镍系催化剂选择性催化乙烯二聚研究进展

1-丁烯和2-丁烯是重要的有机合成原料,可以通过金属催化剂选择性催化乙烯二聚合成丁烯.乙烯选择性二聚合成丁烯的催化剂通常有镍催化体系、钒催化体系、钨催化体系、铁或钴催化体系、钽催化体系以及钛催化体系等.近年来镍系催化剂催化乙烯选择性二聚取得了很大的进展,本论文对近年来镍系催化剂催化乙烯选择性二聚进行了综述.主要概述了[...     

硅卡宾铁(0)氮气配合物催化的炔烃选择性硼氢化反应

硅卡宾(R2Si?, silylene)是卡宾的相似体,可以作为配体与金属形成配合物.由于硅的原子半径比碳大,硅卡宾可与Lewis碱配位形成三配位甚至四配位的化合物同时保持很强的配位能力.因此,硅卡宾兼具卡宾和膦配体的结构特征,在稳定新颖的金属配合物及均相催化领域或具有更大的调控空间.本工作报道硅卡宾铁氮气配合物[Ph C(t-Bu N)2Si CH2C(t-Bu)NAr]FeN2(D,Ar=2,6-(i-Pr)2C6H3)催化的炔烃的选择性硼氢化反应.研究发现,该配合物对炔烃的硼氢化反应具有很好的区域及立体选择性,主要生成E式构型产物并表现出很好的官能团耐受性.该研究表明,硅卡宾对过渡金属催化具有很好的调控作用,具有很好的研究潜力.     

均相催化活化杂原子-碳(E-C)键及其与炔烃的加成反应

系统总结了Ni、Pd、Pt、Rh、Cu等过渡金属配合物催化活化Si-C、Sn-C、S-C、Se-C、Cl-C、Br-C等杂原子-碳键及其与炔烃的加成反应.这些新型的炔烃加成反应提供了合成含R3Si、R3Sn、RS、RSe、Cl和Br等活性官能团烯烃化合物的原子经济型一步合成方法.同时加成反应体系具有很高的立体选择性和区域选择性.     

无过渡金属参与的炔烃环化反应研究进展

利用炔烃的选择性环化反应来构建碳(杂)环化合物已经取得了令人瞩目的研究成果.如何实现此类环化反应的高选择性是极其重要的,而邻位基团参与的炔烃选择性环化是非常有效的策略.基于邻位基团参与的无过渡金属催化体系下,就不同的邻位基团参与的炔烃环化反应研究进展进行简要综述.     

Cp2TiCl2/助催化剂体系催化异戊二烯齐聚反应的研究

过渡金属催化剂催化异戊二烯齐聚反应, 因其重要的应用背景及学术研究价值而受到人们的关注. 其中研究得最多的是镍催化体系, 采用不同的镍催化体系可以选择性地得到各种线性或环状的二聚物或齐聚物[1,2].     

二氧化硅负载的聚-4-硫杂-6-二苯膦己基硅氧烷钯(0)配合物的合成与催化性能

聚-4-硫杂-6-二苯膦己基硅氧烷与氯化钯作用后经水合肼还原,合成了二氧化硅负载的硫-膦混合双齿钯(0)配合物.该配合物可以有效地催化芳(烯)基卤化物与烯烃、炔烃、Grignard试剂的交叉偶联反应,并可回收多次利用,活性基本不变.     

碘化亚铜/亚磷酸三乙酯催化碘代芳烃和末端炔烃的偶联反应

以廉价的亚磷酸三乙酯为配体,首次用于Cu催化的碘代芳烃和末端炔烃的偶联反应,考察了不同Cu盐、金属纯度、碱和催化剂用量等条件对反应性能的影响.结果表明,当以高纯度的CuI (99.999％)为铜源,催化剂用量为5mol％时,在KOH作用下,该催化体系成功催化了一系列碘代芳烃和末端炔烃的反应,表现出良好的催化活性,此外,...     

硅卡宾铁(0)氮气配合物催化的炔烃选择性硼氢化反应

硅卡宾（R₂Si：,silylene）是卡宾的相似体,可以作为配体与金属形成配合物.由于硅的原子半径比碳大,硅卡宾可与Lewis碱配位形成三配位甚至四配位的化合物同时保持很强的配位能力.因此,硅卡宾兼具卡宾和膦配体的结构特征,在稳定新颖的金属配合物及均相催化领域或具有更大的调控空间.本工作报道硅卡宾铁氮气配合物[PhC （t-BuN）₂SiCH₂C （t-Bu） NAr]FeN₂（D,Ar＝2,6-（i-Pr）₂C₆H₃）催化的炔烃的选择性硼氢化反应.研究发现,该配合物对炔烃的硼氢化反应具有很好的区域及立体选择性,主要生成E式构型产物并表现出很好的官能团耐受性.该研究表明,硅卡宾对过渡金属催化具有很好的调控作用,具有很好的研究潜力.     

