液相色谱-质谱用于卵巢肿瘤中磷脂轮廓的分析

卵巢肿瘤日益影响女性的健康和生活质量,其中的卵巢癌是女性三大恶性肿瘤之一,死亡率高居三者之首。因此卵巢肿瘤尤其卵巢癌是目前的一个研究热点。本研究利用液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)联用技术对卵巢肿瘤进行磷脂轮廓分析,研究良性卵巢肿瘤(B)和卵巢癌(M)的患者血清中磷脂代谢的差异情况。首先用LC-MS采集血清中磷脂的指纹图谱,通过峰识别、峰匹配等得到峰表,然后利用正交校正的偏最小二乘法(OSC-PLS)进行多种分型,根据模型的变量重要因子(VIP)、VIP值的置信区间、S图和显著性差异检验结果等筛选有差异的磷脂。结果显示: M组和B组与正常对照(N)组比较都存在明显的磷脂代谢差异,发生改变的磷脂主要为缩醛磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰胆碱、缩醛磷脂酰胆碱、鞘磷脂和溶血磷脂酰胆碱。     

台风过后网箱养殖大黄鱼恢复过程中血清代谢物变化的研究

为了考察台风影响后鱼类恢复过程中血清代谢物的变化,利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱,电喷雾电离源分别在正负离子模式下,对超强台风"罗莎"影响后的象山港网箱养殖大黄鱼血清进行为期半个月的测定,并通过SIMCA-P软件进行主成分分析和正交偏最小二乘法辨别分析.结果表明,大黄鱼恢复过程中潜在生物标志物主要为磷脂酰胆碱和溶血磷脂酰胆碱.另外还有皮五醇和牛黄胆酸.其中,溶血磷脂酰胆碱、含高不饱和度脂肪酰基的磷脂酰胆碱(总不饱和度之和大于9)和牛黄胆酸在恢复过程中均呈现增加的趋势; 而含低不饱和度脂肪酰基的磷脂酰胆碱(总不饱和度之和小于8)和皮五醇则呈现减少的趋势.这些代谢指标物的变化,体现了大黄鱼在台风后恢复过程中,通过皮质类激素调节脂类物质代谢的结果.     

液相色谱-质谱联用系统在肝硬化不同阶段代谢轮廓研究中的应用

采用高效液相色谱-轨道离子阱质谱联用(HPLC-LTQ Orbitrap XL MS)代谢组学研究平台分析不同阶段肝硬化病人和健康人群的血清标本,获取代谢轮廓。采用模式识别方法结合非参数检验对数据进行分析。研究发现,由肝硬化A级组、B级组、C级组和健康对照组的代谢轮廓构建的正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)模型(R2（Y）=90.1%, Q2=66.7%),对检测组数据的预测准确率达到93.8%,具有很好的判别能力。从代谢轮廓中可以鉴别出用于区分不同疾病阶段的特异性代谢标志物,如溶血磷脂酰胆碱、甘氨鹅去氧胆酸、半胱氨酸、甘氨酸、氨基己二酸、哌可酸等。研究结果表明: 利用代谢组学方法获得的血清代谢轮廓可以用来构建区分模型和寻找代谢标志物,为乙肝肝硬化的诊断和监测提供支持和依据。     

基于液相色谱-质谱法的不同花期金银花代谢组学分析

基于液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)建立了金银花代谢组学分析方法,优化得到最佳提取试剂为甲醇-水(体积比3∶1),并对方法的重复性和精密度进行了考察。结果表明方法的稳定性良好,满足代谢组学分析的要求。通过质量数、保留时间和二级质谱数据对金银花中的初生和次生代谢物进行了定性分析,共鉴别出157个代谢物,包括氨基酸、核苷、脂肪酸、脂质等初生代谢物以及酚酸、黄酮、环烯醚萜苷等次生代谢物。不同花期的金银花代谢组学分析发现,次生代谢物酚酸类、黄酮类和环烯醚萜苷类的含量随着花期的增加而显著下降。初生代谢物中,大部分氨基酸、核苷、氧化脂肪酸的含量显著下降,而大部分的溶血磷脂酰胆碱(Lyso PC)、溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺(Lyso PE)和脂肪酸的含量显著上升。该研究结果可为金银花药效成分代谢调控机制的深入研究及后期种植采收提供理论指导。     

