异核双金属有机化合物的合成方法与反应性能研究

本文对近年来异核双金属有机化学的发展作了简要的介绍和回顾, 文中对含金属-金属键和不含金属-金属键的d/d和d/f异核双金属有机化合物的合成方法及反应性能作了归纳。     

异核多金属N-杂环卡宾化合物的合成及应用

以N-杂环卡宾为配体的异核多金属化合物的合成、物理化学性质以及应用取得了很大的发展,尤其在多步串联催化反应方面显示出了优越的催化活性。本文根据构建异核多金属的配体种类,对异核多金属N-杂环卡宾化合物的合成及其应用进行了分类总结,并对异核多金属N-杂环卡宾化合物未来的研究前景进行了展望。     

超临界流体色谱在金属络合物和金属有机化合物中的分析应用

超临界流体色谱（SFC）在色谱分离过程中能在较低的温度下分析对热不稳定性的化合物,包括金属络合物和金属有机化合物。本文总结了近来文献报道的各种过渡金属、重金属、镧系和锕系以及铅、汞和锡的金属有机化合物的SFC分离,还讨论了SFC检测系统和金属有机化合物的溶解度的测定。     

锕系端基亚胺金属有机化合物研究进展

在过去的30多年中,锕系端基亚胺金属有机化合物因其具有独特的结构特征以及在基团转换与催化方面的潜在应用而受到人们的广泛研究,并取得了一些很好的成果.目前,锕系端基亚胺金属有机化合物已成为金属有机化学领域中一个引人注目的研究热点.这篇综述主要介绍了锕系端基亚胺金属有机化合物在合成及反应性能方面的研究进展.     

末端炔烃二聚反应合成共轭烯炔的研究进展

综述了不同催化体系催化末端炔烃二聚反应合成共轭烯炔化合物的研究进展. 其中催化体系主要包括过渡金属配合物、镧系和锕系金属配合物、第三主族元素配合物以及有机催化剂. 实验结果表明: 不同催化体系对末端炔烃二聚反应的选择性控制有影响, 尤其是区域选择性(头-头二聚或头-尾二聚).     

典型锕系超分子组装体的构筑原理及研究进展

锕系超分子化学是锕系元素化学的重要研究领域,可以为乏燃料后处理的配位化学基础研究提供重要信息,并为探索锕系功能材料在发光、传感、催化和分离等方面的功能应用提供关键材料体系。本文介绍了基于锕系金属离子的金属-有机超分子组装体这一新兴领域的最新研究进展。从锕系超分子组装体的构筑原理出发并结合笔者自身研究情况,对基于主客体准轮烷配体的锕系-轮烷配位聚合物、具有闭合结构的锕系配位组装体和基于超分子相互作用的锕系超分子聚合物这三类典型的锕系超分子组装体的研究进展进行了梳理和总结阐述。期望为未来新型锕系超分子组装体的设计合成提供参考,促进相关领域的进步和发展。     

锕系多重键金属有机化合物研究进展

多重键金属有机化合物在多种催化反应中已经得到广泛的应用, 并取得了很好的研究成果. 目前, 多重键金属有机化合物的研究已成为催化化学领域中一个引人注目的研究热点. 综述了锕系多重键金属有机化合物的研究进展. 根据化合物多重键的不同, 分别讨论了它们的合成及反应性能, 并定性讨论了多重键的性质.     

异戊烯金属有机化合物与羰基化合物加成的区域选择性研究进展

异戊烯金属有机化合物与羰基化合物加成反应是合成含α-羟基异戊烯结构单元的天然化合物最简便的方法,但该反应通常生成α-加成和γ-加成两种异构体。不同金属对反应的区域选择性有很大影响。本文综述了异戊烯金属有机化合物与羰基化合物加成反应的区域选择性及其在天然产物合成中的应用。     

锕系化合物荧光光谱理论研究进展

本文对锕系化合物荧光光谱的实验研究进行了系统总结,并在此基础上重点介绍了锕酰(actinyl)化合物的电子结构以及荧光光谱模拟的原理。结合我们关于铀酰-甘氨酸水合物结构、稳定性和荧光光谱模拟的研究工作,本文对锕系化合物荧光光谱理论研究的现状、理论方法和计算结果进行了综述。铀酰配合物中O-U-O单元的对称伸缩振动决定了其荧光特征,通过理论研究,结合计算化学模拟,可以解释铀酰-甘氨酸水溶液中振动分辨的实验光谱图,并阐明热带(hot band)峰强度异常高的成因。上述研究结果表明,现代计算化学和实验技术相结合,能够用于深入地分析锕系化合物的结构、光谱和性质,包括溶剂配位层、生物配体的配位结构、热力学和能量和荧光光谱等。     

