聚谷氨酸苄酯-聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物的合成和表征

通过嵌段共聚技术,合成了聚γ－苄基L－谷氨酸（PBLG）作为疏水性链段－聚乙二醇（PEG）作为亲水性链段的嵌段共聚物。用对甲苯磺酸酯化－氨水皂化法合成带有端氨基的聚乙二醇（AT－PEG）,光气－甲苯液相法制备谷氨酸苄酯－N－羟酸酐（BLG－NCA）。用AT－PEG引发BLG－NCA聚合制备PBLG－PEG或PBLG－PEG－PBLG,通过不同的单体、引发剂浓度比调节聚合物分子量。用GPC、^1HNMR、IR对聚合物的结构进行了表征。结果表明,带有端氨基的聚乙二醇确实能引发BLG－NCA生成PBLG和PEG的嵌段共聚物,产物中几乎没有残存的PEG,共聚物的分子量可控。     

两亲嵌段共聚物聚乙二醇-聚谷氨酸苄酯纳米粒药物载体的合成研究

用磺酸酯法制备单端氨基聚乙二醇引发剂,引发谷氨酸苄酯羧酸酐开环聚合,生成可生物降解的两亲嵌段共聚物聚乙二醇﹣聚谷氨酸苄酯(PEG-PBLG),用IR,NMR和GPC表征了共聚物。用超微透析法制备PEG-PBLG聚合物纳米粒,荧光芘探针法测定纳米粒的临界聚集浓度(cac)。紫外分光光度计考察纳米粒对疏水性药物的增溶作用,PEG-PBLG可作为亚微粒药物输送系统的载体。     

AB型两亲聚L-谷氨酸-苄酯-聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

利用L 谷氨酸和苯甲醇反应制备了L 谷氨酸 苄酯 ,然后将其与三聚光气反应制备了N 羧基 L 谷氨酸 环内酸酐 (NCA) .以聚乙二醇单甲醚 (MPEG)为原料 ,制备了端氨基聚乙二醇单甲醚 (MPEG NH2 ) ,并以此作为引发剂 ,引发NCA开环聚合 ,合成了不同分子量的聚L 谷氨酸 苄酯 聚乙二醇单甲醚 (PBGM )嵌段共聚物 .利用IR、1 H NMR、DSC、GPC等方法对共聚物结构进行了表征 .结果表明 ,MPEG NH2 引发NCA开环聚合得到的是嵌段共聚物 ,通过1 H NMR谱得到共聚物组成及数均分子量 ;随着共聚物中MPEG含量的增高 ,聚L 谷氨酸 苄酯的亲水性有所改善     

聚丙烯酰胺/聚L-谷氨酸苄酯接枝共聚物的合成及其胶束制备

以聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为大分子引发剂, 采用开环聚合方法, 在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中引发L-谷氨酸苄酯环内酸酐(BLG-NCA)聚合合成了两亲性聚丙烯酰胺/聚L-谷氨酸苄酯接枝共聚物(PAM-g-BLG), 采用IR, 1H NMR和GPC方法对共聚物结构进行了表征; 用芘作荧光探针, 研究了共聚物胶束的形成及其临界胶束浓度(cmc), 利用动态光散射(DLS)和透射电镜(TEM)研究了胶束的粒径分布和形态. 结果表明, PAM能够引发BLG-NCA开环聚合得到接枝共聚物, 在一定条件下接枝共聚物能够形成球形的稳定胶束, cmc值和胶束粒径随着共聚物中疏水性聚L-谷氨酸苄酯(PBLG)链段含量的增加而减小.     

聚L-谷氨酸γ-苄酯的合成及其结晶结构的研究

利用L-谷氨酸苄酯与三光气反应制备了N-羧基-L-谷氨酸γ-苄酯-环内酸酐(NCA),以正已胺为引发剂,引发NCA开环聚合,合成了分子量为6700的聚L-谷氨酸γ-苄酯(PBLG).利用核磁共振仪(1 H-NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)以及一维大角X射线衍射仪(1D-WAXD)等表征手...     

