有机 无机纳米复合光电材料研究进展

很久以来人们就尝试着结合有机材料和无机材料的性质于一种复合材料。在还没有复合材料这一概念时,有机/无机复合结构已被广泛用于聚合物工业中——无机添加剂(矿物、粘土、滑石等)被加入聚合物中以改善其性能。过去十年中,关于有机/无机纳米复合材料的研究工作已成为材料学科的一个重要领域。不同于传统的复合材料,有机无机纳米复合材料其相微区通常为纳米尺度,有时甚至减小到分子水平的复合。复合材料的性质不但与各组分的性质有关,而且各组分相的形态和其间界面性质密切相关,后两者对决定材料的整体性质起着至关重要的作用^[1,2].     

有机染料-层状硅酸盐光活性纳米复合材料*

有机-无机纳米复合材料,尤其是有机客体插层入无机层状固体自组装形成的纳米复合材料,因其独特的微观结构与性能,在超分子构筑纳米材料领域中具有特殊地位。本文主要介绍了光致变色与光致发光光功能性有机染料插层层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的研究进展,着重讨论了螺吡喃、偶氮、二芳基乙烯、芘、香豆素等染料在二维纳米片层间独特的光学行为、有序排列形态、构筑的多层功能性薄膜及其在光功能性材料开发方面的应用前景。     

液态有机-无机纳米颗粒离子化材料合成及结构研究进展

有机-无机纳米颗粒离子化材料（NIMs）是由无机纳米颗粒核和与其以共价键相连的离子化有机齐聚物或低聚物的冠状层组成的有机-无机杂化材料。根据核和冠状层的几何和化学性质，如纳米核的尺寸、形状及含量，有机层的分子量及接枝度的不同，NIMs可以是从玻璃态固体到自由流动的流体，即纳米颗粒离子化流体（Nms）。液态有机-无机纳米...     

LDHs薄膜基纳米荧光传感器的制备及其研究进展

层状复合氢氧化物(LDHs)是一种层板金属元素和层间离子可调的无机层状材料,利用其独特的插层组装特性,基于静电、氢键、范德华力等相互作用力,功能性荧光客体分子可与LDHs纳米片复合构筑多功能荧光薄膜材料.LDHs薄膜基荧光材料用于荧光传感器,在有机挥发性气体(VOCs)、温度、压力、重要生物分子等的检测中显示了良好性能.本文总结了LDHs复合薄膜的制备方法以及近年来其在纳米荧光传感领域的进展,并对其未来发展做出了展望.     

微孔化合物生成中的结构导向与模板作用

本文详细总结了各种客体分子或离子在无机微孔化合物生成中的结构导向与模板作用。讨论了不同合成体系中,客体与无机骨架间的非键相互作用对生成骨架结构的影响以及分子模拟在研究主-客体关系、结构导向剂设计与筛选等方面的进展。无机或有机客体与无机骨架间关系规律的研究,有助于进一步理解结构导向剂(3ＤＡ)作用的机理和微孔化合物的晶化与生成机制,对特定结构微孔化合物的定向合成具有一定的意义。     

无机纳米晶-生物界面作用的分子机制

无机纳米晶材料以其独特的光、电、磁、力学性质,成为疾病诊断与治疗功能的关键材料.本文总结了无机纳米晶的表面化学活性、离子释放性、晶相结构、晶格缺陷、表面吸附和表面修饰等与尺寸相关的理化性质与生物效应之间的关系.综述了无机纳米晶与蛋白质、磷脂生物膜间的界面相互作用,探讨了纳米晶-生物界面作用的分子机理.这有助于理解无机纳米晶的生物行为和毒理性质,指导设计安全、高效的纳米晶生物医学材料.     

《化学通报》网络版(Chemistry Online)2005年第11期论文摘要

[w123]具有纳米结构的有机发光材料研究进展**Progress in Research on Organic Nanomaterials for Luminescence赵雷黄维*(复旦大学先进材料研究院上海200433)对有机纳米发光材料制备方法以及材料的性能作了较为全面的综述。有机纳米发光材料由于存在分子间作用力(范德华力)或氢键以及具有小的Frenkel激子半径,与无机半导体纳米微粒以及纳米金属有着很大的区别,具有自己独特的光电性能,同时又兼具了有机发光材料响应速度快、可进行分子设计和纳米材料的尺寸效应等优点,在新型光电器件方面具有潜在应用前景。综合研究现状,本文也提出了该…     

无机分子纳米材料的研究进展

无机分子纳米材料是至少在一个维度上为纳米尺寸的分子及以其为单元组成的材料。由于其特殊的结构和性质，这种材料可以作为未来纳米分子电子器件、小分子吸附及储存材料。本文将从合成、结构、性质、应用等方面, 结合最新进展对这一充满活力并有着应用前景的领域作一简要概述。     