异核金属羰基簇

近十年来,异核金属羰基簇(heteronuclear metal carbonyl clusters或mixed-metal carbanyl dusters,以下简称异核簇)有了很大的进展。这不仅是由于异核簇的合成在结构化学上的意义,而且它在以下三个方面对催化研究有其特殊的作用。其一,异核簇可作为研究双金属或多金属多相催化剂表面的模型,推动对合金催化剂认识的深化;其二,利用异核簇可制备出具有     

Heavy Metal Concentrations in Water,Sediment and Fish from Izmit Bay,Turkey

Abstract

Mercury, cadmium and lead levels in water, sediment and fish samples from Izmit Bay, Turkey have been determined. Sampling and analysis methods are described. Variations of heavy metal concentrations from different sampling stations are discussed. Results indicate that the levels of mercury and cadmium were highest in the vicinity of a chlor-alkali plant while the highest concentration of lead was near a metallic pipe factory. The amounts of heavy metals found in the shoreline sediment samples were similar to those found in fish species from the bay.     

Complexation of common metal cations by cyanins: Binding affinity and molecular structure

The ability of diverse metal cations to form complexes with cyanin has been investigated by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) and the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM). The strongest preference is shown by trivalent metals which exceed that of Mg(II), indicating that ion replacement processes are suitable detoxification mechanisms for plants. Molecular structure analysis indicates that the larger the metal affinity of Cy⁻ the longer the C2-C1’ bond length and smaller ρ_b value. This is understood as upon metal complexation the Cy⁻ ligand molecular structure is more compatible with a dienolate-like structure rather than the 4′-keto-quinoidal-like structure. The weight of the former increases as stronger the binding. QTAIM charges indicate that the stronger the binding energy the larger the charge transfer from Cy⁻ to the metal, reducing its positive charge below the values indicated by the corresponding Lewis structure.     

SmartMetals: a new method for metal identification based on fuzzy logic

This paper presents a method of searching, identifying and cross‐referencing metal alloys based on their chemical composition and/or mechanical properties, typically obtained by analysis and tests. The method uses a general pattern similar to the approach of a human expert, and relies on a classification of metals based on metallurgical expertise and fuzzy logic for identifying metals and comparing their chemical and mechanical properties. The algorithm has been tested and deployed in real applications for fast metal identification and finding of unknown equivalents, by the leading companies in the field. The same principles can also be used in other domains for similar problems, such as organic and inorganic materials identification and generic drugs comparison. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spectral and thermal studies on new hydrazinium metal sulfite dihydrates

Some new hydrazinium transition metal sulfite dihydrate complexes of the formula (N₂H₅)₂M(SO₃)₂(H₂O)₂ where M=Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn have been prepared and characterized by hydrazine and metal analyses, magnetic studies, electronic and infrared spectra and thermal analysis. The magnetic studies coupled with electronic spectra of iron, cobalt, nickel and copper complexes indicate their high spin octahedral nature. However the zinc complex is diamagnetic and show only the charge transfer transition. The infrared spectra shows that both the hydrazinium ions are coordinated to the metal ions, the sulfite ions are present as bidentate ligand. The simultaneous TG-DTA of these complexes were investigated in air and nitrogen atmospheres. In air, cobalt, nickel and zinc complexes give respective metal sulfate as the final residue while iron and copper complexes give the mixture of respective metal oxide and sulfate as the decomposition product. In nitrogen atmosphere respective metal sulfites are formed as the end residue.     

Dynamic PdII/CuI Multimetallic Assemblies as Molecular Models to Study Metal–Metal Cooperation in Sonogashira Coupling

Cooperation between two different metals plays a crucial role in many synergistic catalytic reactions, such as the Sonogashira C−C cross-coupling reaction, where an interaction between the Pd and Cu centers is proposed in the transmetalation step. Although several heterobimetallic Pd/Cu complexes were proposed as structural models of the active species in Sonogashira coupling, the detailed understanding of the metal–metal cooperation in transmetalation is still lacking in current systems. In this work, we report a stepwise and systematic approach to building heteromultimetallic Pd/Cu assemblies as a tool to study metal–metal cooperativity. We obtained fully characterized Pd/Cu multimetallic assemblies that show reactivity in alkyne activation, formation of catalytically relevant aryl/acetylide species, and C−C elimination, serving as functional models for Sonogashira reaction intermediates. The combined experimental and DFT studies highlight the importance of ligand-controlled coordination geometry, metal–metal distances and dynamics of the multimetallic assembly for transmetalation step.     