金催化的吲哚与末端炔烃的分子间烷基化反应

尝试了用金(Au)催化吲哚和炔烃的Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应, 具体探讨了金(I)配合物催化吲哚与末端炔烃的烷基化反应的条件, 并制备了一系列尚未见文献报道的双取代β-吲哚烷基化衍生物. 产物的结构经1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS和元素分析确证. 并对其反应机理可能性进行了推测.     

二氧化硅负载聚-γ-(二苯胂基)丙基硅氧烷钯(0)配合物的合成与催化卤代芳烃的偶联反应

聚 γ 氯丙基硅氧烷依次与二苯胂钾、氯化钯作用 ,再经水合肼还原 ,合成了二氧化硅负载的聚 γ (二苯胂基 )丙基硅氧烷钯 (0 )配合物 .该钯 (0 )配合物可有效地催化芳基卤化物与烯烃、炔烃、Grignard试剂之间的交叉偶联反应 ,并且可以回收再用多次 ,其活性基本保持不变 .     

Pericyclic reactions involving catalytic metal-vinylidene complexes

The formation of complex polycyclic systems from terminal alkynes based on the concept of pericyclic reactions of catalytic metal-vinylidenes is presented. Metal-vinylidenes, easily formed from terminal alkynes with catalytic amounts of several metal complexes, can be used in electrocyclizations, cycloadditions or sigmatropic rearrangements to afford valuable compounds.     

Dinuclear gold(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: Synthesis,characterization, and catalytic application for hydrohydrazidation of terminal alkynes

Dinuclear gold(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes were developed for the hydrohydrazidation of terminal alkynes. The gold(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes 2a-2b were synthesized in good yields from silver complexes synthesized in situ, which in turn were obtained from the corresponding imidazolium salts with Ag₂O in dichloromethane as a solvent. The new air-stable gold(I)-NHC complexes, 2a - 2b, were characterized using NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, infrared, and mass spectroscopy studies. The gold(I) complex 2a was characterized using X-ray crystallography. Bis-N-heterocyclic carbene–based gold(I) complexes 2a - 2b exhibited excellent catalytic activities for hydrohydrazidation of terminal alkynes yielding acylhydrazone derivatives. The working catalytic system can be used in gram-scale synthesis. In addition, the catalytic reaction mechanism of the hydrohydrazidation of terminal alkynes by gold(I)-NHC complex was studied in detail using density functional theory.     

Remarkable ligand effect in Ni- and Pd-catalyzed bisthiolation and bisselenation of terminal alkynes: solving the problem of stereoselective dialkyldichalcogenide addition to the C triple chemical bond C Bond

We have developed two new catalytic systems based on Ni and Pd complexes to solve the challenging problem of dialkyldichalcogenide (Alk2E2; E=S, Se) addition to alkynes. A comparative study of two catalytic systems-Ni/PMe2Ph and Pd/PCy2Ph-has revealed that the Ni catalyst is superior with respect to high catalytic activity and more general scope relative to the Pd system. A novel synthetic methodology was developed for the preparation of (Z)-bis(alkylthio)alkenes and (Z)-bis(alkylseleno)alkenes from terminal alkynes with excellent stereoselectivity and high yields.     

Au(Ⅰ)配合物催化剂室温高效催化炔烃水合反应

合成了一系列(1,1'-联苯)-2-二(1-金刚烷基)磷配体, 并制备出8种相应的Au(Ⅰ)配合物. 以甲醇为溶剂, 在6-十二炔水合反应中考察了8种Au(Ⅰ)配合物的催化性能, 结果表明, 以含有3'-(吡咯-1-羰基)官能团的Au(Ⅰ)配合物为催化剂时, 其用量仅需炔烃用量的0.1%~0.3%(摩尔分数), 室温下即可高效地催化炔烃进行水合反应.     

