顺丁烯二酸二乙酯与正构烷烃二元溶液在临界区的关联长度和渗透压缩系数

测量了顺丁烯二酸二乙酯与正庚烷、正辛烷、正壬烷和正癸烷二元溶液在临界区域不同波长及温度下的浊度。与关联长度、渗透压缩系数、共存曲线相关的三个指前因子(χ~0,ξ~0,B)的比例关系为:R=ξ~0[B^2/(4k~BT~cχ~0)]^1^/^3(k~B和T~c分别为玻尔兹曼常数与临界温度),R的理论值为0.65-0.67。临界指数γ,ν和β服从指数和规则:3ν=2β+γ。用上述两个关系式及Ornstein-Zernike方程拟合浊度-温度-波长数据,得到γ与ν,在误差范围内与理论值一致。将γ与ν固定在理论值1.241和0.63,得到ξ~0和χ~0,结果表明ξ~0和χ~0可分别由ξ~0Φ~c^0^.^8^5∝M^n和χ~0Φ~c^-^1^.^2^0∝M^g表示(Φ是顺丁烯二酸二乙酯的临界体积分数,M是正构烷烃的摩尔质量),其中n=0.22±0.03,g=-0.07±0.09和我们最近提出的理论值0.18和-0.06吻合。     

顺丁烯二酸二乙酯与正构烷烃二元溶液在临界区的关联长度和渗 透压缩系数

测量了顺丁烯二酸二乙酯与正庚烷、正辛烷、正壬烷和正癸烷二元溶液在临界区域不同波长及温度下的浊度。与关联长度、渗透压缩系数、共存曲线相关的三个指前因子(χ~0,ξ~0,B)的比例关系为:R=ξ~0[B^2/(4k~BT~cχ~0)]^1^/^3(k~B和T~c分别为玻尔兹曼常数与临界温度),R的理论值为0.65-0.67。临界指数γ,ν和β服从指数和规则:3ν=2β+γ。用上述两个关系式及Ornstein-Zernike方程拟合浊度-温度-波长数据,得到γ与ν,在误差范围内与理论值一致。将γ与ν固定在理论值1.241和0.63,得到ξ~0和χ~0,结果表明ξ~0和χ~0可分别由ξ~0Φ~c^0^.^8^5∝M^n和χ~0Φ~c^-^1^.^2^0∝M^g表示(Φ是顺丁烯二酸二乙酯的临界体积分数,M是正构烷烃的摩尔质量),其中n=0.22±0.03,g=-0.07±0.09和我们最近提出的理论值0.18和-0.06吻合。     

有机同系物表面张力递变规律研究

以有机同系物结构重复单元数值连续变化为模型,获得了描述有机同系物表面张力递变规律的数学表达式：σ＝（α0＋α1n＋α2n^2）／（1＋b2n^2）,其中α0,α1,α2,b2均为常数,n为结构重复单元数值,σ为同系物的表面张力,通过非线性回归分析,得到回归方程,结果表明,各类有机同系物的表达张力与重复单元数值满足上述关系式,均显示优良的相关性。     

熔融氯化钇-氯化钾体系的表面张力和密度

用最大气泡压力法连续测定了氯化钇-氯化钾体系在1048～1248K下的表面张力和密度。表面张力随温度的升高而减小。在约60mol％氯化钇处与用Guggenheim方程计算的理论值比较出现最大的负偏差。熔盐的表面张力γ(mN/m)与氯化钇的摩尔分数x和温度T(K)的关系式为:γ=176.93-49.89x-3.16x~2+15.33x~3-(0.074-0.022x)T。本试验得到的密度值与用阿基米德法得到的数值很接近。根据表面张力和密度的数据分析,在氯化钇-氯化钾熔体中可能形成钇氯络离子。     

非电解质聚合物与烷基硫酸钠同系物间团簇化临界浓度的变化规律

用表面张力 (γ)法研究了非电解质聚合物聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 (PVP)或聚乙二醇 (PEG)与烷基硫酸纳同系物中十四烷基硫酸钠 (SMS)、十二烷基硫酸钠 (SDS)及十烷基硫酸钠 (SDeS)间团簇化临界浓度的变化规律 .上述软物质团簇的γ lgc曲线均具有双拐点即拟双平台特征 ,表明在双拐点之间非电解质聚合物与烷基硫酸钠形成软物质团簇 .对应于双拐点有两个表面活性剂临界浓度值c1 和c2 ,且符合c1 相似文献   

双子表面活性剂溶液的表面活性的研究

研究了阳离子型双子表面活性剂,二溴化-N,N'-二(二甲基烷基)乙(已)二铵,以及它们与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)复配体系的表面活性,测定上述体系的平衡态表面张力。结果表明：双子表面活性剂的表面活性大大高于十二烷基三甲溴化铵(DTAB);对于两种双子表面活性剂,其表面活性和表面张力时间效应受其联接基团的影响远大于其烷基链的影响。双子表面活性剂与SDAB复配,其协同效应不如DTAB。动表面张力测定得到它们的各种参：t~i,t~m,γ~m,t*和n等值,结果表面双子表面活性剂的瞬时活性也高于DTAB。     