Methane conversion by various metal, metal oxide and metal carbide catalysts

The progress in the field of methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons including aromatics and oxygenated compounds in the recent five years will be reviewed shortly, together with a new type of the methane conversion reaction with carbon monoxide at lower temperatures (600–700 K) by supported group VIII metal catalysts. Benzene was formed selectively among hydrocarbons in the CH₄–CO reaction over silica-supported Rh, Ru, Pd and Os catalysts under atmospheric pressure. Both CH₄ and CO were required for benzene formation, and only ethane and ethylene were formed besides benzene. The amount of C₃–C₅ hydrocarbons was negligible, which suggests that a completely different mechanism from the CO–H₂ reaction may be operating over these catalysts despite of the similarity in the reaction conditions with the CO–H₂ reaction. The mechanism of benzene formation was studied deeply by means of kinetical investigation as well as infrared spectroscopy and isotopic tracer method in connection with that of CO hydrogenation.     

New hydrazinium lanthanide sulphite hydrates

Some new hydrazinium lanthanide sulphite hydrates of the formula N₂H₅Ln(SO₃)₂(H₂O)₂ where Ln=La, Pr, Nd and Sm and N₂H₅Ce(SO₃)₂ have been prepared and characterized by chemical analyses, magnetic studies and electronic and infrared spectroscopy. Thermal degradation of these complexes has been investigated by simultaneous TG-DTA techniques. These complexes decompose in air after dehydration to give the respective lanthanide sulphate as the final residue. However, cerium complex gives a mixture of cerium sulphate and ceric oxide as the end products. Cerium and neodymium complexes have also been subjected to thermal degradation in nitrogen atmosphere and the dehydration of neodymium complex was observed at a higher temperature than in air. The anhydrous neodymium and cerium complexes decompose in one step to give the respective sulphate in nitrogen atmosphere.     

Theoretical study of the first transition row oxides and sulfides

Summary The first transition row oxides and sulfides are studied using several different levels of theory. The calculations show the bonding mechanism in the sulfides and oxides to be very similar. For the oxides, accurate experimental data allow the theoretical methods to be calibrated. The same level of theory is used to study the sulfides where there is far less experimental information. For ScO through MnO and CuO the coupled cluster singles and doubles technique including a perturbational estimate of the connected triple excitations [CCSD(T)] yields spectroscopic constants (_e, _e, andD ₀) in good agreement with experiment. The triple excitations are found to be very important in achieving this accuracy. For FeO to NiO, the self-consistent-field (SCF) approach yields orbitals that are localized on the metal or oxygen. This appears to cause problems for the single reference techniques; this is discussed in detail for NiO. The complete-active-space SCF/internally contracted averaged coupled pair functional approach (CASSCF/ICACPF) works well for FeO to NiO. The calculation of accurate dipole moments is found to be very difficult.     

A novel method for making ultra-fine metal fibers and particles

A novel method based on plastic processing and equipment for preparing ultra-fine metal fibers and particles is reported. With this new method, metal fibers and particles can both be produced on the same equipment and the surfaces of the fibers and particles can be protected from oxidation by the polymers or solvents during the preparation process. Metal-alloy powders with lower melt point were filled into polymer by an extruder, followed by a die-drawing process at a temperature lower than the melt temperature of the metal alloy. Metal fibers or particles were obtained after the polymer matrix was washed away. Metal alloy fibers can be obtained when a polymer that strongly interacts with metal alloy, such as a special polyvinyl alcohol with a low alcoholysis degree, is used as the polymer matrix. Metal-alloy particles can be obtained when a polymer with weak interaction with metal alloy, such as polyethylene (PE), is used as the polymer matrix. Based on the principle of this new method, it is possible to produce finer or even nano-sized metal fibers and particles with higher melting points.     

热电池正极材料的研究进展

热电池是一种热激活贮备式电池,由于其优良的贮存稳定性、放电可靠性等特点,广泛应用于多种军用武器的内部电源。为了满足当前不同军用武器装备的需求,热电池的发展趋于在提高电化学性能的同时实现小型化、微型化。热电池电化学性能的提高主要取决于正极材料的发展,目前对现有正极材料的优化改性和新型正极材料的开发是提高热电池性能的主要方法。本文从合成和改性方法的角度综述了近年来硫化物、氯化物、氟化物热电池正极材料的研究进展,并对其材料特性和放电性能进行了综合评估。最后,基于热电池特殊的应用场景,从热稳定性、放电电压、电导率等方面对热电池正极材料未来的发展方向进行了总结与展望。