一种基于液相色谱-质谱技术进行血清代谢组学研究的方法：从代谢指纹到潜在标志物

本文描述了一种基于液相色谱-质谱技术（LC-MS）的代谢组学发现疾病潜在标志物的方法.该方法利用LC-MS获得代谢指纹图谱,并通过多种统计分析方法对产生的海量数据进行分析,最终筛选出潜在标志物.数据分析过程包括：通过归一化、修正80%规则、数据集分割和数据缩放等方法对数据集进行预处理 通过正交校正的偏最小二乘（OPLS）模式识别方法对样品进行分型 根据模型的变量重要性因子（VIP值）、非参数检验结果和z值筛选潜在标志物.以宫颈癌血清样本为例,应用上述方法,15个变量被确认为潜在标志物,操作者接受曲线（ROC）下的面积为0.667～0.956.经过相关性分析和结构鉴定,发现这15个变量来自9个化合物.其中7个化合物被鉴定为色氨酸、硬脂酸、花生四烯酸、溶血磷脂酰胆碱（0：0/16：0,16：0/0：0,18：1/0：0和18：0/0：0）,说明在宫颈癌中花生四烯酸和溶血磷脂酰胆碱的代谢发生异常.     

改性苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物色谱固定相用于磷脂分离分析北大核心CSCD

磷脂是重要的信号分子,磷脂的代谢与多种疾病密切相关。因此,开展磷脂的分离分析研究至关重要。苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)作为一种新型两亲性交替共聚物可以插入生物膜的磷脂双分子层中,形成以膜蛋白质为中心的脂质纳米盘,对膜蛋白质和磷脂具有良好的增溶作用。本文基于“点击”反应和自由基聚合反应,将对磷脂具有良好增溶性能的SMA接枝到硅胶表面,然后以蛋氨酸甲酯盐酸盐(MME·HCl)为开环试剂,通过亲核开环反应对SMA进行修饰,制备了新型的改性SMA修饰色谱固定相(Sil-SMA-MME)。结合高效液相色谱-紫外检测法,利用酰胺类和核苷/核酸碱基类以及苯酚类3类小分子物质对填充Sil-SMA-MME色谱柱的保留机制和分离性能进行了系统评价,Sil-SMA-MME色谱柱具有典型的亲水作用保留机制,其柱效最高可达90900 N/m,并显示了良好的分离选择性。进一步结合高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法,考察了Sil-SMA-MME色谱柱对磷脂样品的分离性能。二棕榈酰磷脂酰丝氨酸钠(DPPS)、二油酰磷脂酰胆碱(DOPC)、二棕榈酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(DPPE)和4种磷脂酰胆碱(PC)类标准品溶血卵磷脂(LysoPC)、二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰胆碱(DMPC)、二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱(DSPC)、二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)均可实现基线分离,并且成功地实现了南极磷虾油和人血清磷脂提取物的分离分析。以上结果表明,所制备的Sil-SMA-MME色谱柱在磷脂类物质分离分析中具有良好的应用潜力。     

基于超高效液相色谱-质谱的胶质瘤患者血浆代谢组学研究

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱质谱(UHPLC-Q-OrbitrapHRMS)技术对胶质瘤患者和正常对照人群的血浆进行代谢轮廓分析,筛选胶质瘤代谢标志物,为其发病机制阐明和临床早期诊断提供科学依据。通过对UHPLC-Q-OrbitrapHRMS采集得到的谱图进行峰识别、峰匹配和去噪等处理后,应用主成分和正交偏最小二乘-判别分析法对代谢组学数据进行统计分析,筛选VIP1.0及P0.05的差异代谢物,并进一步对其诊断能力进行评价。结果显示,胶质瘤患者的血浆代谢轮廓发生明显变化,发现并鉴定得到10个差异代谢物,其中亮氨酸、缬氨酸、色氨酸、胆碱和牛磺酸在胶质瘤患者血浆中含量降低,组氨酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、肌酸和丙酮酸含量升高,与正常对照组比较具有显著性差异(P0.05),提示氨基酸和能量等代谢异常可能对胶质瘤的发生发展具有重要影响。此外,各差异性代谢物对胶质瘤均显示出较好的诊断能力(AUC0.8),可作为潜在诊断标志物。     