乙烷氟氯衍生物常压沸点与结构之间的定量关系

构建了一个新的自相关拓扑指数0 Lk,并研究了乙烷氟氯衍生物的常压沸点Tb 与其基团零价自相关指数0 Lk 之间的定量关系 ,给出了相关方程 ,相关系数 (R =0 .96 33)为良好级 .估算的 36个乙烷氟氯衍生物的常压沸点与实验值相吻合 .还对一些没有常压沸点的乙烷氟氯衍生物进行了预测 ,预测的沸点数据指出CHF2 CHF2是CFC3 可能的代用品     

DEA-CO2水溶液的表面张力研究

用全自动表面张力仪测定了293.15～323.15 K温度范围内,具有不同CO2载荷的二乙醇胺(Diethanolamine,DEA)水溶液的表面张力,提出了适宜表达DEA-CO2水溶液表面张力的热力学模型,计算结果与实验值吻合良好.在实验测定和理论计算的基础上,阐明了温度、DEA浓度和CO2载荷对DEA-CO2水溶液表面张力的影响规律.     

Ni含量及预硫化对NiW/γ-Al2O3催化剂上噻吩加氢脱硫反应活性的影响

 采用连续流动微反装置考察了活性组分Ni／（Ni＋W）原子比及\r\n预硫化条件对NiW／γ－Al2O3催化剂噻吩加氢脱硫（HDS）反应活性的\r\n影响．用X射线光电子能谱和电镜微区元素分析方法对硫化态催化剂进\r\n行了表征．结果表明，催化剂的组成、硫化方法、硫化度和反应条件等\r\n都能影响NiW／γ－Al2O3催化剂的HDS反应活性．对于在较低温度（30\r\n0℃）下硫化的催化剂，当反应温度较低（260～290℃）时，最佳Ni／\r\n（Ni＋W）原子比为0．50，而当反应温度较高（330～360℃）时，最佳\r\nNi／（Ni＋W）原子比为0．23．当催化剂在300～450℃下硫化时，其噻\r\n吩HDS反应活性随硫化温度升高而增大，表明硫化度较高的催化剂具有\r\n较高的HDS反应活性．     

氢同位素在线分析用MnCl2\γ-Al2O3色谱填料的制备与性能

吸附活性太强的γ-Al2 O3将导致氢同位素各组分保留时间延长、色谱峰拖尾、选择性差异不明显,从而无法满足快速在线分析需求.为此,采用锰盐浸渍沉积法改性γ-Al2O3,制备了一种可在液氮温度下分析氢同位素的MnCl2\γ-Al2O3色谱填料,并对其形貌、比表面积、孔径、孔体积、吸附性能及氢氘分离性能进行研究.与改性前的...     

毛细管柱气相色谱法测定液化石油气中二甲醚含量

建立毛细管柱气相色谱法测定液化石油气中二甲醚含量的分析方法。采用静止进样法直接进样,用PLOT–Q毛细管色谱柱进行分离,以FID检测器进行检测,外标法进行定量分析。液化石油气中二甲醚的含量(体积分数)在0%~20.0%范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好线性关系,线性相关系数r=0.999 9,方法检出限为0.05%(体积分数),测定结果的相对标准偏差小于5%(n=6),回收率在98.2%~102.9%之间。该方法与校正面积归一法测定结果相一致。该方法准确、快速、简便,适用于液化石油气中二甲醚含量的检测。     

Capillary constant and surface tension of methane-nitrogen solutions: 1. Experiment

The differential version of the method of capillary rise has been used to measure the capillary constant and calculate the surface tension of methane-nitrogen solutions. Experiments have been conducted in the temperature range from 95 to 170 K at pressures up to 4 MPa. Experimental data on surface tension have been compared with the results of calculations by thermodynamic models. Equations are given which describe the dependence of the capillary constant of a solution on its temperature and composition.     

Measurement of the surface tension of liquid marbles

The capillary rise and Wilhelmy plate methods have been used to study the "surface tension" of water marbles encapsulated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powders of 1-, 35-, and 100-μm particle size. With the capillary rise technique, a glass capillary tube was inserted into a water marble to measure the capillary rise of the water. The Laplace pressure exerted by the water marble was directly measured by comparing the heights of the capillary rise from the marble and from a flat water surface in a beaker. An equation based on Marmur's model was proposed to calculate the water marble surface tension. This method does not require the water contact angle with the supporting solid surface to be considered; it is therefore a simple but efficient method for determining liquid marble surface tension. The Wilhelmy method was used to measure the surface tension of a flat water surface covered by PTFE powder. This method offers a new angle for investigating liquid marble shell properties. A discussion on the nature and the realistic magnitude of liquid marble surface tension is offered.     

