天然气吸附剂的开发及其储气性能的研究——Ⅰ-吸附剂制备与体积法评定吸附剂的储气性能

报道了天然气吸附剂的基本制备技术,并采用体积法评定了吸附剂的储气性能。结果表明,采用作者开发的吸附剂制备工艺可获得性能优良的天然气吸附剂。以木质素为原料制备的粉状吸附剂,其比表面积可达２９１２ｍ２／ｇ,微孔体积可达１－４８ｃｍ３／ｇ,平均孔径为１－４８ｎｍ ,堆密度为０－３０ｇ／ｃｍ３ 。在６－０ＭＰａ、２５ ℃下,天然气的吸附储存量可达到１４０Ｖ／Ｖ。天然气吸附剂的储气性能与其比表面、微孔数量、填充密度等参数有重要关系     

天然气吸附剂的开发及其储气性能的研究：Ⅰ.吸附剂制备与体积 …

报道了天然气吸附剂的基本制备技术,并采用体积法评定了吸附剂的储气性能。结果表明,采用作者开发的吸附剂制备工艺可获得性能优良的天然气吸附剂。以木质素为原料制备的粉状吸附剂,其比表面积可达２９１２ｍ＾２／ｇ,微孔体积可达１．４８ｃｍ＾３／ｇ,平均孔径为１．４８ｎｍ,堆密度为０．３０ｇ／ｃｍ＾３。在６．０ＭＰａ、２５℃下,天然气的吸附储存量可达到１４０Ｖ／Ｖ。天然气吸附剂的储气性能与其比表面,微孔数量,     

高硫石油焦制备高储气性能天然气吸附剂

以高硫石油焦为原料，KOH为活化剂，十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）为表面活性剂制备天然气吸附剂，分析了高硫焦基吸附剂的孔结构和孔分布特征，讨论了高硫焦制备吸附剂的活化机理。结果表明，预活化中加入表面活性剂SDBS可提高KOH与原料的混合均匀度，对活化效果有利。最优活化条件下制备的吸附剂样品GSR3和GSR4的微孔容积分别达到1.0985cm3·g－1 和1.3193cm3·g－1，孔径分布集中在0.9nm~1.5nm；在25℃、充放气压力3.5MPa和0.1MPa下，GSR3、GSR4对甲烷的质量吸附量分别达到0.139和0.145，有效体积脱附量达到111和115。粉体高硫焦基吸附剂的性能非常接近于低硫焦基吸附剂。     

大孔吸附剂对洋地黄强心甙吸附性能的研究

从７种大孔吸附树脂中筛选出ＨＡ－２型和ＨＡ－３型２种吸附剂，考察它们对洋地黄强心甙－地高辛具有较好的吸附性能。测定了该２种大孔吸附剂的比表面积、孔容及平均孔径，讨论了地高辛溶液的浓度、ｐＨ值等条件对吸附容量和吸附率的影响。     

变温镁基CO_2吸附剂的制备及应用I.Na/Mg物质的量比

以Mg(NO3)2和Na2CO3为原料,采用正加沉淀法制备镁基CO2吸附剂,利用XRD、SEM-EDS和DTG等方法对吸附剂进行了表征,研究了n(Na)/n(Mg)比对吸附剂的物质组成、形貌和分解温度的影响;在此基础上,通过变温吸附脱附动态循环实验考察了不同吸附剂的CO2吸附性能。实验结果表明,当n(Na)/n(Mg)为8.15时,吸附剂颗粒粒径小、大小均匀、分解温度低,吸附容量达到9.584%(质量分数);经过20次变温吸附脱附循环后,吸附能力仍保持初始吸附量的95.8%,表现出良好的稳定性。     

