Computational study on the existence of organic peroxy radical-water complexes (RO2.H2O)

The existence of a series of organic peroxy radical-water complexes [CH3O2.H2O (methyl peroxy); CH3CH2O2.H2O (ethyl peroxy); CH3C(O)O2.H2O (acetyl peroxy); CH3C(O)CH2O2.H2O (acetonyl peroxy); CH2(OH)O2.H2O (hydroxyl methyl peroxy); CH2(OH)CH2O2.H2O (2-hydroxy ethyl peroxy); CH2(F)O2.H2O (fluoro methyl peroxy); CH2(F)CH2O2.H2O (2-fluoro ethyl peroxy)] is evaluated using high level ab initio calculations. A wide range of binding energies is predicted for these complexes, in which the difference in binding energies can be explained by examination of the composition of the R group attached to the peroxy moiety. The general trend in binding energies has been determined to be as follows: fluorine approximately alkyl < carbonyl < alcohol. The weakest bound complex, CH3O2.H2O, is calculated to be bound by 2.3 kcal mol-1, and the strongest, the CH2(OH)O2.H2O complex, is bound by 5.1 kcal mol-1. The binding energy of the peroxy radical-water complexes which contain carbonyl and alcohol groups indicates that these complexes may perturb the kinetics and product branching ratios of reactions involving these complexes.     

有机-无机杂化化合物[Cu(μ-cbdca)(H2O)]n的电子结构及铁磁性

利用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理的FP_LAPW方法, 对以铜离子为磁性中心的化合物[Cu(μ-cbdca)(H2O)]n(cbdca=cyclobutanedicarboxylate)的电子结构及磁性质进行了计算. 对该材料的铁磁性、反铁磁性和非磁性三种状态下的总能量进行了计算. 计算结果表明, [Cu(μ-cbdca)(H2O)]n的铁磁态能量最低, 该化合物为稳定的铁磁性物质, 该结果与实验吻合较好. 对原子磁矩的计算结果发现, 铜原子对化合物磁性的贡献较大, 双齿配体上的氧原子和碳原子的贡献相对较小.     

有机-无机杂化化合物[Cu（μ-cbdca）（H2O）]n的电子结构及铁磁性

利用基于密度泛函理论(DVF)的第一性原理的FP_LAPW方法,对以铜离子为磁性中心的化合物[Cu(μ-cbdca)(H2O)]n(cbdca=cyclobutanedicarboxylate)的电子结构及磁性质进行了计算.对该材料的铁磁性、反铁磁性和非磁性三种状态下的总能量进行了计算.计算结果表明,[Cu(μ-cbdca)(H2O)]n的铁磁态能量最低,该化合物为稳定的铁磁性物质,该结果与实验吻合较好.对原子磁矩的计算结果发现,铜原子对化合物磁性的贡献较大,双齿配体上的氧原子和碳原子的贡献相对较小.     

Description of core excitations by time-dependent density functional theory with local density approximation, generalized gradient approximation, meta-generalized gradient approximation, and hybrid functionals

Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is employed to investigate exchange-correlation-functional dependence of the vertical core-excitation energies of several molecules including H, C, N, O, and F atoms. For the local density approximation (LDA), generalized gradient approximation (GGA), and meta-GGA, the calculated X1s-->pi* excitation energies (X = C, N, O, and F) are severely underestimated by more than 13 eV. On the other hand, time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) overestimates the excitation energies by more than 6 eV. The hybrid functionals perform better than pure TDDFT because HF exchange remedies the underestimation of pure TDDFT. Among these hybrid functionals, the Becke-Half-and-Half-Lee-Yang-Parr (BHHLYP) functional including 50% HF exchange provides the smallest error for core excitations. We have also discovered the systematic trend that the deviations of TDHF and TDDFT with the LDA, GGA, and meta-GGA functionals show a strong atom-dependence. Namely, their deviations become larger for heavier atoms, while the hybrid functionals are significantly less atom-dependent.     

