电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定包装饮用水中15种元素

建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定包装饮用水中15种元素含量.利用在线内标校正,消除质谱干扰,样品经过膜过滤、酸化后直接测定.包装饮用水中15种元素的质量浓度在10～100μg/L内与质谱响应值线性良好,相关系数均不小于0.9990,检出限为0.0001～0.0524μg/L,样品加标回收率为93.2％～104.2％,相对...     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定北京市水样中的邻苯二甲酸酯

研究了使用毛细管柱（OV-1701）分离、FID作为检测器的气相色谱法测定水中5种邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）[邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）,邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯（BBP）,邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）,邻苯二甲酸二环己酯（DCHP）]的色谱条件。5种PAEs检出限在0．1～0．3μg／L之间,所测PAEs的质量浓度在0．5～100μg／L范围内,RSD在2．2％～3．3％之间,各物质校正曲线（质量浓度与峰面积）的相关系数在0．9970～0．9993之间。利用固相萃取技术萃取水中PAEs,回收率在82．5％～110．5％之间,RSD在1．1％～4．0％之间。北京市吴家村污水处理厂4个采样点中邻苯二甲酸酯浓度在（0．7～193．3）μg／L之间。北京市南护城河的3个采样点中邻苯二甲酸酯浓度在（0．1～241．8）μg／L之间。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定水中砷和锑

建立在硝酸介质中用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定水中砷和锑的方法。优化了仪器工作条件、酸度、硼氢化钾及还原剂浓度。砷、锑的线性范围为0～10．0μg／L;检出限分别为0．02,0．01μg／L;测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为1．77％～3．72％,2．95％～4．87％（n=6）;加标回收率分别为98％106％,96％105％。该法操作简便,灵敏度高,快速,便于推广,适用于水中砷和锑的同时测定。     

大体积直接进样离子色谱法测定饮用水中痕量溴酸盐

建立了一种无需样品前处理,直接大体积进样,电导检测饮用水中痕量溴酸盐的离子色谱新方法。分析柱为容量高、亲水性强的Dionex IonPac AS19阴离子交换柱,EG40在线产生KOH淋洗液,等浓度泵作梯度淋洗。该方法对溴酸盐的检出限为0．2μg／L;在1～100μg/L范围内具有良好的线性（r=0．9996）。将该方法用于北京市自来水和市售瓶装水样品中痕量溴酸盐的检测,实际样品的加标回收率在90％～106％之间;1μg／L溴酸盐连续进样10次,相对标准偏差（RSD）为5．7％。     

断续流动-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定木材中砷含量

采用断续流动进样氢化物发生，原子荧光光谱法测定木材中砷含量，确定了仪器的最佳工作条件，考察了酸度、预还原剂和还原剂用量和栽流流速的影响以及共存元素的干扰情况。在选定的测定条件下，砷的检出限为0．5μg／L，相对标准偏差为1．7％，回收率为95．8％～102．0％。     

萃取富集-火焰原子吸收法测定环境水中铜、锌、铅、镉

用2-琉基苯并噻唑／醋酸丁酯pH7～8萃取体系，预浓集以后，用火焰原子吸收测定环境水中癌量Cu，Zn，Cd、Pb，回收率在95％～105％，相对标准偏差为2％～5％（x=6)，植出限为Cu0．2μg／L，Zn0．08μg／L、Cd0．03μg／L、Pb0．8μg／L。     

ICP—MS法测定桐油中的重金属元素

目的建立桐油中重金属元素的电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP—MS）检测方法。方法采用硝酸、双氧水、高氯酸消解法处理样品,用ICP—MS测定桐油中的12种重金属元素。结果12种重金属元素的检出限在0．0008—0．4746μg／L之间,样品回收率在88．9％-108．0％,方法精密度（RSD）为0．3％-7．8％。结论方法简便、快速、准确,可作为桐油中重金属元素含量检测方法。     

高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培检测器测定多种基体中痕量碘离的方法

建立了高效阴离子交换色谱脉冲安培检测器（HPAEC—PAD）测定碘离子的方法。以62．5mmol／LNaOH溶液作流动相，选用IonPac AS26型强亲水性阴离子交换分析柱，8min可以分离出碘离子，方法的检出限为0．05μg/L（25μL进样，3倍信噪比），标准曲线的线性范围为0．5—2000μg／L（r=0．9998）。1．0、2．5和25μg/L的碘离子标准溶液各9次进样的相对标准偏差分别为3．8％、2．6％和2．8％。试验了9种常见阴离子、3种易极化阴离子以及3种电化学活性物质对碘离子测定的影响，结果表明，在所选用的色谱条件下上述各化合物均不干扰碘离子的测定。用所建立的方法测定了盐水、矿泉水、海水、芹菜汁和紫菜浸提液等样品中碘离子含量，加标回收率在83％-114％。该方法具有灵敏度高、干扰小和样品前处理简单等优点。     