石墨烯基吸附剂的设计及其对水中抗生素的去除

抗生素的大量使用,所带来的环境污染问题受到广泛关注。吸附法因去除效率高、普遍适用性强,呈现出广阔的应用前景,开发新型吸附剂是高效能吸附处理的关键。近年来石墨烯优良的物理和化学性质以及吸附性能,使其成为重要的抗生素吸附剂。由于石墨烯自身的局限性以及对石墨烯吸附剂处理效能和稳定性的要求,基于石墨烯设计开发了多种石墨烯基吸附材料。而目前基于水体中抗生素的石墨烯基复合材料的设计、合成及其吸附作用机制缺乏相关的系统性综述。本文综述了目前水体中抗生素的危害,针对石墨烯基复合吸附材料中,广泛关注的磁性石墨烯吸附剂、聚合物/石墨烯吸附剂、三维石墨烯凝胶和石墨烯/生物炭吸附剂的设计和制备方法进行了总结和概述,并阐述了石墨烯基吸附材料对水体中抗生素的主要吸附作用机制。最后,本文对石墨烯基吸附材料去除水体中抗生素未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

寡肽吸附剂的制备及吸附机理

为清除尿毒症患者血清中分离出的八肽VVRGCTWW(V8), 制备了不同间隔臂长含苯环的吸附剂Phenc. 吸附实验结果显示, 吸附剂Phe3c具有非常好的吸附能力. 采用NMR和分子模拟技术对吸附剂的模型体系的吸附机理进行了研究. 结果显示, 配体中的苯环可与八肽形成π-π堆积, 而且间隔臂的增长可以克服空间位阻效应, 有效增加配体与V8的作用几率, 进而增强吸附剂与八肽的相互作用. 研究结果表明, 采用合理的分子模型及分子对接方法, 不仅可以合理解释吸附剂的吸附机理, 而且可用于吸附剂的虚拟筛选.     

新型交联甲壳糖吸附树脂对胆红素的吸附性能研究

以天然甲壳素为原料合成了珠状高分子吸附剂，研究了吸附剂在磷酸二氢钠和磷酸氢二钠缓冲溶液中对非结合型胆红素的吸附性能，实验结果表明：交联甲壳糖吸附树脂对非结合型胆红素很好的吸附效果。     

负载二氧化锰球形吸附剂的制备及锂吸附性质的研究

将粉末状无机吸附剂MnO_2分散负载于交联聚丙烯酰胺,制成了球形吸附剂。以静态法和柱式法用LiOH(0.1mol/L),LiCl(0.1mol/L)混合溶液和实际盐湖卤水研究了吸附剂对Li~+的吸附性。对LiOH、LiCl等摩尔混合溶液和大柴旦湖水,锂吸附容量分别为5.90和3.40mmol/gMnO_2·HCl溶液(0.25mol/l)可将被吸附的锂近于完全洗脱,同时将吸附剂再生以重新使用。     

新型空气取水复合吸附剂在沙漠气候下的吸附性能实验研究

提出了一种由粗孔球形硅胶和氯化钙组成的新型复合吸附剂SiO2穢H2O穣CaCl2。介绍了这种吸附剂的配制方法,分析了它吸附湿空气中水蒸气的原理。模拟我国塔克拉玛干沙漠地区高温干燥的气候特点:在空气温度恒为35℃、相对湿度为30%的条件下,对不同CaCl2含量的复合吸附剂和粗孔球形硅胶、细孔球形硅胶、分子筛13X进行了吸附解吸对比实验。实验表明,这种复合吸附剂的平衡吸附量we最大可达0.263kg H2O/kg干吸附剂,是粗孔球形硅胶的5.6倍、细孔球形硅胶的3.4倍、分子筛13X的1.17倍。通过对比分析它们的吸附解吸速度曲线表明,这种复合吸附剂的吸附量大、吸附速度快、解吸速度快。这种复合吸附剂在解吸温度80℃,可解吸97%以上的吸附量。因此,可用太阳能加热解吸,是一种理想的取水用吸附剂。     