CVRQD ab initio ground-state adiabatic potential energy surfaces for the water molecule

The high accuracy ab initio adiabatic potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the ground electronic state of the water molecule, determined originally by Polyansky et al. [Science 299, 539 (2003)] and called CVRQD, are extended and carefully characterized and analyzed. The CVRQD potential energy surfaces are obtained from extrapolation to the complete basis set of nearly full configuration interaction valence-only electronic structure computations, augmented by core, relativistic, quantum electrodynamics, and diagonal Born-Oppenheimer corrections. We also report ab initio calculations of several quantities characterizing the CVRQD PESs, including equilibrium and vibrationally averaged (0 K) structures, harmonic and anharmonic force fields, harmonic vibrational frequencies, vibrational fundamentals, and zero-point energies. They can be considered as the best ab initio estimates of these quantities available today. Results of first-principles computations on the rovibrational energy levels of several isotopologues of the water molecule are also presented, based on the CVRQD PESs and the use of variational nuclear motion calculations employing an exact kinetic energy operator given in orthogonal internal coordinates. The variational nuclear motion calculations also include a simplified treatment of nonadiabatic effects. This sophisticated procedure to compute rovibrational energy levels reproduces all the known rovibrational levels of the water isotopologues considered, H(2) (16)O, H(2) (17)O, H(2) (18)O, and D(2) (16)O, to better than 1 cm(-1) on average. Finally, prospects for further improvement of the ground-state adiabatic ab initio PESs of water are discussed.     

精密从头算与ABEEM/MM模型对水团簇(H2O)11 9种低能结构的计算

用精密从头算方法研究了(H2O)11的9种低能异构体的性质, 包括优化的几何结构、结合能、偶极矩和氢键个数等, 并且得出了515-a是(H2O)11的全局最低能结构. 同时, 也用ABEEM/MM(atom bond electronegativity equalization method/molecular mechanics) 模型研究了这些性质, 与从头算的结果进行了比较, 得到了相符合的结果. 这显示了ABEEM/MM模型在描述中等大小的水分子团簇结构上是成功的.     

O-H small middle dot small middle dot small middle dotPt(II): Hydrogen Bond with a Strong Dispersion Component

An MP2 ab initio study of the interaction between a H(2)O molecule and trans-[Pt(OH)(2)(NH(3))(2)] revealed a HO-H small middle dot small middle dot small middle dotPt(II) hydrogen bond (see picture) with a strong dispersion component (ca. 4 kcal mol(-1)). This dispersion interaction is independent of the charge on the complex and is likely to be ubiquitous in aqueous solutions of Pt(II) complexes.     

Gradient corrections in density functional theory calculations for surfaces: Co on Pd{110}

Ab initio total energy calculations have been performed for CO chemisorption on Pd{110}. Local density approximation (LDA) calculations yield chemisorption energies which are significantly higher than experimental values but inclusion of the generalised gradient approximation (GGA) gives better agreement. In general, sites with higher coordination of the adsorbate to surface atoms lead to a larger degree of overbinding with LDA, and give larger corrections with GGA. The reason is discussed using a first-order perturbation approximation. It is concluded that this may be a general failure of LDA for chemisorption energy calculations. This conclusion may be extended to many surface calculations, such as potential energy surfaces for diffusion.     

C?H Bond dissociation of acetylene: Local density functional calculations

The C? H bond dissociation energy of acetylene was computed by both ab initio approaches and density functional theory in a local density approximation (DFT–LDA ). Structures and energies for acetylene and its dissociation products (the ethynyl and hydrogen radicals) are presented and compared. Using directly computed HCCH and HCC· energies and the exact H· value, the DFT–LDA calculations are found to yield C? H dissociation energies ranging from 129 to 131 kcal/mol, in good agreement with recent experimental and the highest level theoretical results. The DFT–LDA results show little dependence upon the computational procedure used to obtain geometries.     

两个典型氧桥三核铁(Ⅲ)配合物[Fe3O(O2CCH2OC6H5)6(3H2O)]和[Fe3O(TIEO)2(O2CPh)2Cl3]的局域自旋和磁性质的理论探讨

用从头算波函数(UHF或UDFT波函数)代替ZILSH方法中的半经验波函数得到了ABLSH方法，接着用该方法研究了两个典型氧桥三核铁(Ⅲ)配合物[Fe₃O(O₂CCH₂OC₆H₅)₆(3H₂O)]和[Fe₃O(TIEO)₂(O₂CPh)₂Cl₃]的局域自旋和磁性质。通过计算得到的局域自旋结果和前人的具有可比性，同时所得的磁交换耦合常数和实验值很吻合。该方法可作为研究海森堡型磁性系统(HM)的新工具。     

