材料, 石墨为负极材料组装双离子电池, 测试结果表明, C/DBSA-PPy 电池的电化学性能已达到传统锂离子电池的水平, 这是因其具有较高的导电性和特殊掺杂结构的聚吡咯使其电化学性能得到优化.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.