天然气吸附存储技术的研究进展

综述了天然气吸附存储技术的研究现状及其发展趋势。参考文献48篇。     

模拟烟气气氛下矿物元素组分对砷的吸附特性研究

利用气相砷吸附反应实验装置,研究了300-900℃条件下CaO、Fe₂O₃、MgO、Al₂O₃、K₂SO₄及钙铁混合吸附剂在模拟烟气气氛下的As₂O₃（g）吸附特性。结果表明,在五种单元素吸附剂中,CaO的吸附能力最强,K₂SO₄最弱;随着温度升高,CaO的吸附量先增加,在700℃时略微下降后又增加,Fe₂O₃的吸附量先增加后减少,MgO、Al₂O₃、K₂SO₄的吸附量一直增加;三种比例的钙铁混合吸附剂的吸附效果的实验值相比计算值至少提高了92%,Ca：Fe比为3：1时,吸附效果最好,达到7.91 mg/g。混合后烧结反应导致表面结构改变是吸附效果提升的重要原因。     

低活化比制备天然气吸附剂： 活化助剂提高吸附剂性能

以石油焦为原料、KOH为主活化剂,在低活化比m_KOH∶m_C＝2∶1下制备吸附剂,考察了活化助剂KNO₃、NaNO₃、Mg(NO₃)₂、Ni(NO₃)₂和HJ对吸附剂储气性能的影响,对活化助剂提高吸附剂性能的机理进行了分析。结果表明,活化物料中加入适量助剂KNO₃、Mg(NO₃)₂、Ni(NO₃)₂或HJ能显著提高吸附剂性能,HJ与Mg(NO₃)₂、Ni(NO₃)₂协同活化的效果最好。其中,Mg(NO₃)₂、HJ加入量均为10 %（助剂与石油焦质量分数）下制备的吸附剂样品在25℃、3.5MPa下对甲烷质量吸附量达0.143,有效体积释放量达117.1,性能超过活化比m_KOH∶m_C=3∶1、无助剂下制备的吸附剂。     

Principles of methane adsorption and natural gas storage

The adsorption amount of methane on 16 different kinds of materials at 3.5 MPa and 298 K holds a linear relation with the specific surface area. The linear relationship implies that gases are adsorbed monolayerly on the surface of adsorbents at above-critical temperatures. Determination of surface area and calculation of storage capacity of a material are explicitly discussed. It is indicated that methane storage is different from natural gas storage and the difference affects the development of storage material. Natural gas is a mixture and all components other than methane cannot be desorbed when the tank pressure released to atmospheric at ambient temperature, therefore, a storage mechanism other than adsorption might be more suitable.     

合成天然气水合物实验研究

天然气水合物(NGH)是天然气与水在低温高压条件下形成的笼形物,亦称可燃冰.在冻土带和海洋中已发现大量天然气水合物,是清洁燃料的后续天然资源,但开采技术尚不成熟.由于1m~3天然气水合物在常温下可释放约164m~3的天然气和0.8m~3的水,因此合成天然气水合物,可实现天然气的固态运输,更便于在天然气汽车上的储存.本文介绍天然气水合物的基本性质及其人工合成研究取得的进展.     

Dye and its removal from aqueous solution by adsorption: A review

In this review article the authors presented up to-date development on the application of adsorption in the removal of dyes from aqueous solution. This review article provides extensive literature information about dyes, its classification and toxicity, various treatment methods, and dye adsorption characteristics by various adsorbents. One of the objectives of this review article is to organise the scattered available information on various aspects on a wide range of potentially effective adsorbents in the removal of dyes. Therefore, an extensive list of various adsorbents such as natural materials, waste materials from industry, agricultural by-products, and biomass based activated carbon in the removal of various dyes has been compiled here. Dye bearing waste treatment by adsorption using low cost alternative adsorbent is a demanding area as it has double benefits i.e. water treatment and waste management. Further, activated carbon from biomass has the advantage of offering an effected low cost replacement for non-renewable coal based granular activated carbon provided that they have similar or better adsorption on efficiency. The effectiveness of various adsorbents under different physico-chemical process parameters and their comparative adsorption capacity towards dye adsorption has also been presented. This review paper also includes the affective adsorption factors of dye such as solution pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature. The applicability of various adsorption kinetic models and isotherm models for dye removal by wide range of adsorbents is also reported here. Conclusions have been drawn from the literature reviewed and few suggestions for future research are proposed.     

