气相色谱-质谱法测定氯氮平及其去甲基代谢物

建立了测定人血清中氯氮平及其去甲基代谢物的柱前衍生化气相色谱－质谱选择离子监测的分析方法。以三氟乙酸酐作酰化剂,对衍生化条件和样品预处理方法实施了优化。氯氮平和去甲氯氮平的线性范围为１～１２８μｇ／Ｌ,最低检测浓度：氯氮平为０．１μｇ／Ｌ,去甲氯氮平为０．２μｇ／Ｌ,两者的回收率均大于８３％,相对标准偏差都小于１０％。将所建立的方法应用于服用细胞色素氧化酶Ｐ４５０１Ａ２抑制剂前后低剂量氯氮平的药代动力学自身对照试验中,结果显示氯氮平的代谢水平明显受Ｐ４５０１Ａ２活性的影响。     

柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法测定氯氮平中肼含量

建立了柱前衍生高效液相色谱法准确测定氯氮平中游离肼的含量.该方法以对二甲氨基苯甲醛为衍生试剂,将游离肼衍生化为对二甲氨基苄连氮,然后进行高效液相色谱测定.采用Inertsil ODS-3色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)分离,以体积分数0.1％磷酸水溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为480 nm,流...     

1 μm硅胶颗粒固定相的加压电色谱分离性能

制备了1 μm无孔硅胶颗粒。通过电动填充法得到总长度为45 cm(固定相填充长度为20 cm)、内径为100 μm的毛细管色谱柱。以乙腈-水体系作为流动相,详细考察了碱性化合物在该色谱柱上的加压电色谱(pCEC)分离性能,讨论了流动相比例、缓冲液浓度、pH值及操作电压等因素对分离的影响。实验结果表明,裸硅胶柱在乙腈-水体系分离碱性样品中表现出典型的反相色谱分离性能;缓冲液浓度的改变则对分离影响不大。当pH值改变时,碱性化合物的解离程度发生变化,它们与固定相之间的作用力发生变化,使得分离度发生相应的变化。分离柱效随施加电压的增加而增加,在1 kV电压下,裸硅胶柱对邻甲苯胺的柱效为35000理论塔板/m。     

毛细管电泳-迎头分析法测定血清或血浆中氯氮平的游离浓度

采用毛细管电泳-迎头分析模式体外实验测定了人血清白蛋白溶液、人血浆、兔血清和血浆样品溶液中游离氯氮平的浓度．根据前沿峰的峰高直接测定了样品溶液中的游离氯氮平浓度，并与传统超滤法进行了比较．通过考察施加的电压和运行缓冲液的组成对氯氮平电泳峰平台形成的影响确定了最优分离条件．讨论了氯氮平蛋白结合作用的选择性．     

LC-MS/MS法定量测定人血浆中的氯氮平

建立了人血浆中氯氮平的固相萃取及LC-MS/MS定量检测方法.血浆中的氯氮平用固相萃取柱(Bond Elut Certify)萃取,采用Waters AtlantisTMd C18色谱柱,电喷雾离子源,正离子检测,多反应监测方式进行定量分析,SKF525a作为内标.对氯氮平的定量下限为100 ng/mL,氯氮平质量浓度...     

反相高效液相色谱法快速测定7种四环素类抗生素

建立了一种反相高效液相色谱梯度洗脱分离测定四环素类药物的新方法。采用DiamonsilTM C1 8ODS(2 5 0mm× 4 .6mmi.d ,5 μm)色谱柱 ,以甲醇 乙腈 0 .0 1mol/L草酸为流动相 ,流速 1.0mL/min ,2 70nm检测 ,在10min内分离检测四环素等 7种化合物。同时还研究了流动相组成、梯度条件、pH值、草酸浓度等因素对分离效果的影响。     

氨基酸-铜配位化合物的紫外检测高效液相色谱研究

研究了氨基酸-铜配位化合物的紫外检测反相高效液相色谱分离、测定方法,阐明了色谱分离、检测机理,探讨了流动相pH值、己基磺酸盐、铜离子、缓冲液浓度等对溶质保留和紫外检测灵敏度的影响,确定了最佳色谱分离、检测条件,并用于生物样品分析。     

在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定人血清中氯氮平、奎硫平和利培酮的含量

使用双梯度液相色谱系统紫外检测器,建立了在线固相萃取液相色谱法全自动、快速、同时测定人血清中氯氮平、奎琉平和利培酮的含量。本方法采用了反相系统,为了提高分离的互补性,使用Capcell MF Ph-1柱作为在线固相萃取柱,Acclaim C18柱作为分析柱。在线固相萃取柱以乙腈-水体系作为流动相,流速1 m L/min梯度洗脱;分析柱以乙腈-100 mmol/L醋酸铵溶液作为流动相,流速1 m L/min,梯度洗脱。样品溶液注入到在线固相萃取苯基柱中,根据此柱的限进机制,血清中的蛋白等大分子物质不被保留而排出,而氯氮平、奎琉平和利培酮等小分子化合物得到保留;通过阀切换使用双梯度液相色谱系统的分析泵将固相萃取柱上保留的氯氮平、奎琉平和利培酮等小分子化合物转移到分析柱中进行二次分离,采用外标法测定氯氮平、奎琉平和利培酮的含量,整个前处理和分析过程仅需18 min。氯氮平在10~1800μg/L浓度范围内相关系数为0.9996,低、中、高浓度的平均回收率分别为118.4%,105.0%和105.4%;奎琉平在3.6~640μg/L浓度范围内相关系数r为0.9997,低、中、高浓度的平均回收率分别为112.8%,101.1%和101.5%;利培酮在0.71~128μg/L浓度范围内相关系数为0.9995,低、中、高浓度的平均回收率分别为100.7%,97.2%和98.8%。结果表明,本方法可极大地提高样品分析效率,快速准确测定人血清中氯氮平、奎琉平和利培酮的含量。     

