聚谷氨酸苄酯-聚乙二醇-聚谷氨酸苄酯嵌段共聚物的圆二色光谱分析

用三乙胺和双端氨基聚乙二醇分别引发经酯化、环化等处理的谷氨酸开环聚合制备聚谷氨酸苄酯（PBLG）和聚谷氨酸苄酯-聚乙二醇-聚谷氨酸苄酯嵌段共聚物（PBLG-PEG-PBLG，GEG）。采用圆二色光谱对聚合物溶液的旋光性进行分析，以确定共聚物中PBLG嵌段的构型和含量。结果表明，均聚物和共聚物中的PBLG嵌段都以α-螺旋构型存在，中间的PEG不扰乱其构型，通过聚合物的圆二色性（circular dichroism，CD）计算出的PBLG嵌段含量与核磁共振（nuclear magnetic resonance，NMR）所得结果基本一致。     

聚(L-丙氨酸)-聚羟乙基谷氨酰胺双嵌段两亲性共聚多肽的合成及其在水溶液中的自组装

利用光气法分别以L-谷氨酸和L-丙氨酸为原料,合成了γ-谷氨酸苄酯-NCA单体和L-丙氨酸-NCA单体,再以三乙胺为引发剂,合成了聚(L-丙氨酸)-聚(γ-谷氨酸苄酯)(PLA50-b-PBLG20)双嵌段共聚多肽,并用乙醇胺对其中的PBLG嵌段进行亲核取代,把疏水性的苄酯侧链变为亲水性的羟烷酰胺侧链,得到双亲性的聚(L-丙氨酸)-聚羟乙基谷氨酰胺(PLA-b-PHEGA)双嵌段共聚多肽.利用红外光谱和核磁共振谱对产物进行了表征,用TEM研究了双嵌段共聚多肽PLA50-b-PHEGA20在水溶液中的自组装.研究结果表明,双嵌段共聚多肽在水溶液中可自组装形成囊泡.     

接枝树形支化分子双亲性嵌段共聚肽的合成及性能研究

分别以叠氮丙胺和丙炔胺为引发剂,采用氨基酸环内酸酐开环聚合法(NCA-ROP),引发L-谷氨酸-γ-苄酯-N-羧基-环内酸酐和L-谷氨酸-γ-氯乙醇酯-N-羧基-环内酸酐聚合得到链端基为叠氮基的聚(L-谷氨酸-γ-苄酯)(PBLG)和链端基为炔基的聚(L-谷氨酸-γ-氯乙醇酯)(PCELG)均聚物.联合点击化学法(click chemistry)制备了一系列聚(L-谷氨酸-γ-苄酯)-b-聚(L-谷氨酸-γ-氯乙醇酯)(PBLG-b-PCELG),再通过对嵌段共聚物侧基氯进行化学修饰,将二代的甲基烷氧醚类亲水性树形枝化分子(G2)接枝到侧链上,形成一系列树形支化分子接枝聚肽双亲性嵌段共聚物,通过核磁(NMR)、红外光谱(IR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对其化学结构进行了表征,并采用紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)研究了聚合物结构及其溶液浓度对其温敏行为的影响规律.     

聚肽螺旋纳米弯棒的制备与形成机理

通过五元环酸酐（NCA）开环聚合的方法成功合成了聚(γ-苄基-L-谷氨酸酯)（PBLG）聚肽均聚物和聚(γ-苄基-L-谷氨酸酯)-b-聚乙二醇（PBLG-b-PEG）聚肽嵌段共聚物，并通过酸解脱苄基及与肉桂醇的酯化反应对PBLG-b-PEG嵌段共聚物改性，制备了聚(γ-苄基-L-谷氨酸酯-co-肉桂基-L-谷氨酸酯)-b-聚乙二醇（P(BLG/CLG)-b-PEG）改性嵌段共聚物，其聚肽侧链上修饰了可光交联的肉桂酰氧基，其C=C双键在紫外光照射下能发生环加成反应交联聚肽链段。采用四氢呋喃-N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（THF-DMF）有机共溶剂溶解、选择性溶剂（水）沉淀的自组装方法制备了PBLG纳米棒；然后向纳米棒水溶液中加入THF溶剂诱导纳米棒弯曲，制备了纳米弯棒。通过THF的加入量可以调控纳米棒的弯曲程度。利用类似的方法，通过PBLG与PBLG-b-PEG或P(BLG/CLG)-b-PEG共组装制备了螺旋纳米棒（其中PBLG均聚物形成棒状内核、PBLG-b-PEG或P(BLG/CLG)-b-PEG形成表面纳米螺纹），然后向螺旋纳米棒水溶液中加入THF溶剂，但是仅得到了光滑纳米弯棒（表面螺纹...     

可逆加成-断裂链转移方法合成两亲液晶嵌段功能大分子及其自组装的研究

采用可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)可控聚合反应方法,合成制备了一系列窄分子量分布、结构规整的两亲液晶嵌段功能大分子聚甲基丙烯酸亚己基胆固醇酯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(PMA6Chol-block-PHEMA).运用核磁共振(NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)、示差扫描热分析仪(DSC)和热失重分析仪(TGA)对制备所得两亲嵌段功能大分子的化学结构、热物理性能以及液晶相结构与转变温度进行了研究.在此基础上,采用纳米沉淀法研究了所得系列液晶嵌段功能大分子在混合溶剂中的自组装,制备得到微米尺度球形组装体.研究结果表明刚性胆固醇液晶共聚单元的存在对于溶液自组装产生重要影响.     