Representation of Zn(II) complexes in polarizable molecular mechanics. Further refinements of the electrostatic and short-range contributions. Comparisons with parallel ab initio computations

We present refinements of the SIBFA molecular mechanics procedure to represent the intermolecular interaction energies of Zn(II). The two first-order contributions, electrostatic (E(MTP)), and short-range repulsion (E(rep)), are refined following the recent developments due to Piquemal et al. (Piquemal et al. J Phys Chem A 2003, 107, 9800; and Piquemal et al., submitted). Thus, E(MTP) is augmented with a penetration component, E(pen), which accounts for the effects of reduction in electronic density of a given molecular fragment sensed by another interacting fragment upon mutual overlap. E(pen) is fit in a limited number of selected Zn(II)-mono-ligated complexes so that the sum of E(MTP) and E(pen) reproduces the Coulomb contribution E(c) from an ab initio Hartree-Fock energy decomposition procedure. Denoting by S, the overlap matrix between localized orbitals on the interacting monomers, and by R, the distance between their centroids, E(rep) is expressed by a S(2)/R term now augmented with an S(2)/R(2) one. It is calibrated in selected monoligated Zn(II) complexes to fit the corresponding exchange repulsion E(exch) from ab initio energy decomposition, and no longer as previously the difference between (E(c) + E(exch)) and E(MTP). Along with the reformulation of the first-order contributions, a limited recalibration of the second-order contributions was carried out. As in our original formulation (Gresh, J Comput Chem 1995, 16, 856), the Zn(II) parameters for each energy contribution were calibrated to reproduce the radial behavior of its ab initio HF counterpart in monoligated complexes with N, O, and S ligands. The SIBFA procedure was subsequently validated by comparisons with parallel ab initio computations on several Zn(II) polyligated complexes, including binuclear Zn(II) complexes as in models for the Gal4 and beta-lactamase metalloproteins. The largest relative error with respect to the RVS computations is 3%, and the ordering in relative energies of competing structures reproduced even though the absolute numerical values of the ab initio interaction energies can be as large as 1220 kcal/mol. A term-to-term identification of the SIBFA contributions to their ab initio counterparts remained possible even for the largest sized complexes.     

The determination of intrinsic reaction coordinates by density functional theory

The first implementation of the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC ) method within the density functional theory (DFT ) framework is presented. The implementation has been applied to four different types of chemical reactions represented by the isomerization process, HCN ? HNC (A); the S_N2 process, H^? + CH₄ ? CH₄ + H^? (B); the exchange process, H˙ + HX ? HX + H˙ (X ? F,Cl) (C); and the elimination process, C₂H₅Cl ? C₂H₄ + HCl (D). The present study presents for each process optimized structures and calculated harmonic vibrational frequencies for the reactant(s), the transition state, and the product(s) along with the IRC path connecting the stationary points. The calculations were carried out within the local density approximation (LDA ) as well as the LDA/NL scheme where the LDA energy expression is augmented by Perdew's and Becke's nonlocal (NL ) corrections. The LDA and LDA/NL results are compared with each other as well as the best available ab initio calculations and experimental data. For reaction (D), ab initio calculations based on MP 2 geometries and MP 4SDTQ energies have been added due to the lack of accurate published post-HF calculations on this process. A detailed discussion is provided on the efficiency of the IRC algorithms, the relative accuracy of the DFT and ab initio schemes, as well as the reaction mechanisms of the four reactions. It is concluded that the LDA/NL scheme affords the same accuracy as does the MP 4 method. The post-HF methods seem to overestimate activation energies, whereas the corresponding LDA/NL estimates are too low. The LDA activation energies are even lower than the LDA/NL counterparts. The incorporation of the IRC method into the DFT framework provides a promising and reliable tool for probing the chemical reaction path on the potential energy surfaces, even for large-size systems. IRC calculations by ab initio methods of an accuracy similar to the LDA/NL scheme, such as the MP 4 scheme, are not feasible. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Relative energy of the high-(5T2g) and low-(1A1g) spin states of [Fe(H2O)6]2+, [Fe(NH3)6]2+, and [Fe(bpy)3]2+: CASPT2 versus density functional theory