二苯基庚烷A干预RAW264.7细胞炎症模型甘油磷脂的UPLC-Q/TOF MS分析

对RAW264.7细胞在不同状态(正常、炎症、给药)下的甘油磷脂成分进行分析,寻找相关的潜在病理药理标志物,阐明二苯基庚烷A在抗炎过程中对甘油磷脂代谢的影响。实验分为空白组(C)、炎症模型组(L)、二苯基庚烷A给药组(D)和布洛芬给药组(B,阳性对照药组)4组。空白组和炎症组给予新鲜培养基,给药组分别给予新配含20μg/m L二苯基庚烷A和100μg/m L布洛芬的培养基,1 h后,炎症模型组和给药组按终浓度为0.5μg/m L加入脂多糖(LPS)培养,24 h后,运用修饰后的Bligh-Dyer方法提取不同状态下RAW264.7细胞的甘油磷脂成分,并通过超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用技术(UPLC-Q/TOF MS)在正负离子模式下对甘油磷脂进行一级(MS)和二级(MS/MS)质谱分析。结合二级质谱裂解数据、元素组成、数据库比对等方法鉴定磷脂成分,再通过主成分分析法(PCA)、偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)以及t检验筛选潜在的甘油磷脂生物标志物。结果显示,炎症组与空白组比较得到27个潜在病理标志物,二苯基庚烷A给药组与炎症组比较得到23个潜在药理标志物,布洛芬给药组与炎症组比较得到17个潜在药理标志物,主要包括磷脂酰胆碱(PC)、溶血磷脂酰胆碱(lyso PC)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)、溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺(lyso PE)。研究表明二苯基庚烷A在抗炎过程中引起了甘油磷脂代谢的明显变化,而这些代谢变化与炎症的发生发展密切相关。     

HPLC与MALDI-TOF MS联用技术分析蛋黄中的磷脂

蛋黄中含有大量磷脂,其中磷脂酰胆碱(PC)和磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)最为丰富.本研究采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)与基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)联用技术分析了蛋黄中磷脂粗提物.将从蛋黄中提取的多种磷脂通过HPLC预先分离,收集各组分后分别进行MAIDI-TOF MS分析得到比较清晰的质谱图.通过质谱图解析确定了蛋黄中磷脂酰胆碱、神经鞘磷脂(SM)的脂肪酸组成.     

二亚油酰磷脂酰胆碱分析

通过HPLC/HPLC-MS研究了二亚油酰磷脂酰胆碱的测定方法,磷脂样品首先经过HPLC分离得到磷脂酰胆碱,该磷脂酰胆碱再进一步通过不同的HPLC系统分离二亚油酰磷脂酰胆碱,并通过标准样品和质谱进行二亚油酰磷脂酰胆碱的定性.定量方法通过标准样品外标法定量,由方法的回收率和精密度试验可知,该方法已用来测定一般磷脂样品和磷脂酰胆碱样品中的二亚油酰磷脂酰胆碱含量.     

Urine profiling using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry and multivariate data analysis

This work presents the development of a general and fast method for metabolic profiling of urine, using capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (CE-ESIMS) and multivariate data analysis (DA). Human urine samples collected before and after ingestion of paracetamol were analysed at acidic and basic CE conditions, using both positive and negative ESI-MS detection. Analysis of the entire resulting data set, with no prior knowledge of the target compounds, using pair-wise 'fuzzy' correlation and eigenvalue analysis enabled the samples to be discriminated between on the basis of blank urine and urine collected after drug intake. By generating two-dimensional loadings plots, it was also possible to identify the m/z values of the substances responsible for the differentiation between control and dosed samples.     

高危儿在顺产与剖腹产中娩出时产生糖代谢紊乱的研究分析

目的分析高危儿在顺产与剖腹产中娩出时血糖的特点,探讨防治糖代谢紊乱路径。方法选取2013年12月至2014年6月于广东省连州市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心产科娩出的85例高危儿为研究对象,按娩出方式分为剖腹产组43例,顺产组42例,应用罗氏血糖检测仪分析高危儿娩出后血糖水平(全血血糖低于2.2 mmol/L诊断为低血糖,全血血糖高于7.0 mmol/L诊断为高血糖),并针对血糖异常制定糖代谢紊乱预防方案,比较两组出生后24 h内的血糖水平。结果顺产组糖代谢紊乱率11.9%显著低于剖腹产组30.2%(P0.05);娩出时剖腹产新生儿脐血的血糖(2.14±0.37)mmol/L明显低于顺产组(2.63±0.59)mmol/L(P0.05),出生后24 h内剖腹产组血糖水平与顺产组比较无显著差异(P0.05)。结论剖宫产高危儿较容易发生血糖异常,出现糖代谢紊乱,故在高危儿出生后应及时监测血糖变化,并采取措施防治血糖异常引起的糖代谢紊乱。     