Surface tension of pentafluoroethane + 1,1-difluoroethane from (243 to 328) K

The surface tension of the binary refrigerant mixture pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) + 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a) was measured in the temperature range from (243 to 328) K with a differential capillary rise method, for three compositions around the composition of the optimum refrigeration performance (HFC-125 + HFC152a, 15%/85%). The uncertainties of the measurement of the temperature and the surface tension were estimated to be within ±10 mK and ±0.2 mN m⁻¹, respectively. A correlation for the surface tension of the binary refrigerant mixture HFC-152a + HFC-125 was developed as a function of the composition.     

Simultaneous measurement of contact angle and surface tension using axisymmetric drop-shape analysis-no apex (ADSA-NA)

Axisymmetric drop-shape analysis-no apex (ADSA-NA) is a recent drop-shape method that allows the simultaneous measurement of contact angles and surface tensions of drop configurations without an apex (i.e., a sessile drop with a capillary protruding into the drop). Although ADSA-NA significantly enhanced the accuracy of contact angle and surface tension measurements compared to that of original ADSA using a drop with an apex, it is still not as accurate as a surface tension measurement using a pendant drop suspended from a holder. In this article, the computational and experimental aspects of ADSA-NA were scrutinized to improve the accuracy of the simultaneous measurement of surface tensions and contact angles. It was found that the results are relatively insensitive to different optimization methods and edge detectors. The precision of contact angle measurement was enhanced by improving the location of the contact points of the liquid meniscus with the solid substrate to subpixel resolution. To optimize the experimental design, the capillary was replaced with an inverted sharp-edged pedestal, or holder, to control the drop height and to ensure the axisymmetry of the drops. It was shown that the drop height is the most important experimental parameter affecting the accuracy of the surface tension measurement, and larger drop heights yield lower surface tension errors. It is suggested that a minimum nondimensional drop height (drop height divided by capillary length) of 1.7 is required to reach an error of less than 0.2 mJ/m(2) for the measured surface tension. As an example, the surface tension of water was measured to be 72.46 ± 0.04 at 24 °C by ADSA-NA, compared to 72.39 ± 0.01 mJ/m(2) obtained with pendant drop experiments.     

Surface tension of diethyl carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane and diethyl adipate

The surface tension was investigated with a differential capillary rise method in the temperature range from 273 to 373 K for diethyl carbonate, 278 to 373 K for 1,2-dimethoxyethane, and 293 to 373 K for diethyl adipate, respectively. The uncertainties of the temperature and surface tension were estimated to be within ±10 mK and ±0.2 mN m⁻¹, respectively. A surface tension correlation was developed as a function of temperature with the experimental data, and the average absolute deviations were 0.04, 0.07 and 0.09 mN m⁻¹ for diethyl carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane and diethyl adipate, respectively.     

Surface tension measurements of imidazolium-based ionic liquids at liquid–vapor equilibrium

A series of high quality 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids are synthesized and used for studying their surface tension. The capillary rise method is used for measuring the surface tension of I⁻, Cl⁻, PF₆⁻, and BF₄⁻ salts in the temperature range 298–393 K. The capillary apparatus is evacuated and sealed under vacuum. The experimental results show that surface tension of these compounds depend systematically on temperature.     

探针型表面张力测试技术的应用研究进展

表面张力是流体重要的物理性质,测定液体表面张力的方法通常包括毛细管上升法、最大气泡压力法、吊环法/吊片法、滴重法/滴体积法、旋滴法和悬滴法。本文综述了测定界面处表(界)面张力和表面压力的方法,详细介绍了基于最大拉力法(Whilhemy吊片法)改进的表面张力测试技术(Du Noüy-Padday),并且概述了这一技术近些年在生物研究、药物研发以及环境监测等领域方面的最新应用。     

毛细管气相色谱法分析液化石油气中二甲醚

建立了液化石油气中二甲醚的毛细管气相色谱分析方法.利用丙酮作为溶剂吸收液化石油气中二甲醚,采用HP-1毛细管色谱柱进行分离,以氢火焰离子化检测器检测,外标法进行定量分析.二甲醚的体积分数在0.5%～30.0%范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好线性关系,二甲醚的定量下限为0.2%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.3%～7.3%(n=6...     

蓖麻油酸甲酯乙氧基化物水溶液的动态表面张力

用最大气泡压力法分别测定了不同环氧乙烷(EO)加合数(10、12、14、16、20)的蓖麻油酸甲酯乙氧基化物(ECAME)水溶液的动态表面张力(DST)。考察了浓度、温度和无机电解质对DST的影响,探讨了不同浓度时DST参数(动态表面张力特性参数n,平衡时间t^*,曲线最大斜率R_1/2)的变化规律。结果表明,随着EO数由10增加到20,DST不断增大;随着浓度由0.5×10^-5 mol/L增加到10×10^-5 mol/L,n由3.02减小到1.05,t^*值由14.45减小到2.29,R_1/2由0.43增大到6.44,则动态表面活性增大,DST降低;随着温度由25 ℃升高至45 ℃,DST降低;吸附初期DST曲线随无机电解质浓度的增大而升高,吸附后期DST曲线随无机电解质浓度的增大而降低。和常规的脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物(FMEE)相比,ECAME的动态表面活性更加优异,这为开拓ECAME的应用指明了新的方向。