High-level ab initio calculations using the CASPT2 method and extensive basis sets were performed on the energy differences of the high-[(5)T(2g):t(2g) (4)e(g) (2)] and low-[(1)A(1g):t(2g) (6)] spin states of the pseudo-octahedral Fe(II) complexes [Fe(H(2)O)(6)](2+), [Fe(NH(3))(6)](2+), and [Fe(bpy)(3)](2+). The results are compared to the results obtained from density functional theory calculations with the generalized gradient approximation functional BP86 and two hybrid functionals B3LYP and PBE0, and serve as a calibration for the latter methods. We find that large basis set CASPT2 calculations may provide results for the high-spin/low-spin splitting DeltaE(HL) that are accurate to within 1000 cm(-1), provided they are based on an adequately large CAS[10,12] reference wave function. The latter condition was found to be much more stringent for [Fe(bpy)(3)](2+) than for the other two complexes. Our "best" results for DeltaE(HL) (including a zero-point energy correction) are -17 690 cm(-1) for [Fe(H(2)O)(6)](2+), -8389 cm(-1) for [Fe(NH(3))(6)](2+), and 3820 cm(-1) for [Fe(bpy)(3)](2+).     

From strong van der Waals complexes to hydrogen bonding: From CO⋯H2O to CS⋯H2O and SiO⋯H2O complexes

Structures and interaction energies of complexes valence isoelectronic to the important CO?H(2)O complex, namely SiO?H(2)O and CS?H(2)O, have been studied for the first time using high-level ab initio methods. Although CO, SiO, and CS are valence isoelectronic, the structures of their complexes with water differ significantly, owing partially to their widely varied dipole moments. The predicted dissociation energies D(0) are 1.8 (CO?H(2)O), 2.7 (CS?H(2)O), and 4.9 (SiO?H(2)O) kcal∕mol. The implications of these results have been examined in light of the dipole moments of the separate moieties and current concepts of hydrogen bonding. It is hoped that the present results will spark additional interest in these complexes and in the general non-covalent paradigms they represent.     

Inverse hydrogen bonds between XeH2 and hydride and fluoride derivatives of Li, Be, Na and Mg

A theoretical study of the inverse hydrogen bonds complexes formed by the XeH₂ molecule and hydride and fluoride derivatives of Li, Be, Na and Mg has been carried out by means of DFT (B3LYP/DGDZVP) and ab initio [MP2/DGDZVP and MP2/LJ18/6-311++G(2d,2p)] calculations. The complexes obtained present interaction energies up to ?81 kJ/mol. The analysis of the electron density shows electron transfer from the XeH₂ to the electron acceptor molecules. The calculated absolute chemical shieldings show the high sensitivity of the xenon atom upon complexation.     

Theoretical investigation of the dihydrogen bond linking MH2 with HCCRgF (M = Zn, Cd; Rg = Ar, Kr)

An ab initio computational study of the properties of four linear dihydrogen-bonded complexes pairing MH2 (M = Zn, Cd) with HCCRgF (Rg = Ar, Kr) was undertaken at the MP2/DGDZVP level of theory. The calculated complexation energies of the linear complexes vary between 6.5 kJ/mol for M = Zn to 8.5 kJ/mol for M = Cd. Equilibrium interatomic H...H distances are roughly 2.07 A for all four complexes. The red shifts of the H-C stretching frequency of HCCRgF correlate nicely with the interaction energies.     

Atom-atom partitioning of total (super)molecular energy: the hidden terms of classical force fields

Classical force fields describe the interaction between atoms that are bonded or nonbonded via simple potential energy expressions. Their parameters are often determined by fitting to ab initio energies and electrostatic potentials. A direct quantum chemical guide to constructing a force field would be the atom-atom partitioning of the energy of molecules and van der Waals complexes relevant to the force field. The authors used the theory of quantum chemical topology to partition the energy of five systems [H2, CO, H2O, (H2O)2, and (HF)2] in terms of kinetic, Coulomb, and exchange intra-atomic and interatomic contributions. The authors monitored the variation of these contributions with changing bond length or angle. Current force fields focus only on interatomic interaction energies and assume that these purely potential energy terms are the only ones that govern structure and dynamics in atomistic simulations. Here the authors highlight the importance of self-energy terms (kinetic and intra-atomic Coulomb and exchange).