基质环境对氨基苯甲酸/硅凝胶复合材料荧光特性的影响

近年来，溶胶－凝胶技术在制备无机－有机复合材料中的应用越来越广泛犤１～６犦。该方法既可以制得具有很好机械性能和光学均匀性的块体材料，也可以制得薄膜和粉体材料。有机光学活性物质在无机基质中的存在状态及其化学环境，有机分子之间及有机分子与无机基质之间的相互作用对材料的热稳定性、光学特性以及实际应用影响极大犤７～１０犦。研究无机基质的微环境与有机光学活性分子之间的相互作用，对于复合材料的组成、性能、制备工艺的优化设计和实际应用至关重要。但是，目前有关这方面的系统研究报道很少。本文在硅溶胶中分别掺入了一…     

多孔纳米氧化铝薄膜上荧光分子光谱特性研究

通过两步电化学阳极氧化技术制备了孔径为40nm的多孔纳米阳极氧化铝材料(AAO)，在AAO薄膜上分别填充了几种有机荧光分子使其形成高度有序的有机-无机复合体发光阵列，测定了此复合体的发射光谱．结果表明，AAO薄膜对有机分子具有较强的结合能力，其结合能力来源于物理和化学的协同作用．在AAO纳米薄膜上的有机荧光分子的最大发射波长均产生了明显的蓝移现象，初步探讨了此现象的机理．有机分子填充进入高度有序的AAO纳米孔阵列之中时，有机分子的聚集形式会发生改变并且也是高度有序的，同时由于极化作用使有机分子沿着纳米孔的轴向具有相对优势的分子取向，使有机分子在AAO纳米薄膜上形成了接近单分子层的高度有序的排列方式，增强了发光效率．     

Sol–gel derived organic–inorganic hybrid materials: synthesis,characterizations and applications

Organic/inorganic hybrid materials prepared by the sol–gel approach have rapidly become a fascinating new field of research in materials science. The explosion of activity in this area in the past decade has made tremendous progress in both the fundamental understanding of the sol–gel process and the development and applications of new organic/inorganic hybrid materials. Polymer-inorganic nanocomposite present an interesting approach to improve the separation properties of polymer material because they possess properties of both organic and inorganic such as good permeability, selectivity, mechanical strength, and thermal and chemical stability. Composite material derived by combining the sol–gel approach and organic polymers synthesis of hybrid material were the focus area of review It has also been demonstrated in this review that a more complete understanding of their structure–property behavior can be gained by employing many of the standard tools that are utilized for developing similar structure–property relationships of organic polymers. This review article is introductory in nature and gives introduction to composite materials/nanocomposite, their applications and the methods commonly employed for their synthesis and characterization. A brief literature survey on the polysaccharide templated and polysaccharide/protein dual templated synthesis of silica composite materials is also presented in this review article.     

Advances in organic–inorganic hybrid sorbents for the extraction of organic and inorganic pollutants in different types of food and environmental samples

The efficiency of the extraction and removal of pollutants from food and the environment has been an important issue in analytical science. By incorporating inorganic species into an organic matrix, a new material known as an organic–inorganic hybrid material is formed. As it possesses high selectivity, permeability, and mechanical and chemical stabilities, organic–inorganic hybrid materials constitute an emerging research field and have become popular to serve as sorbents in various separaton science methods. Here, we review recent significant advances in analytical solid‐phase extraction employing organic–inorganic composite/nanocomposite sorbents for the extraction of organic and inorganic pollutants from various types of food and environmental matrices. The physicochemical characteristics, extraction properties, and analytical performances of sorbents are discussed; including morphology and surface characteristics, types of functional groups, interaction mechanism, selectivity and sensitivity, accuracy, and regeneration abilities. Organic–inorganic hybrid sorbents combined with extraction techniques are highly promising for sample preparation of various food and environmental matrixes with analytes at trace levels.     

有机--无机纳米复合材料的制备方法

本文综述了无机--有机纳米复合材料的制备方法,介绍了其结构和性质,并展望了其应用前景.     