Probing genetic algorithms for feature selection in comprehensive metabolic profiling approach

Six different clones of 1-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings grown under standardized conditions in a green house were used for sample preparation and further analysis. Three independent and complementary analytical techniques for metabolic profiling were applied in the present study: hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC-LC/ESI-MS), reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC/ESI-MS), and gas chromatography all coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/TOF-MS). Unsupervised methods, such as principle component analysis (PCA) and clustering, and supervised methods, such as classification, were used for data mining. Genetic algorithms (GA), a multivariate approach, was probed for selection of the smallest subsets of potentially discriminative classifiers. From more than 2000 peaks found in total, small subsets were selected by GA as highly potential classifiers allowing discrimination among six investigated genotypes. Annotated GC/TOF-MS data allowed the generation of a small subset of identified metabolites. LC/ESI-MS data and small subsets require further annotation. The present study demonstrated that combination of comprehensive metabolic profiling and advanced data mining techniques provides a powerful metabolomic approach for biomarker discovery among small molecules. Utilizing GA for feature selection allowed the generation of small subsets of potent classifiers.     

HPLC Separation of Aryldiamine Transformation Products using a Polar-Modified RP-C18 Column

A high-performance liquid chromatography–UV/VIS detection–electrospray ionization single quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC–UV/VIS–ESI-MS) method was developed to separate oxidative and photolytic degradation products of aryldiamines, that is, para-phenylenediamine and para-toluenediamine. The separation was performed on a polar modified reversed phase-C₁₈ column which provided superior chromatographic resolution compared to conventional columns. Gradient elution was used with the mobile phases of water and acetonitrile containing 10 mM ammonium acetate. Various compounds including aryldiamines, benzoquinones, aromatic nitro compounds, and azobenzenes were selected for an optimization of the ESI-MS operation and the chromatographic separation conditions. Highly linear calibrations (r² > 0.999) were achieved for a subset of 5 standard substances. Using analyte-specific UV detection wavelengths, limits of detection and limits of quantitation of these substances ranged from 3.0 to 7.0 µg L^?1 and from 10.0 to 23.3 µg L^?1, respectively. The analysis of aqueous solutions of para-toluenediamine photolysis products confirmed the performance of the method. Up to 28 chromatographic signals were recorded and the change of their peak heights during the transformation process was monitored for 24 hours. The identities of the compounds were ascertained by means of MS detection correlations between molecular features and the chromatographic retention of the compounds.     

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric method for metabolic profiling of tobacco leaves

A gas chromatography-mass spectrometric method was developed for profiling of tobacco leaves. The differentiation among tobacco leaves planted in two different regions was investigated. Prior to analysis, the extraction solvent formulation was optimized and a combination of water, methanol and acetonitrile with a volume ratio of 3:1:1 was found to be optimal. The reproducibility of the method was satisfactory. Kendall tau-b rank correlation coefficients were equal to 1 (p<0.05) for 82% of the resolved peaks (up to 95% of the overall peak areas), indicating the good response correlation. Forty-four compounds including 9 saccharides, 9 alcohols, 9 amino acids, 16 organic acids and phosphoric acid were identified based on standard compounds. The method was successfully applied for profiling of tobacco leaves from Zimbabwe and Yunnan of China. Our result revealed that levels of saccharides and their derivatives including xylose, ribose, fructose, glucose, turanose, xylitol and glyceric acid were more abundant while sucrose, glucitol and D-gluconic acid were less abundant in tobacco leaves from Yunnan as compared to those from Zimbabwe. Amino acids such as L-alanine, L-tyrosine and L-threonine were found to be richer in Zimbabwe tobacco than in Yunnan tobacco.     

Separation of phospholipid classes by hydrophilic interaction chromatography detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

A new isocratic separation method was developed for separation of phospholipid (PL) classes based on a silica hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) column with electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometric detection. Although HILIC is typically used for polar compounds, also amphiphilic molecules like phospholipids can be separated very well. Compared to normal-phase (NP) chromatography, which is usually used for PL class separation, HILIC has the advantage to use on-line ESI-MS detection because its eluents are ESI compatible. Furthermore, this HILIC method is isocratic and hence less time consuming than most (gradient) NP HPLC methods. A chromatographic baseline separation of a standard mixture containing phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyelin (SM) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) was achieved within a total run time of 17 min using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile, methanol and ammonium acetate 10 mM. The new method was subsequently tested on phospholipid fractions of a body fluid (human blood plasma) and a tissue extract (swine brain) whereby it achieved nearly the same baseline separation of the PL classes. The detected classes in both cases were PE, PC, SM and LPC.     