聚l-谷氨酸苄酯的制备及成膜

用三光气法合成了L-谷氨酸苄酯均聚物,讨论了N-羧基环内酸酐开环聚合的机理。用红外光谱、差示扫描量热测试技术分别对聚合产物进行了表征和分析。结果表明,N-羧基-L-谷氨酸-苄酯-环内酸酐开环聚合得到了聚L-谷氨酸苄酯。研究了不同温度和时间对聚合物分子量的影响。40℃是完成聚合反应的适宜温度。随着反应时间的增加,聚合产物分子量线性增加。用四氢呋喃作溶剂制备了PBLG薄膜,薄膜的密度为1.098 g/cm3。讨论了不同浸泡时间对聚合物吸水率的影响,结果显示,PBLG的吸水率随着时间的增加而增大,其变化范围为2.64%~5.58%,并且在48 h内逐渐趋于平稳;在相同状态下,断裂界面处的吸水率远高于其它部位。     

聚谷氨酸苄酯-g-(聚四氢呋喃-b-聚异丁烯)共聚物的微观结构与形态

通过可控/活性离子聚合方法设计合成一系列不同共聚组成的聚谷氨酸苄酯-g-(聚四氢呋喃-b-聚异丁烯)的新型嵌段接枝共聚物,即PBLG-g-(PTHF-b-PIB),研究共聚物中支链(PTHF-b-PIB)长度及接枝密度对主链PBLG玻璃化转变温度、α-螺旋二级结构及其转变的影响,研究支链中PTHF链段长度对其双端受限的玻璃化转变及凝聚态结构的影响.结果表明:PBLG-g-(PTHF-b-PIB)共聚物中刚性主链保持α-螺旋二级结构;随着支链长度增加或接枝密度增加,主链PBLG的α-螺旋二级结构特征峰逐渐减弱,玻璃化转变温度逐渐提高,α-螺旋结构发生转变的焓值逐渐增大;在确定接枝密度的情况下,随着支链中PTHF链段长度增加,共聚物中双端受限的PTHF链段结晶逐渐增强,结晶熔融温度及熔融焓均增加;在确定支链中PTHF链段长度的情况下,随着接枝密度增大,支链间链段相互排斥,PTHF链段结晶逐渐减弱.     

聚谷氨酸苄酯脱保护制备聚L-谷氨酸的正交实验研究

聚L-谷氨酸苄酯(PBLG)用体积分数为33%的HBr-醋酸溶液脱保护得到聚L-谷氨酸(PLGA). 采用正交实验研究了温度、时间、溶剂及33%HBr-醋酸溶液用量在脱保护过程中对聚L-谷氨酸分子量的影响. 结果表明, 反应温度越高, 时间越长, 溶剂二氯乙酸用量越大, PBLG降解越快, 得到的PLGA分子量越小; 33%HBr-醋酸溶液的影响则相反, 随着33%HBr-醋酸溶液用量的增加, 反应体系酸性减弱, PBLG溶解度降低, 肽键断裂减缓, PLGA分子量也就相对较大.     

聚(L-丙氨酸)-聚羟乙基谷氨酰胺双嵌段两亲性共聚多肽的合成及其在水溶液中的自组装

利用光气法分别以L-谷氨酸和L-丙氨酸为原料,合成了γ-谷氨酸苄酯-NCA单体和L-丙氨酸-NCA单体,再以三乙胺为引发剂,合成了聚(L-丙氨酸)-聚(γ-谷氨酸苄酯)(PLA50-b-PBLG20)双嵌段共聚多肽,并用乙醇胺对其中的PBLG嵌段进行亲核取代,把疏水性的苄酯侧链变为亲水性的羟烷酰胺侧链,得到双亲性的聚(L-丙氨酸)-聚羟乙基谷氨酰胺(PLA-b-PHEGA)双嵌段共聚多肽.利用红外光谱和核磁共振谱对产物进行了表征,用TEM研究了双嵌段共聚多肽PLA50-b-PHEGA20在水溶液中的自组装.研究结果表明,双嵌段共聚多肽在水溶液中可自组装形成囊泡.     

聚谷氨酸苄酯掺杂硅胶用于拆分氧氟沙星对映体

通过将聚谷氨酸苄酯（PBLG）掺杂在硅胶中,建立了一种分离手性物质氧氟沙星对映体的方法。以壳聚糖为引发剂,利用开环聚合方法合成了PBLG。将PBLG掺杂在硅胶G中制备薄层色谱板,实现了对氧氟沙星外消旋体的拆分。考察了展开溶剂体系、不同比例溶剂、展开温度和展开时间对手性拆分氧氟沙星对映异构体的影响。结果表明,该薄层色谱板拆分氧氟沙星对映异构体的最佳条件为：0.5 g PBLG掺杂在2 g硅胶G中,以乙腈-甲醇（V/V=2∶1）混合溶剂为展开体系,35℃下展开30 min。氧氟沙星对映体单体在薄层色谱板上的手性分离因子（α）范围为2.62～6.12,实现了基线分离。     