有机-无机纳米复合水凝胶*

本文综述了近年来有机-无机纳米复合水凝胶领域的研究进展。针对无机成分的不同种类及复合形式,本文将目前已见报道的有机-无机纳米复合水凝胶划分为三类,分别为层状硅酸盐纳米插层复合水凝胶、粘土交联纳米复合水凝胶和二氧化硅纳米杂化复合水凝胶。阐述了三类纳米复合水凝胶的发展趋势,特别就它们的合成方法进行了详细归纳与总结。在此基础上,介绍了纳米无机成分对复合水凝胶的性能增强机理,并就三者之间的增强差异进行了说明。     

Microfluidics in Inorganic Chemistry

The application of microfluidics in chemistry has gained significant importance in the recent years. Miniaturized chemistry platforms provide controlled fluid transport, rapid chemical reactions, and cost‐saving advantages over conventional reactors. The advantages of microfluidics have been clearly established in the field of analytical and bioanalytical sciences and in the field of organic synthesis. It is less true in the field of inorganic chemistry and materials science; however in inorganic chemistry it has mostly been used for the separation and selective extraction of metal ions. Microfluidics has been used in materials science mainly for the improvement of nanoparticle synthesis, namely metal, metal oxide, and semiconductor nanoparticles. Microfluidic devices can also be used for the formulation of more advanced and sophisticated inorganic materials or hybrids.     

Nanocomposite polymer hydrogels

The technological need for new and better soft materials as well as the drive for new knowledge and fundamental understanding has led to significant advances in the field of nanocomposite gels. A variety of complex gel structures with unique chemical, physical, and biological properties have been engineered or discovered at the nanoscale. The possibility to form self-assembled and supramolecular morphologies makes organic polymers and inorganic nanoparticles desirable building blocks for the design of water based gels. In this review, we highlight the most recent (2004–2008) accomplishments and trends in the field of nanocomposite polymer hydrogels with a focus on creative approaches to generating structures, properties, and function within mostly biotechnological applications. We examine the impact of published work and conclude with an outline on future directions and challenges that come with the design and engineering of new nanocomposite gels.     

导电高分子及其纳米复合材料的热电性质

与无机热电材料相比, 有机热电材料具有资源丰富、 成本低、 质量轻、 柔韧性好及热导率低等优点, 成为热电研究领域关注的热点. 理论和实验结果表明, 低维化和小尺度化是热电材料研究和开发的发展方向. 本文对低维有机热电材料的合成、 器件组装及热电性质的影响因素等进行简要评述, 并对低维有机热电材料的研究方向进行了讨论.     

Studies on Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposite Gels Using Photoluminescence Techniques

Summary.  Transparent nanocomposite gels made of hybrid organic/inorganic polymers, synthesized through the sol-gel method, composed of poly-(ethylene oxide) or poly-(propylene oxide) chains, and grafted on silica through urea bridges, have been studied by steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence techniques. These nanocomposite materials consist of two distinguished subphases, an organic and an inorganic one. The volume fraction of the organic (polyether) subphase is larger than that of the inorganic (silica) subphase, and it increases with increasing polyether chain size. The condensation of the silica subphase provides luminescent entities emitting light by electron-hole recombination on delocalized states associated with the active chemical species of the urea bridges. Materials with smaller polyether chains are more luminescent than such with longer polyether chains. Divalent or trivalent cations introduced into these materials enhance the luminescence intensity by solubilization close to the silica cluster surface and thus by decreasing surface defects and the ensuing quenching mechanism. Received June 23, 2000. Accepted (revised) July 18, 2000     

Mesoporous Materials‐Based Electrochemical Sensors

A review (350 references) is given to the interest of mesoporous materials for designing electrochemical sensors. After a brief summary of the implication of template‐based ordered mesoporous materials in electrochemical science, the various types of inorganic and organic‐inorganic hybrid mesostructures used to date in electroanalysis and the corresponding electrode configurations are described. The various sensor applications are then discussed on the basis of comprehensive tables and some representative illustrations. The main detection schemes developed in the field are (volt)amperometric sensing subsequent to preconcentration and electrocatalytic detection.     

Fullerenes in Sol-Gel Materials

The family of fullerene molecules is composed of a large variety of compounds that have been synthesized following the discovery of C₆₀ in 1985. The chemistry of fullerenes, developed in these last years, has allowed designing the properties of this family of molecules for specific applications in materials science. One of the main tasks to build up solid state devices based on fullerenes is the synthesis of materials doped with a highly dispersed and homogeneous distribution of fullerenes. Many of the peculiar photophysical properties, such as the reverse saturable absorption used to obtain a solid state optical limiter, are in fact lost in the aggregates of fullerenes. Sol-gel processing allows preparing inorganic oxides and hybrid organic-inorganic materials at low temperatures and presents an interesting alternative to organic polymers to entrap molecules of the fullerene family in a solid matrix. Porous inorganic solids and aerogels are also important classes of materials that can be synthesized via sol-gel and can act as hosts of fullerenes. In the present article we have reviewed the main achievements of sol-gel processing of fullerene based nanocomposite materials.