形式电荷之辨析与应用

从基础的元素化学和化学结构理论入手,系统性地举例辨析形式电荷的若干相关问题,讨论其与真实电荷、化合价、氧化态和电子对之别,并举例在前沿金属配合物等领域的应用。以期对化学基础教学与推广有助。     

利用中心原子价层轨道阐释软硬酸碱理论的原理与应用

软硬酸碱理论作为基础化学的重要理论,其在教学与教材中却存在定义不清、难以应用、适用范围不明、模棱两可等众多问题。借用前线轨道理论的观念,针对核心原子的外层轨道进行系统性讨论,并分类举例说明其适用范围与应用方式,以期对基础教学和相关科研有助。     

以催化应用为纽带链接基础化学2课程与多学科的交叉融合

“基础化学2”是面向“基础学科拔尖学生培养计划”大一本科生开设的一门理科专业基础课。针对学生因专业选择余地大容易觉得课程与专业联系不够紧密而学习积极性不高的问题，提出以元素及其化合物的催化应用为纽带，寻找合适的切入点，将化学基础知识与各相关学科研究前沿及工业应用相联系，建设具有学科交叉特色的基础化学教学体系的建议，突出培养学生的学科创新思维能力，体现理论与实践相结合的教学特色。     

医学化学学科教学知识构建的初探

护理专业学生文理兼收,文科学生学习医学化学面临很大困难,为此研究化学学习中的认知规律,加大医学化学课程的改革力度,建构化学教师的学科教学知识结构和医学化学学科教学知识的基本理论,达到提高教学质量的目的。     

试论化学教学论的基础

化学教学理论界对化学教学论的基础是什么的回答不深不透,已深度影响到化学教学论自身的建设。本文认为化学教学实践活动应是化学教学论的实践基础;普通教学论、教育心理学、教育社会学、教育传播学应是化学教学论的主要理论基础,而教育学原理是通过普通教学论对化学教学论发挥指导作用的。鉴此,理清了化学教学论与相关理论学科及化学教学实践活动的关系层次。提出化学教学论要以普通教学论、教育心理学、教育社会学、教育传播学的研究终点作为自己的研究起点,基于实存的化学教学实践活动构建化学教学论体系。     

将矿物学理论与实验知识引入基础无机化学教学的探讨

矿物学是与无机化学密不可分的兄弟学科之一。无机化学知识的一个重要来源就是人类对矿物的观察与研究,同时元素化学的基础研究也被广泛应用于矿物学。对于矿物的认识可以加深学生对于无机化学理论联系实际的感性和理性认识,并进一步熟悉相关元素的性质。本文从基础无机化学教学的角度整理了矿物学的理论与实验教学要点,并以多种典型矿物为实验对象描述其实验性质,并阐述如何结合矿物实例进行矿物学理论与实验的教学。将矿物学相关内容引入基础无机化学教学,不失为一种交叉学科与基础化学教育相结合的新模式。     

化学哲学:化学学科理解维度解构与水平提升路径

经文献分析发现在化学学科理解相关研究中出现一个共性问题,即对化学学科理解的对象认知不一,具有不同程度的差异性。基于此,通过对化学学科理解对象的文献观点分析发现,文献所述化学学科理解对象皆差异性地指向化学知识、化学史及化学哲学三大范畴,但其指向化学哲学的过程是不自觉的、不系统的。因此通过分析化学哲学本体、化学教学的理论基础及其本质、化学教学与化学哲学的“供需”关系,探讨基于化学哲学视角系统梳理化学学科理解对象的可行性、合理性及必要性。最终认为化学哲学是一个系统且具学理性的化学学科理解维度解构路径,同时也是认知主体获得深度且系统的化学学科理解的水平提升路径。     

医用基础化学教材改革的几点思考

化学是医学、药学和生物学的重要基础。特别是近年来分子生物学(molecularbiology)、分子医学(molecularmedicine),遗传组学(genomics)、蛋白组学(proteomics)、代谢组学(metabonomics)等学科的相继出现,标志着生命科学的发展进入了分子水平,化学在生命科学中的重要性更加突出。如何不失时机地将化学学科作为一个基础学科整体介绍给医学、药学和生物学的学生,又在教学中将化学与医学、药学和生物学的紧密联系介绍给学生,从而构建出一套对医学、药学和生物学学生适用的生物医药类专业化学基础课体系,并在此基础上,搭建为生物医药类专业学生服…     

综合性大学通识课程“化学与健康”的教学探索

通识课程是高校专业教学内容的重要组成部分,对于提高本科人才培养质量具有深远的作用。通识课“化学与健康”的教学内容涉及化学、生命、药学、医学、环境等学科。该课程可以拓宽学生知识面、促进多学科交叉,达到提高科学素养的目的。以通识课“化学与健康”教学实践为基础,针对综合性大学该课程的建设基础、课程目标及教学内容设计、教学方法与手段、教学效果、思政元素的引入等方面进行了讨论,调研了国外相关课程设置的特点,为加强高校、尤其是综合性大学通识课程的建设提供参考。     

基础化学教学中从化学视角解释医学知识*——以“龋齿的形成与防护”为例

为解决医学院学生难以运用化学知识联系解释医学内容的问题,以医学案例“龋齿的形成与防护”作为切入点,通过医学现象去揭示其中所蕴含的化学原理,探索将基础化学教学与医学内容相结合。采用化学与医学融合教学模式能够激发起学生学习化学的兴趣,培养学生思考分析解决问题的能力,为培养新时代复合型医学人才奠定基础。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.