微量元素变化对反复呼吸道感染的影响

检测了240例反复呼吸道感染患儿血微量元素含量。结果表明,反复呼吸道感染患儿血锌、铁、钙低于正常对照组(P<0.01);血铅高于正常对照组(P<0.01);血铜、镁两组相当,差异不显著(P<0.05)。提示反复呼吸道感染患儿体内存在锌、铁、钙元素缺乏及铅含量升高。     

低硒大骨节病区粮对大鼠组织中超氧化物歧化酶和脂质过氧化物的影响

应用低硒大骨节病区粮，病区粮加硒和非病区粮饲料喂养大鼠，测定大鼠血清以及心、肝组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性和肝组织中脂质过氧化物(TBA)含量，观察低硒大骨节病区粮对大鼠体内脂质代谢的影响，结果表明，病区粮组肝组织TBA较病区粮加硒组与非病区粮组显著升高，病区粮加硒组与非病区粮组肝TBA含量无显著性差异，SOD活性变化不明显，这些说明大鼠体内脂质代谢紊乱似与低硒有关，加硒可改善这种代谢。     

陕西省克山病病区儿童和成人发锰含量测定

用原子吸收光谱法测定了陕西省彬县克山病房区克山病房户、非病户和非病区礼泉县对照户儿童和成人发锰含量．结果表明。1．病户儿童发锰明显高于非病区对照户，病区非病户儿童与病户或非病区对照户无明显差异；2．3组成人发锰差异不明显；3．病区病户和非病户儿童发锰均明显高于成人，非病区对照户儿童和成人发锰含量无显著差异．     

缺硒儿童免疫功能下降反复呼吸道感染100例临床观察

为探讨硒缺乏与呼吸道感染的关系，对100例反复呼吸道感染患儿进行了肘静脉及颈静脉采血送检，观察了微量元素硒缺乏对儿童呼吸道免疫功能的影响。结果表明，补硒后呼吸道感染率明显降低，儿童健康水平明显提高。     

新生儿TORCH感染与全血14种微量元素的研究

为了解TORCH感染新生儿全血14种微量元素的分布情况，采用日本岛津ICPQ-1012型高频等离子体发射光谱仪进行了全血14种微量元素的测定；采用深圳市萃智生物工程有限公司TORCH IgM抗体ELISA检测试剂盒检测了TORCH IgM抗体；以正常新生儿为对照组，观察了TORCH感染新生儿全血微量元素的改变。结果表明，HSV感染组，血镁、血锌、血铁低于正常，血铅、血铜、血锰高于正常；风疹病毒感染组，血锰、血锌低于正常，血铜高于正常；弓形虫感染组，血锌、血铁低于正常，血铜、血锰高于正常。提示TORCH感染新生儿全血14种微量元素存在不同类型的微量元素失衡，与各种感染造成机体损害有一定关系，需及时纠正，避免进一步的损害。     

低硒克山病病区和非病区居民红细胞免疫功能的对比测定

对比测定了低硒克山病病区和非病区居民的红细胞免疫功能、血清红细胞免疫粘附调节因子和血硒含量。结果表明，低硒病区和非病区居民红细胞Ｃ３ｂＲ花环率和血硒水平显著低于对照非病区，而血清红细胞免疫粘附花环抑制率显著高于对照非病区；３组居民的红细胞免疫复合物花环率和血清红细胞免疫粘附花环促进率无明显差异；低硒病区和非病区居民上述各参数值均相似。研究说明，克山病病区居民红细胞免疫功能低下和血清红细胞免疫粘附抑     