Recent advances in organothorium and organouranium catalysis

In this critical review we summarize the latest results obtained during the last decade concerning the catalytic activities of organoactinide complexes. We begin with a brief summary of the synthesis and characterization of uranium and thorium complexes that later will be used as catalysts for demanding chemical transformations. Hydroamination, hydrosilylation of terminal alkynes, coupling of terminal alkynes with isonitriles, catalytic reduction of azides and hydrazines, ring opening polymerization of cyclic esters and polymerization of alpha-olefins are covered in this review (118 references). The topics covered in this review regarding organoactinide chemistry will be of interest to inorganic, organic and organometallic chemists, material and catalytic scientists due to its unique mode of activation as compared to late transition-metals. In addition, the field of organoactinide complexes in catalysis is steadily growing, because of the complementary reactivity of organoactinides as compared to other early or late transition complexes, in demanding chemical transformations.     

Highly chemo- and regioselective intermolecular cyclotrimerization of alkynes catalyzed by cationic rhodium(I)/modified BINAP complexes

[reaction: see text] Cationic rhodium(I)/modified BINAP complexes are effective catalysts for highly regioselective intermolecular cyclotrimerization of terminal alkynes and highly chemo- and regioselective intermolecular cocyclotrimerization of diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DEAD) and terminal alkynes. It is a noteworthy example of intermolecular cocyclotrimerization of two different alkynes in terms of catalytic activity, chemo- and regioselectivity, scope of substrates, and ease of operation. The wide applicability of this new cocyclotrimerization procedure is demonstrated in the one-step synthesis of [6]metacyclophane.     

Synthesis of bis(indolyl)alkanes by a site-selective gold-catalyzed addition of indoles to butynol derivatives

A new site-selective hydroarylation reaction of alkynes catalyzed by gold complexes and directed by an internal hydroxyl group has been developed. Thus, the treatment of 3-butyn-1-ol derivatives with indoles and a catalytic amount of an in situ formed cationic gold complex leads to the formation of bis(indolyl)alkane derivatives. Particularly interesting is the reaction with terminal alkynes as the double addition of the indol occurs at the terminal carbon of the triple bond. The reaction conditions are very mild and the final bis(indolyl)alkanes are obtained in high yields.     

Ruthenium-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition: scope and mechanism

The catalytic activity of a series of ruthenium(II) complexes in azide-alkyne cycloadditions has been evaluated. The [Cp*RuCl] complexes, such as Cp*RuCl(PPh 3) 2, Cp*RuCl(COD), and Cp*RuCl(NBD), were among the most effective catalysts. In the presence of catalytic Cp*RuCl(PPh 3) 2 or Cp*RuCl(COD), primary and secondary azides react with a broad range of terminal alkynes containing a range of functionalities selectively producing 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles; tertiary azides were significantly less reactive. Both complexes also promote the cycloaddition reactions of organic azides with internal alkynes, providing access to fully-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles. The ruthenium-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (RuAAC) appears to proceed via oxidative coupling of the azide and alkyne reactants to give a six-membered ruthenacycle intermediate, in which the first new carbon-nitrogen bond is formed between the more electronegative carbon of the alkyne and the terminal, electrophilic nitrogen of the azide. This step is followed by reductive elimination, which forms the triazole product. DFT calculations support this mechanistic proposal and indicate that the reductive elimination step is rate-determining.     

Magnesium-Catalyzed Tandem Dehydrogenation-Dehydrocoupling: An Atom Economical Access to Alkynylboranes

Owing to the unusual reactivity of sterically hindered amine–borane complexes, a catalytic system based on magnesium salts was designed to perform a tandem dehydrogenation–dehydrocoupling between terminal alkynes and boranes. The reaction is providing pure alkynylboranes within few minutes at room temperature, with only two molecules of hydrogen as a byproduct.     

环戊二烯基钌配合物催化的高选择性苯乙炔二聚反应

Transition metal vinylidene complexes (M=C=CHR) have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years as a new type of organometallic intermediates that may have unusual reactivity[1]. Their reactivity has been explored and their application to organic synthesis is developed[2]. Recent reports on the ruthenium-vinylidene complexes[3]suggest that the reaction of ruthenium-vinylidene complexes with a base generates the coordinatively unsaturated ruthenium acetylide species, which are involved in a number of catalytic and stoichiometric reactions of alkynes. For example,the coordinatively unsaturated ruthenium acetylide species C5Me5Ru(PPh3)-C≡CPh,formed from the reaction of the vinylidene complex C5Me5Ru(PPh3) (Cl)=C=CHPh with a base was reactive toward a variety of small molecules and active in catalytic dimerization of terminal alkynes[4]. The dimerization of terminal alkyne is an effective method of forming enynes, but its synthetic application in organic synthesis has been limited dueto low selectivity for dimeric products[5]. In this communication, we report that three ruthenium complexes were used as catalysts for the highly selective dimerization of phenylacetylene.