加压毛细管电色谱手性配体交换法对游离亮氨酸异构体分离的研究

以反相C18为固定相,通过对流动相中的手性选择体、流动相组成与pH值及操作电压等条件的考察,成功建立了毛细管电色谱（CEC）手性配体交换法分离游离亮氨酸异构体的方法。优化的色谱条件：C18反相毛细管柱;以2mmol／L天冬氨酰苯丙氨酸甲酯为手性选择体,Cu^2＋为配体离子,流动相为20mmol／L乙酸缓冲液（pH5．5）,5％（体积分数）的甲醇为有机改性剂;流速为0．02mL／min;操作压力为6．9×10^6 Pa;检测波长为UV 280nm;工作电压＋5kV;室温。两异构体可在15min内基线分离,检出限为10μmol／L（S／N=3）,并在0．05～1．5mmol／L范围内呈良好的线性关系,日让、日内精密度均小于3．5％。     

嘌呤衍生物在葫芦［6］脲单轮烷键合固定相上的色谱行为

在反相和正相色谱模式下,研究了几种嘌呤衍生物在葫芦［6］脲单轮烷键合硅胶固定相上的高效液相色谱行为,并在反相模式下与ODS固定相进行了比较,考察了流动相中甲醇含量、流动相pH值和离子强度对嘌呤化合物保留的影响。研究结果表明:在反相模式下,嘌呤化合物与葫芦［6］脲单轮烷键合相之间存在多种相互作用,除疏水作用外,分离过程中还存在与ODS不同的色谱分离机制。在正相条件下,多作用力的色谱分离机制同样存在。葫芦［6］脲单轮烷键合相与溶质之间存在疏水、氢键、π-π和偶极-偶极等多种作用力,协同作用提高了固定相对嘌呤化合物的分离选择性。     

Determination of clozapine and its metabolites in serum and urine by reversed phase HPLC

A rapid, specific and sensitive method using reversed phase HPLC for the simultaneous determination of clozapine and its two metabolites in serum and urine has been developed. The mobile phase was a mixture of 67% (v/v) methanol in water containing 0.4% tetramethylethylenediamine and 0.32% acetic acid (pH 5.5). The influence of methanol content, the pH of the mobile phase and the effect of adding alkylammonium ions as peak tailing reducer in the mobile phase have been investigated. The solvent for extracting clozapine from serum and urine was ether. 50 microliters of 0.25 M H2SO4 solution was used to redissolve the dry residue to eliminate the endogenous compounds which could otherwise be eluted together with clozapine from the HPLC column. The analysis of a single sample was accomplished within half an hour. The identities of the chromatographic peaks of clozapine and its N-demethyl metabolite collected from the patient urine sample were confirmed by mass spectrometry. The method is sufficiently sensitive (5 ng/ml) and reproducible (CV 2.9%-6.7%) for clinical and pharmacokinetic studies, and preliminary results in these respects are presented.     

丹酰氯柱前衍生仲胺的高效液相色谱-电化学检测方法的研究

立了一种灵敏检测仲胺的新方法。首次以丹酰氯作为仲胺的电化学检测衍生试剂,对分离检测条件、仲胺的衍生条件及电化学定量检测条件作了详细的研究。以甲醇－２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的邻苯二甲酸氢钾缓冲液（７０∶３０,ｐＨ３．３）为淋洗液,采用安培检测器在Ｅ＝＋１．１Ｖ电压条件下,在ＰＥＲＫＩＮ－ＥＬＭＥＲ／ＨＳ－３Ｃ１８（８３ｍｍ×４．６ｍｍｉ．ｄ．,３μｍ）柱上实现了二甲胺、二乙胺和哌啶的良好反相分离和灵敏检测,线性范围超过两个数量级。二甲胺、二乙胺和哌啶的检出限分别为０．０２４,０．６０,０．０９０ｐｇ。     