门诊输液室感染危险因素分析及管理对策

目的分析门诊输液室感染危险因素,总结其管理对策。方法回顾性分析2014年6月—2015年6月间湖北省孝感市中心医院门诊输液室接受输液治疗患者临床资料,筛选发生门诊输液室感染病例,分析其发生感染的危险因素,总结降低门诊输液感染发生率的管理对策。结果本组感染率为11.37%,其中呼吸道感染175例(57.00%),消化系统感染80例(26.06%),呼吸道并消化系统感染50例(16.29%),其他2例(0.65%);年龄、治疗时间、医护人员手卫生情况是影响门诊输液室感染发生率的危险因素。结论年龄、输液时间、环境因素均与门诊输液室感染发生相关,为降低医院感染发生率,必须严格贯彻管理制度,重视对医护人员培训,加强对患者的健康教育,重视输液室环境的维护。     

克山病病区和常硒及低硒非病区儿童发铜,锌,铁,锰含量的测定

用原子吸收光谱法测定了克山病病区,常硒非病硒非病区儿童区Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ含量,结果表明：（１）低硒非病区组儿童发Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ含量与常硒非病区组无明显差异。（２）克山病病区组儿童ｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ民低硒和常硒非病区组儿童无明显差异。     

广州市儿童反复呼吸道感染血微量元素分析

为了探讨广州地区春夏季期间儿童反复呼吸道感染(RRI)与血微量元素的关系,检测了2004年1～6月份95例儿童反复呼吸道感染(RRI)与正常儿童的血微量元素对照。结果显示,反复呼吸道感染的儿童比正常儿童的血锌明显偏低,血铅明显偏高,有统计学意义;血钙和血镁相差不大,没有统计学意义。提示反复呼吸道感染后的调理需要提高血锌水平和防治铅中毒。     

儿童反复呼吸道感染与血锌相关性研究

为探讨反复呼吸道感染患儿与血锌的相关关系,对因呼吸道感染住院或门诊治疗的患儿进行了静脉全血微量元素锌测定,其中复感儿35例,非复感儿40例。结果表明,复感儿低锌血症的百分率(82.9%)明显高于非复感儿(57.5%)(P>0.05)。提示低锌血症与儿童反复呼吸道感染具有密切关系,是儿童反复呼吸道感染的重要因素之一。     

延边地区65～108岁健康老人头发中锌、铜、铁、锰、镁的含量

用原子吸收光谱法测定延边地区317名65～108岁老人头发中锌、铜、铁、锰、镁含量，观察不同民族、性别、年龄老人这些元素的差异。结果表明：1.朝鲜旗发锌低于汉族，满族发铜低于汉族、朝鲜族，汉族发镁高于朝鲜族、满族，发铁、发锰在汉、朝、满民族之间无区别。2．汉族、朝鲜族男发锌高于女性，汉族女性发铜高于男性，发铁、发锰、发镁在性别之间无区别。3、90岁组朝鲜族发锰、发镁低于65岁、76岁组，朝鲜族发锌、发铜、发铁在65～108岁之间无统计学意义。     

头发微量元素及钙含量测定的应用价值评价

以125例2～5岁儿童为对象，测定其全血和头发铅、锌、铁、钙含量；以全血铅、锌、铁、钙含量为标准，应用诊断试验评价方法评价头发铅、锌、铁、钙测定的应用价值。结果表明，头发铅测定的灵敏度可达88．3％，应用串联试验，头发铅测定的特异度可提高至81．8％，阳性预测值达69．6％，阴性预测值达78．8％。头发锌测定的灵敏度可达86．1％，特异度为52．4％，阳性预测值75．6％，阴性预测值为68．8％。头发铁测定的灵敏度为72．0％，特异度为77．5％，阳性预测值为83．6％，阴性预测值为63．3％，头发钙测定的灵敏度为78．9％，特异度为69．1％，阳性预测值为69．8％，阴性预测值为78．4％。锌缺乏、铁缺乏、钙缺乏，或铅负荷过高，或数种微量元素缺乏及铅中毒并存是当前严重影响儿童健康成长的常见原因。运用现代检测技术早期发现微量元素缺乏及铅中毒患儿并及时采取防治措施对促进儿童正常生长发育至关重要。头发样品容易采集、运送和保存，因此头发微量元素含量测定适合在中小城镇及农村使用。但其应用价值应进行科学评价。     