Automated peak tracking for comprehensive impurity profiling in orthogonal liquid chromatographic separation using mass spectrometric detection

The presence and quantity of impurities in pharmaceutical drugs can have a significant impact on their quality and safety. With the continuous pressure for increased industry productivity, there is urgent need for a systematic and comprehensive drug impurity profiling strategy. We report here our development of the fully automated Comprehensive Orthogonal Method Evaluation Technology (COMET) system. The system includes five columns, seven orthogonal HPLC methods, and hyphenated UV-MS detections, which provides automated generic impurities screening for any drug sample. An automated MS peak tracking approach by program-based mass spectral interpretation is devised to unambiguously track impurities among all orthogonal HPLC methods. The program passes electro-spray ionization mass spectra (ESI-MS) through four sequential decision-making mass ion tests and determines molecular weights for every peak. The system reduces the time required to obtain impurity profile from weeks to days, while the automated MS peak tracking takes only minutes to interpret all MS spectral data of interest. Up-to-date, impurity contents of 56 in-development drug candidate samples have all been successfully illustrated by COMET, which contained more than 500 chemical entities. The program is able to track more than 80% of the compounds automatically with majority of the failure due to insufficient ionization for some impurities by ESI. This system is well suited for efficient drug development and ensuring the quality and safety of drug products.     

Pharmacoinformatics and UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS-Based Phytochemical Screening of Combretum indicum against Oxidative Stress and Alloxan-Induced Diabetes in Long–Evans Rats

This research investigated a UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS-based phytochemical profiling of Combretum indicum leaf extract (CILEx), and explored its in vitro antioxidant and in vivo antidiabetic effects in a Long–Evans rat model. After a one-week intervention, the animals’ blood glucose, lipid profile, and pancreatic architectures were evaluated. UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS fragmentation of CILEx and its eight docking-guided compounds were further dissected to evaluate their roles using bioinformatics-based network pharmacological tools. Results showed a very promising antioxidative effect of CILEx. Both doses of CILEx were found to significantly (p < 0.05) reduce blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol (TC), and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Pancreatic tissue architectures were much improved compared to the diabetic control group. A computational approach revealed that schizonepetoside E, melianol, leucodelphinidin, and arbutin were highly suitable for further therapeutic assessment. Arbutin, in a Gene Ontology and PPI network study, evolved as the most prospective constituent for 203 target proteins of 48 KEGG pathways regulating immune modulation and insulin secretion to control diabetes. The fragmentation mechanisms of the compounds are consistent with the obtained effects for CILEx. Results show that the natural compounds from CILEx could exert potential antidiabetic effects through in vivo and computational study.     

超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱快速分析人参根中的皂甙化合物

建立了超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱快速分析人参根部提取物中的皂甙类化合物的方法。色谱柱为HSS T3超高效液相色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm);以15 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液-乙腈为流动相,采用二元梯度洗脱的方式对人参主根的皂甙提取物进行分离。基于待测目标物的多级质谱碎片离子、精确质量等信息,结合9种人参皂甙标准化合物的多级质谱碎片离子质谱图,共鉴定出人参主根提取物中27种皂甙类化合物。在确定的条件下,以9种人参皂甙标样为研究对象,进行了全面的方法学考察,发现它们的线性范围分别为0.33～9.00 mg/L (Rg1), 0.11～9.00 mg/L (Re), 0.02～2.00 mg/L (Rf), 0.07～6.00 mg/L (Rg2), 0.04～3.00 mg/L (Rb1, Rb3), 0.22～6.00 mg/L (Rc), 0.04～9.00 mg/L (Rb2, Rd);在中等加标浓度时,经内标物峰面积校正的9种皂甙标准化合物的峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)不高于11.3%;低、中、高3个质量浓度加标水平的回收率范围分别为90%～100%、98%～104%及96%～103%;最低检出限为3.5～18.5 μg/L。该方法具有高分辨、快捷、简便、可靠等特点,并成功地应用于分析同一产地、不同生长时间的人参干燥主根中皂甙的差异。可以预计此方法可进一步应用于各种人参原料和制品中皂甙的快速测定。