LC-MS-MS Determination and Pharmacokinetic Study of Clozapine in Human Plasma

A sensitive and selective liquid chromatographic method coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was established and validated for the determination and pharmacokinetic study of clozapine in human plasma. Ethyl acetate extraction was used for plasma sample preparation with mirtazapine as internal standard. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Hanbon Kromasil C₁₈ (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column by isocratic elution with a mixture of 70 volumes of methanol and 30 volumes of water containing 0.2% ammonium acetate and 0.1% formic acid as mobile phase delivered at 1.0 mL min^?1. The MS-MS detection was carried out on a tandem mass spectrometer using positive electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring with argon for collision-induced dissociation. The ion transitions were monitored as follows: m/z 327 to m/z 270 for clozapine and m/z 266 to m/z 195 for the internal standard (mirtazapine), respectively. Calibration curves were generated over the concentration range from 0.10 to 200 ng mL^?1 with the lower limit of quantification of 0.10 ng mL^?1, and two segments of linear calibration curves were established by regressing in the way of least-square in the range from 0.10 to 5.0 and 5.0 to 200 ng mL^?1, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were determined at three different concentration levels, 0.20, 10.0 and 100 ng mL^?1, and were all better than 15% (n = 5). This specific and sensitive liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry has been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of clozapine after a single oral dose of 25 mg in healthy Chinese volunteers.     

Development and validation of an HPLC‐UV method for the simultaneous determination of the antipsychotics clozapine,olanzapine and quetiapine,several beta‐blockers and their metabolites

A simple, accurate and selective column‐switching high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of six beta ‐blockers (metoprolol, timolol, bisoprolol, propranolol, carvedilol and nebivolol), three of their metabolites (α ‐hydroxy metoprolol, N‐ desisopropyl propranolol and 4′‐hydroxy carvedilol 4‐HCAR), three antipsychotics (olanzapine, clozapine and quetiapine) and three of their metabolites (N‐ desmethyl olanzapine, N‐ desmethyl clozapine and N‐ desalkyl quetiapine) in human serum. After pretreatment on a Merck LiChrospher RP‐4 ADS column (25 μm), drugs were separated on a Phenomenex Gemini Phenyl Hexyl 110 A column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using a gradient mixture of acetonitrile and potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer pH 3.1 (containing 10% methanol) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The total analysis time was 40 min. For detection of the analytes, four different UV wavelengths were used: 215, 226, 242 and 299 nm. The method was validated according to the guidelines of the Society of Toxicology and Forensic Chemistry in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision and stability and successfully applied for the analysis of the 15 described analytes in human serum.     

反相高效液相色谱法对八种吡嗪类化合物保留性能的研究

在Ｓｐｈｅｒｉｓｏｒｂ－Ｃ（１８）反相柱上,以甲醇－水为流动相,对八种吡嗪类化合物的保留性能进行了考察。同时用不同浓度下的冲洗剂所得保留值和关系式ｌｎｋ＇＝ａ＋ｃＣｂ中的参数ａ、ｃ作线性关系,得到很好的相关性。流动相中不同的无机盐及微量有机胺类改性剂的加入,可有效地改进分离。当甲醇：０．２ｍｌ／ＬＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲液（ｐＨ４．５）：三乙胺为４０：５９：１（Ｖ／Ｖ）时,除两种同分异构体不能分离外,所有组分在２５ｍｉｎ内可实现较理想的分离。     

High-performance liquid chromatography of biphenols and bis (hydroxyphenyl) propanes (dianes) with voltammetric and UV photometric detection

Summary The retention behaviour of mono- and dihydroxy derivatives of biphenol and bis(hydroxyphenyl)propanes was studied on chemically bonded C-18, CN-, phenyl, phenoxypropyl- and NH₂ stationary phases and on silica gel. The effects of the mobile phase, i.e., of the methanol content, the ionic strength, pH and the contents of cationic and anionic ion-pairing agents on the retention data were investigated. In the reversed-phase systems, all the substances are satisfactorily separated except for 3- and 4-hydroxybiphenyl; these isomers can be separated on silica gel, using a mixture of heptane and propanol as the mobile phase. Sodium dodecylsulphate, present at concentrations higher than the critical micelle concentration (about 10⁻² M, depending on the methanol content), causes a decrease in the retention times and an improvement in the separation. UV absorption spectra, calibration curves and the detection limit values were obtained at two wavelengths and at various salt concentrations in the mobile phase. Hydrodynamic voltammograms of the solutes were measured in a carbon fibre detector and the calibration curves and detection limit values were measured at the optimal voltage (+1.2 V/Ag/AgCl) as a function of the mobile phase composition. For most test substances voltammetric detection is two to three times more sensitive than UV detection. The combination of a UV and a voltammetric detector in series has been utilized to identify the products of microbial degradation of biphenyl.     

反相键合相高效液相色谱法分离测定萘普生

 建立了分离测定萘普生和溴代萘普生的反相键合相高效液相色谱法。采用ＯＤＳ柱，以添加５０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ乳酸并用高氯酸调节ｐＨ为２．５的８０％甲醇－水溶液作为流动相，以苯甲酸为内标物，测定了不对称合成工艺产物中萘普生和溴代萘普生的含量。方法的准确度分别为９９．８３％～１０２．０７％（萘普生）和９９．０％～１００．８３％（溴代萘普生），相对标准偏差分别小于２．５８％（萘普生）和３．６４％（溴代萘普生）。方法可用于工艺条件的选择和质量检测。