Endogenous synthesis of taurine and GABA in rat ocular tissues

The endogenous production of taurine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in rat ocular tissues was investigated. The activities of taurine-producing enzyme, cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD), and GABA-synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), were observed in the retina, lens, iris-ciliary body and cornea. The highest specific activity of CSAD was in the cornea and that of GAD in the retina. The discrepancy between CSAD activity and taurine content within the ocular tissues indicates that intra- or extraocular transport processes may regulate the concentration of taurine in the rat eye. The GAD activity and the content of GABA were distributed in parallel within the rat ocular tissues. The quantitative results suggest that the GAD/GABA system has functional significance only in the retina of the rat eye.     

微孔中简单流体扩散行为的分子动力学模拟研究

用分子动力学模拟方法研究了受限在微孔中的简单流体氩的扩散行为,考察了微孔类型、孔径、温度和密度对微孔中流体扩散系数的影响.研究发现,微孔中流体的扩散系数均小于体相流体,并且随孔径的减小而减小,同时沿孔道或狭缝方向的扩散系数分量远大于沿孔径方向的分量,并且流体在通道型微孔中的扩散系数小于在狭缝型微孔中的扩散系数,温度和密度也是影响微孔中扩散的重要因素.     

十七种香烟中九种金属元素的含量分析

用原子吸收法测定了十七种香烟中锌、铜、铁、锰、铬、镍、钾、钙、镉的含量。结果表明,不同种类香烟中所含九种金属元素有一定的差异,低档香烟所含金属元素的量比高、中档香烟高,烤烟型香烟比外香型香烟低。本结果为烟草的栽培,炮制以及探讨香烟中金属元素对人体危害的研究提供了有用数据。     

基于巯基化衍生的气相色谱-质谱法测定有机相及水相中氯化氰

氯化氰(ClCN)是常用的化工中间体,也是《禁止化学武器公约》附表颁布的化学毒剂之一。采用传统的比色法或气相色谱法对ClCN进行分析时,稳定性差且检出限高。研究建立了有机相及水相中ClCN的巯基化衍生过程及气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)的检测方法。经比较后选择1-丁基硫醇作为衍生试剂,有机相中ClCN的衍生条件为衍生温度40 ℃,体系pH=9,反应时间10 min,反应结束后直接进行GC-MS分析。水相中ClCN的衍生条件与有机相相同,衍生完毕后进行顶空-固相微萃取(HS-SPME)。实验考察了萃取温度对萃取吸附效果的影响,确定最佳萃取温度为55 ℃。通过GC-EI/MS确认ClCN的巯基化衍生产物为硫氰酸丁酯,并对质谱图中主要的离子碎片进行结构确认。采用气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)对硫氰酸丁酯裂解规律进行了分析。采用GC-MS/SIM对有机相及水相中的ClCN进行分析。方法学考察结果表明,ClCN在有机相(20~2000 μg/L)及水相(20~1200 μg/L)中相应的范围内线性关系良好(相关系数(R ²)>0.99);在3个添加水平下有机相中CICN的回收率为87.3%~98.8%,不同的水相基质中CICN的回收率为97.6%~102.2%, RSD分别为2.1%~4.7%和2.8%~4.2%,衍生过程具有良好的专属性。采用禁止化学武器公约组织(OPCW)的水平考试空白有机样品(样品基质为正己烷)对研究方法进行验证,该方法能够成功检出目标物。该研究建立的巯基化衍生-气相色谱-质谱法灵敏度高,精密度好,能够为环境中ClCN的定性定量分析提供技术支持。     