介孔气体吸附剂

介孔二氧化硅经过表面修饰,赋予介孔材料不同的特性,具有很多的潜在用途,是无机材料研究的热点之一。本文综述了近年来以介孔二氧化硅（M41S 和 SBA）为载体设计的气体吸附剂的研究进展。详细讨论了二氧化碳和可挥发性有机物(VOCs)在介孔吸附剂上的吸附过程;介绍了二氧化碳介孔吸附剂的不同制备方法和影响二氧化碳在介孔吸附剂上吸附的因素,以及介孔吸附剂的结构对可挥发性有机物吸附过程的影响。最后,对介孔气体吸附剂的发展进行了展望。     

Estimation of the energetic nonhomogeneity of the surface of oxide and carbon materials

The molecular statistical method for evaluating the distribution of active sites of various adsorbents relative to their energies has been improved. This method is used not only for the treatment of experimental data on the adsorption of hydrocarbons on various adsorbents, which is the usual procedure, but also data on the adsorption of polar water and methanol molecules on the active sites of adsorbent surfaces. Two types of active sites differing in energy have been shown to exist on the surface of graphitized carbon black, the complex shungite carbon/mineral adsorbent, and modified Silochrom. Chromatographic, calorimetric, and structural adsorption data were used to establish the relationship between the observed maxima of the energy distribution function of the adsorption sites with concrete adsorption sites or pores of the surface, on which the molecules are adsorbed. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 44, No. 5, pp. 315–320, September–October, 2008.     

Gas chromatographic analysis of the products of catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia

The behavior of small amounts of nitric oxide in the presence of ammonia and excess oxygen on adsorbents of different textures was studied by gas chromatography. A scheme for the gas chromatographic analyses of the products of catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia and the catalytic oxidation of ammonia by oxygen was suggested. The scheme makes it possible to prevent chemical reactions between components of the gas mixture analyzed during the accumulation of the products and their analysis, to exclude the partial or complete adsorption of NO on microporous adsorbents, and to monitor the content of components at a level of 500 ppm and lower.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2508–2513, October, 1996.     

Bilirubin Removal by Polymeric Adsorbents for Hyperbilirubinemia Therapy

Hyperbilirubinemia, presenting as jaundice, is a life-threatening critical illness in newborn babies and acute severe hepatic failure patients. Over the past few decades, extracorporeal hemoadsorption by adsorbent therapy has been widely applied in the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. The capability of hemoadsorption depends on the adsorbents. Most of the clinically used bilirubin adsorbents are made up of styrene/divinylbenzene copolymer and quaternary ammonium salt, which usually have poor biocompatibility and weak mechanical strength. To overcome the drawbacks of commercial polymer adsorbents, advanced synthetic and natural polymers with/without nanomaterials have been designed, and novel adsorbent fabrication technologies have also been developed. In this review, the adsorption mechanism of bilirubin adsorbents has been summarized, which is the basic criterion in adsorbent development. Furthermore, the preparation method, adsorption mechanism, relative merits and practicability of the emerging bilirubin adsorbents have been evaluated. Based on the existing studies, this work highlights the future direction of the efforts on how to design and develop bilirubin adsorbents with good overall clinical performance. Perhaps this study can change traditional perspectives and propose new strategies for bilirubin clearance from the aspects of pathogenic mechanisms, metabolic pathways, and material-based innovation.