Morphology-dependent luminescence properties of poly(benzyl ether) dendrimers

Poly(benzyl ether) dendrimers with o-, m-, and p-isomers of dialkoxybenzene at their focal points [o-, m-, and p-(Gn)₂Ar], having generation numbers (n) of 0–3, were synthesized. ¹H NMR pulse relaxation times (T₁) of the exterior MeO groups of o- and m-(Gn)₂Ar (n = 0–3) all remained in the range of 0.92–1.43 s. In sharp contrast, an exceptionally short T₁ value (0.23 s) was observed for p-(G3)₂Ar. Although their absorption spectral profiles were slightly different from one another, an essential difference was observed for their fluorescence properties. When the generation number was increased, the fluorescence efficiency of o-(Gn)₂Ar increased, but that of p-(Gn)₂Ar decreased, whereas m-(Gn)₂Ar exhibited a relatively small change in the fluorescence efficiency. Fluorescence depolarization studies showed a highly efficient intramolecular energy migration in p-(G3)₂Ar as compared with o-(G3)₂Ar and m-(G3)₂Ar. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3524–3530, 2003     

Thermodynamic of polymer mixtures: The LCT applied to the poly(styrene)/poly(vinyl methylether) system

In this article, the Lattice Cluster Theory developed by Freed and coworkers is applied to the poly(styrene)/poly(vinyl methylether) system by measuring the enthalpy and the volume variation associated with the mixing of the two homopolymers. It comes out that the chains architectures previously chosen for the two macromolecules based on the phase diagram and of the partition function developed by the theory correctly predicts the sign of both ΔH^M and ΔV^M. The foreseen trends as function of mixture composition fit the experimental data only for ΔV^M; ΔH^M is higher than predicted, asymmetrical and independent on the chain lengths of the components. The conclusion is that the theory needs some final touches in order to obtain a better agreement with experiments. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 791–797, 2008     

Viscometric study of poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(vinyl acetate) blends in various solvents

The intermolecular interactions between poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) in tetrahydrofuran (THF), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and N,N^′-dimethylformamide (DMF) were thoroughly investigated by the viscosity measurement. It has been found that the solvent selected has a great influence upon the polymer-polymer interactions in solution. If using PVAc and THF, or PVAc and DMF to form polymer solvent, the intrinsic viscosity of PVC in polymer solvent of (PVAc+THF) or (PVAc+DMF) is less than in corresponding pure solvent of THF or DMF. On the contrary, if using PVAc and MEK to form polymer solvent, the intrinsic viscosity of PVC in polymer solvent of (PVAc+MEK) is larger than in pure solvent of MEK. The influence of solvent upon the polymer-polymer interactions also comes from the interaction parameter term Δb, developed from modified Krigbaum and Wall theory. If PVC/PVAc blends with the weight ratio of 1/1 was dissolved in THF or DMF, Δb<0. On the contrary, if PVC/PVAc blends with the same weight ratio was dissolved in MEK, Δb>0. These experimental results show that the compatibility of PVC/PVAc blends is greatly associated with the solvent from which polymer mixtures were cast. The agreement of these results with differential scanning calorimetry measurements of PVC/PVAc blends casting from different solvents is good.     

Swelling kinetics of poly(aspartic acid)/poly(acrylic acid) semi‐interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels in urea solutions

Semi‐interpenetrating network (semi‐IPN) hydrogels, composed of poly(aspartic acid) (PAsp) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) with various ratios of PAsp to AAc, were prepared. In this work, swelling kinetics was investigated through calculating some parameters. The swelling ratios were measured at room temperature, using urea solutions as liquids to be absorbed. Compared to in deionized water, the hydrogels showed larger swelling ratios in urea solutions, which might be attributed to the chemical composition of urea. The equilibrium swelling ratio could achieve 600 g/g, and the equilibrium urea/water contents were more than 0.99. The diffusion exponents were between 0.5 and 0.7, suggesting that the solvent transport into the hydrogel was dominated by both diffusion and relaxation controlled systems. Therefore, the PAsp/PAAc semi‐IPN hydrogels were appropriate to carry substances in a urea/water environment for pharmaceutical, agricultural, environmental, and biomedical applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 666–671, 2010     

