一氧化氮的合成的演示及其方法的讨论

一、反应原理在放电条件下,N2和O2能直接化合生成无色的一氧化氮。放电N2+O2（?）2NO一氧化氮在常温下很容易和O2化合,生成棕色并有刺激性气味的NO2。二、仪器及药品打气球、贮气瓶2个（一个标出刻度）、两口玻璃球（容积140ml）、铁架台、铁丝电。     

伟大的门捷列夫的预见

今年2月8日是俄罗斯天才的化学家门捷列夫(1834—1907)诞生125周年纪念。特选此译文刊出以为纪念。     

氨的制造的教学法

苏联共产党第十九次代表大会的决议指示出化学教师应该提高关于综合技术教育的教学质量,更密切地联系学习与生活,使学生认识重要化学生产的科学原理。氨的制造是属于重要化学生产之列的。研究氨的制造是具有重要的教育教养意义。这课题的材料,可以提供作复习和更深入地去认识以前所熟悉的物质的性质和扩大瞭解关于反应进行的条件,以及在工业上的管理方法.在八年级末学期已经学过硫酸的制造,从而熟悉了一些化学工业制造原理,如阶段的划分和流水作业的装置,扩大反应物质的表面,逆流原理,温度和压力的影响,热的交换等等,在研究氨的制造中巩固了这些原理,并且增加了关于适当的压力和循环作业的利用等概念。     

基于Matlab的二元共聚合反应的竞聚率的求解

以直线交叉法为依据,根据最小二乘原理,采用Matlab GUI工具设计了一款用于计算二元共聚合反应竞聚率的图形用户程序。与传统的求解竞聚率方法相比,该图形用户程序具有设计原理简单、计算快捷的特点;同时程序提供界面简洁、交互友好的数据输入平台,实用性强。实际应用表明:采用该款图形用户程序所测得的数据与微机动态搜索法、Tidwell-Mortimer法相近,而比采用斜率截距法计算竞聚率的最小差方和更小,并且也避免了采用斜率截距法由于所用方程的非对称性造成的计算结果的不一致性。     

有机试剂的结构与性质的关系的研究

前言有机试剂是用于化学元素和化合物的测定、分离与浓集、掩蔽的有机化合物。这类化合物数量很多,在分析化学中得到极其广泛的应用。有机试剂结构及其与反应性能之间关系的研究是有机试剂理论研究的基本问题。早在本世纪二十年代Feigl就提出了分析功能团的概念。这个概念广泛地应用于有机试剂的研究中,并不断得到丰富和发展。这一概念的出现,为人们研究有机试剂结构与反应性能的关系奠定了基础。随着现代科学技术的不断发展,X射线衍射、红外光谱、拉曼光谱等现代技术也相继用于有机试剂的研究,使人们对有机试剂的认识进一步加深。此外近代迅速发展起来的络合物结构理论、量子化学方法以及计算技术也被用于有机试剂的研究中,从而使得从理论上     

对公认的Clapeyron方程的推导的不同意见

对公认的Ｃｌａｐｅｙｒｏｎ方程的推导的不同意见郭余年，赵凤云（吉林工学院轻化工程系长春１３００１２）Ｃｌａｐｅｙｒｏｎ方程问世干热力学第二定律成立之前。第二定律建立以后，赋予了它以新的内容，使其成为描述单元系任意温度（压力）、任意两相平衡的普遍公式。...     

基于环糊精的新材料的研究进展

从纳米粒子、水凝胶、纤维材料和环糊精高分子等方面介绍了近年来以环糊精为基础研制的新材料的研究进展。目前以环糊精为基础的纳米粒子材料有核壳结构的纳米粒子、环糊精的化学接枝与共聚、环糊精与无机非金属材料的复合和含环糊精的囊泡材料;以环糊精为基础的凝胶材料有水凝胶和有机凝胶两种材料;此外还有以环糊精为基础的纤维材料、环糊精高...     

基于压力的速率方程的应用

通过具体实例说明对于气相反应,使用基于压力的速率方程解题比使用基于浓度的速率方程更直接﹑更简便。总结了具有简单级数的反应的基于压力的速率方程及其特征。     

关於氨的燃烧的问题

(一)上海卫生干部学校曹存启同志,对本报1954年10月号“中学化学课本里的几个演示实验”文内,有关氨燃烧实验提出改进,他指出:该文的插图存在一些问题:加氧发生器的试管口向上和铁夹夹在试管中央的位置,都是值得研究的。(试管口应向下倾斜,铁夹应夹在试管上部的三分之—,不可夹在试管的中央。) 作这个实验时,便发现氨在氧中燃烧易使玻璃筒发生破裂便改变了装置来克服这个困难,操作如下: 仪器装置如图,在125毫升的圆底烧瓶中,盛     

谷甾醇的新型聚合物的合成

近年来,用于生物和医药领域的新材料研究有了很大的发展,如药物释放、缝合、血液渗析和血液灌注等[1,2],但由于这些材料多为用纯化学合成原料来制备的高分子材料,其在生物相容性方面有一定的局限性.为了克服这一缺点,以天然产物为原料,制备新的生物和医药领域的功能材料,将会成为一种十分诱人的研究方向.目前,这方面的研究除了一些胆酸的衍生物的研究报道外,还鲜有人进行含天然产物的生物和医用功能有机材料的研究.因此,我们尝试制备了以植物中常见的高含量甾醇类化合物β-谷甾醇为前体的新的聚合物.我们利用β-谷甾醇C3位OH合成了可进一步进行聚合反应的新单体,然后通过自由基聚合反应制备了β-谷甾醇的均聚和共聚衍生物.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。