两亲刚性三嵌段聚多肽的合成及其自组装行为

通过胱胺三甲基硅氮烷(N-TMS)引发N-羧基内酸苷(NCA)开环聚合,合成了2种两亲刚性三嵌段聚多肽聚(L-赖氨酸-ε-端甲基二缩乙二醇酰胺)-b-聚(L-谷氨酸-γ-苄酯)-b-聚(L-赖氨酸-ε-端甲基二缩乙二醇酰胺)(P[Lys-(EG)_2]-b-PBLG-b-P[Lys-(EG)_2])和聚(L-谷氨酸-γ-苄酯)-b-聚(L-赖氨酸-端甲基二缩乙二醇酰胺)-b-聚(L-谷氨酸-γ-苄酯)(PBLG-b-P[Lys-(EG)_2]-bPBLG),并用其在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)-水的混合溶液中制备了三嵌段聚多肽的自组装体。采用核磁共振氢谱(1 H-NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)表征了三嵌段聚多肽的结构,通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了三嵌段聚多肽在混合溶液中的自组装行为。结果表明:通过N-TMS引发NCA开环聚合得到的三嵌段聚多肽的分子量与其理论值基本一致,且分子量分布窄;聚多肽在DMF-水的混合溶液中分别形成了球状胶束、大复合胶束、棒状大复合胶束等组装体;其自组装行为与特殊的全刚性嵌段结构有关。     

聚谷氨酸苄酯-g-(聚四氢呋喃-b-聚异丁烯)共聚物的微观结构与形态

通过可控/活性离子聚合方法设计合成一系列不同共聚组成的聚谷氨酸苄酯-g-(聚四氢呋喃-b-聚异丁烯)的新型嵌段接枝共聚物,即PBLG-g-(PTHF-b-PIB),研究共聚物中支链(PTHF-b-PIB)长度及接枝密度对主链PBLG玻璃化转变温度、α-螺旋二级结构及其转变的影响,研究支链中PTHF链段长度对其双端受限的玻璃化转变及凝聚态结构的影响.结果表明:PBLG-g-(PTHF-b-PIB)共聚物中刚性主链保持α-螺旋二级结构;随着支链长度增加或接枝密度增加,主链PBLG的α-螺旋二级结构特征峰逐渐减弱,玻璃化转变温度逐渐提高,α-螺旋结构发生转变的焓值逐渐增大;在确定接枝密度的情况下,随着支链中PTHF链段长度增加,共聚物中双端受限的PTHF链段结晶逐渐增强,结晶熔融温度及熔融焓均增加;在确定支链中PTHF链段长度的情况下,随着接枝密度增大,支链间链段相互排斥,PTHF链段结晶逐渐减弱.     

聚丙烯酰胺/聚L-谷氨酸苄酯接枝共聚物的合成及其胶束制备

以聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为大分子引发剂, 采用开环聚合方法, 在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中引发L-谷氨酸苄酯环内酸酐(BLG-NCA)聚合合成了两亲性聚丙烯酰胺/聚L-谷氨酸苄酯接枝共聚物(PAM-g-BLG), 采用IR, 1H NMR和GPC方法对共聚物结构进行了表征; 用芘作荧光探针, 研究了共聚物胶束的形成及其临界胶束浓度(cmc), 利用动态光散射(DLS)和透射电镜(TEM)研究了胶束的粒径分布和形态. 结果表明, PAM能够引发BLG-NCA开环聚合得到接枝共聚物, 在一定条件下接枝共聚物能够形成球形的稳定胶束, cmc值和胶束粒径随着共聚物中疏水性聚L-谷氨酸苄酯(PBLG)链段含量的增加而减小.     

聚谷氨酸苄酯-聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物的合成和表征

通过嵌段共聚技术,合成了聚γ－苄基L－谷氨酸（PBLG）作为疏水性链段－聚乙二醇（PEG）作为亲水性链段的嵌段共聚物。用对甲苯磺酸酯化－氨水皂化法合成带有端氨基的聚乙二醇（AT－PEG）,光气－甲苯液相法制备谷氨酸苄酯－N－羟酸酐（BLG－NCA）。用AT－PEG引发BLG－NCA聚合制备PBLG－PEG或PBLG－PEG－PBLG,通过不同的单体、引发剂浓度比调节聚合物分子量。用GPC、^1HNMR、IR对聚合物的结构进行了表征。结果表明,带有端氨基的聚乙二醇确实能引发BLG－NCA生成PBLG和PEG的嵌段共聚物,产物中几乎没有残存的PEG,共聚物的分子量可控。     

聚肽HVLPs的制备与载药性能

通过脱苄基和酯化反应,在聚(γ-苄基L-谷氨酸酯)-b-聚乙二醇(PBLG-b-PEG)嵌段共聚物的PBLG嵌段侧基修饰上可光交联的肉桂酰氧基,得到聚(γ-苄基L-谷氨酸酯-co-肉桂基L-谷氨酸酯)-b-聚乙二醇(P(BLG/CLG)-b-PEG)嵌段共聚物。将P(BLG/CLG)-b-PEG分别与PBLG均聚物、聚苯乙烯(PS)均聚物共混自组装,制备出具有核-壳结构的棒状和球状仿病毒粒子(VLPs),其中,均聚物形成棒状或球状内核,嵌段共聚物构成外壳。利用紫外光照射交联CLG链段固定VLPs壳结构,以N,N′-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶解去除均聚物内核,制备中空仿病毒粒子(HVLPs)。采用扫描电镜、透射电镜表征了组装体的微观形貌。研究表明:DMF可以溶解去除球状VLPs的PS均聚物内核,制备出表面具有条纹的球状HVLPs;而棒状VLPs的PBLG均聚物内核不能被DMF溶解去除。以阿霉素(DOX)为模型药物,研究了球状HVLPs的载药性能,其对DOX的相对载药量可以达到230%,在pH=7.4时72 h药物累计释放量达到80%。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.