Self-aggregation of dendritic poly(benzyl ether)–poly(acrylic acid), an amphiphilic block copolymer, studied by 1H NMR

The dynamic properties of the micelles of a novel synthesized amphiphilic block copolymer, dendritic poly(benzyl ether)–poly(acrylic acid) (Dendr.PBE-PAA), formed in aqueous solutions were studied by the ¹H self-diffusion coefficient, relaxation measurements and 2D nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy. The experimental results show that Dendr.PBE-PAA molecules self-aggregate in aqueous solution. The dynamic properties of the Dendr.PBE-PAA micelles vary with their total concentration in the solution. The motion of the molecules in the micelles of a concentrated solution is more restricted than that in a less concentrated one. The main chains of PAA are densely packed in the surface layer of the hydrophobic core with the carboxyl side chain pointing to the aqueous medium and the hydrophobic phenoxy rings stay in the interior. The self-aggregate becomes larger as the degree of polymerization of PAA increases. However the phenoxy rings situated in the interior of the hydrophobic core become more loosely packed. n-Hexadecane is solubilized in the micelles. The optimal position of n-hexadecane is between the phenoxy rings next to the PAA chains. Received: 25 January 2001 Accepted: 18 July 2001     

Epoxy/poly(benzyl methacrylate) blends: miscibility, phase separation on curing and morphology

Diglycidyl ether of bisfenol-A (DGEBA)/polybenzyl methacrylate (PBzMA) blends cured with 4,4’-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) were studied. Miscibility, phase separation, cure kinetics and morphology were investigated through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Non-reactive DGEBA/PBzMA blends are miscible over the whole composition range. The addition of PBzMA to the reactive (DGEBA+DDM) mixture slows down the curing rate, although the reaction mechanism remains autocatalytic. On curing, initially miscible (DGEBA+DDM)/PBzMA blends phase separate, arising two glass transition temperatures that correspond to a PBzMA-rich phase and to epoxy network. Cured epoxy/PBzMA blends present different morphologies as a function of the PBzMA content.     

Thermal lensing in poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyaniline blends

Nonlinear optical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/polyaniline (PAni) blends were measured with the single‐beam Z‐scan technique with Fourier analysis. The results obtained with continuous wave (cw) excitation indicated that the self‐phase modulation had a thermal origin. Besides the Z‐scan technique, we also employed the time‐resolved mode‐mismatched thermal lens (TL) technique to obtain the temperature coefficient of the optical path length, ds/dT, and the thermal diffusivity coefficient, D, for the specific concentrations used in our blends. ds/dT varied between ?0.8 and ?1.0 × 10^?4 K^?1, whereas the thermal diffusivity varied between 1.0 and 1.3 × 10^?3 cm²/s. The TL technique was further used to study the aging of the blends as they were heated to 90 °C. Unlike the electrical conductivity of PAni films, which presented a strong dependence on the doping level, the thermooptic properties presented only a slight variation with doping. This feature indicated that the PVA/glutaraldehyde network made the main contribution to the thermooptic properties (D and ds/dT) in the PAni blends. Similarly, dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent determined the thermooptic properties of PAni solutions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 1949–1956, 2002     

α-Fe2O3/Attapulgite-mediated reaction of benzyl chloride: Synthesis of poly(phenylene methylene)

Thermostable and fluorescent poly(phenylene methylene) (PPM) was synthesized via α-Fe₂O₃/attapulgite (α-Fe₂O₃/A)-mediated polymerization of benzyl chloride (BC) in CCl₄ in good yields. A carbocationic mechanism was proposed based on the controlling experiment. The structure and properties of PPM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography, and UV–vis and fluorescence spectrometry. The results show that PPM possesses outstanding homoconjugation fluorescence and excellent thermal stability with onset decomposition temperature of ca. 420 °C. Recycled α-Fe₂O₃/A proved to be still highly active for BC polymerization. Moreover, the strategy features low-cost and readily accessible starting materials, simple one-pot operation, and recyclable catalyst, facilitating future applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018 , 56, 2280–2285     

一种新的富勒烯封端聚L-谷氨酸苄酯的合成

首次利用富勒烯谷氨酸苄酯的游离氨基引发谷氨酸苄酯-NCA开环聚合,得到了一种新的富勒烯封端的聚谷氨酸苄酯.利用核磁共振（1HNMR）、红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF-MS）和热重分析等对产物进行了表征.