氯霉素在对虾体内的动力学研究

在水产养殖领域倍受重视的药物动力学的应用可有效地避免虾病用药的盲目性。氯霉素被认为是抑制虾原弧菌作用最强的药物,实验中取平均体长９．５ｃｍ的样本虾,经暂养后一次性投喂定量药饵,然后在不同时间间隔取样本虾速冻保存,经适当预处理后测定各组织内氯霉素含量。应用高效液相色谱法进行了药物动力学研究［１］,分离条件：５μｍＣ１８柱,ＭｅＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ（３０７０,Ｖ／Ｖ）洗脱液,Ｍ４９０型紫外检测器。方法快速、准确,在１～５０ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为０．９９９５。     

Verteilung von Säure,Wasser, Methanol, Äthanol und Aceton Zwischen Gemischt Wässrig-Organischen Salpetersäurelösungen und Lösungen von Trilaurylammoniumnitrat in Cyclohexan

The distribution of acid, water, methanol, ethanol and acetone between mixed aqueous-organic nitric acid solutions and solutions of trilaurylammoniumnitrate in cyclohexane has been investigated. The distribution of acid rises with increasing concentrations of nitric acid, methanol, ethanol and acetone in the mixed aqueous-organic phase. The effect of the organic additives in increasing the distribution of the acid is methanol<ethanol<acetone. The concentration of nitric acid in the organic phase can be calculated by a formula similar to that describing the extraction from pure aqueous solutions. The distribution curves of water, methanol and ethanol resemble each other, all of them showing a minimum, when the distribution ration is plotted versus the nitric acid concentration in the mixed aqueous-organic phase. The acetone distribution decreases steadily with increasing nitric acid concentration. The shape of the curves is briefly discussed.      

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of viscoelastic phase separation under shear: the roles of bulk and shear relaxation moduli

The morphological, dynamic and rheological characteristics in the viscoelastic phase separation(VPS) of sheared polymer solutions are investigated by three-dimensional(3D) numerical simulations of viscoelastic model. The simulations are accelerated by graphic process unit(GPU) to break through the limitation of computation power. Firstly, the morphological and dynamic characteristics of VPS under shear are presented by comparing with those in classic phase separation(CPS). The results show that the phase inversion and phase shrink take place in VPS under shear. Then, the roles of bulk and shear relaxation moduli in VPS are investigated in details. The bulk relaxation modulus slows down the phase separation process under shear, but not affects the dynamic path of VPS. The dynamic path can be divided into three stages: freezing stage, growth stage and stable stage. The second overshoot phenomenon in the shear stress is observed, and explained by the breakdown and reform of string structures. The shear modulus affects morphology evolution in the late stage of VPS under shear.     

The retention behaviour and separation of some water-soluble organophosphorus insecticides on polyester-based polyurethane foams

This paper reports the concentration of some dissolved organic phosphorus insecticides in water by open-cell polyurethane foam. The results of preliminary screening tests on the retention of the tested insecticides (Diazinon, Malathion and Chloropyrifos) by polyester foams indicated that a very high percent removal of the insecticides was obtained. The retention rate was fast and reaches equilibrium in a few minutes. The various parameters affecting the preconcentration of the tested insecticides by unloaded foam, e.g. pH, extraction media, shaking time, salt effect, flow rate, temperature and sample volumes have been optimized via the static mode of separation. The unloaded foams were employed in columns for the retention and recovery of the tested species. The sorption efficiency and the recovery of the tested compounds by the unloaded foam column were found to be up to 95.5%. The equivalent to a theoretical plate by the unloaded foam was found in the range 1.12 - 1.32 +/- 0.2 mm. The sorption mechanism of the tested species by the foam is discussed. The separation of some of the tested species in a mixture was achieved. The foam membrane offers unique advantages over conventional bulk-type granular sorbents and solvent extraction in offering high flow rates, rapid, versatile, effective separation and preconcentration of different species from aqueous samples. The foam provides the advantages of being, insoluble, easily separable and non-polluting, as well as inexpensive.