高纯金属镱中杂质元素的电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP—MS)直接测定了金属镱中除Tm、Lu外其他稀土及非稀土杂质元素;通过P507萃淋树脂色层柱,分离绝大部分Yb基体,避免了基体元素对Tm、Lu的测定干扰?定量加入内标元素Sc、Cs,有效克服了基体效应所带来的偏差。稀土杂质元素的检出限0．010～0．032μg／g,非稀土杂质元素的检出限为0.12～5．0μg／g。加标回收率为83％～105％。方法适用于纯度为99．99％～99．999％的高纯金属镱产品中杂质元素的测定。     

反胶束萃取-高效液相色谱法测定磺酸型偶氮染料

建立了水中磺酸偶氮染料甲基橙（MO）、刚果红（CR）和酸性铬兰K（ACBK）的反胶束萃取-离子对高效液相色谱定量检测的方法。采用Hypersil C18柱（250×4．6mm,5μm）,流动相为V（甲醇）／V（水）=63：37（含10mmol／L的KH2PO4、4mmol／L的四丁基溴化铵,KOH调pH=7．0）,流速为0.8mL／min,MO、CR和ACBK检测波长分别为449nm、505nm和526nm。结果表明,染料的回收率为92．9％～102．1％,相对标准偏差为0．9％～2．3％,水中MO、CR和ACBK的检出限分别为0．6μg／L、1．2μg／L和1．3μg／L。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定汽油中微量元素的研究

为建立电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定汽油中V、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、As、Pb等微量元素的分析方法,样品用HNO3微波消解后,试液直接用ICP-MS法测定,详细讨论了仪器工作参数、样品基体的干扰,以Sc、Re作为内标物质,补偿了基体效应,选择适当的待测元素同位素克服了质谱干扰,确定了实验的最佳测定条件。结果表明,8种微量金属元素的检出限在0.001~0.015μg/L之间;线性关系良好,线性相关系数r≥0.999 9;精密度良好,RSD2.78%;回收率在94.0%~106.0%之间;该法准确、快速、简便,应用于汽油中微量元素的测定,结果满意。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离体子质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定畜禽粪便中7种重金属元素

粪便样品干燥、研磨后,称取0.25 g样品,加入8 mL硝酸,采用微波消解方法进行前处理。采用KED模式消除质谱干扰,采用内标校正消除非质谱干扰(Ge作为Cu、Zn、Cr的内标,Bi作为Hg和Pb的内标,Rh作为As和Cd的内标),建立了可同时测定畜禽粪便中Cu、Zn、Cr、As、Cd、Pb、Hg 7种重金属元素的微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法。方法线性相关系数均在0.9995以上,检出限为0.005~0.305μg/L,加标回收率为83.6%~112%,相对标准偏差为0.70%~5.6%。方法灵敏度、准确度和精密度高,实用性强,适用于同时检测畜禽粪便中多种重金属元素,对畜禽粪便的科学还田具有指导意义。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定锡铅焊料中11种微量元素

根据目前市场上常见锡铅焊料中主元素的特性(锡含量范围0.X%~95%,铅含量范围X%~99%),合理选择了有效的样品前处理方法。参考铸造锡铅焊料牌号及化学成分和仪器工作条件,确定了待测元素的测定范围。应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定锡铅焊料中锑、铋、铁、砷、铜、银、锌、铝、镉、磷、金11种元素的含量,方法操作简单。选择了合适的分析谱线,进行了基体元素对待测元素以及各待测元素之间的干扰研究,基体效应小,各待测元素之间基本无干扰,11次独立的测定数据相对标准偏差为1.0%~11.3%,方法的加标回收率为90.2%~105%。完全能满足现实生产中对锡铅焊料杂质元素的测定要求。     

Analysis of polysulfides in drinking water distribution systems using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Sulfide and polysulfides are strong nucleophiles and reducing agents that participate in many environmentally significant processes such as the formation of sulfide minerals and volatile organic sulfur compounds. Their presence in drinking water distribution systems are of particular concern and need to be assessed, since these species consume disinfectants and dissolved oxygen, react with metal ions to produce insoluble metal sulfides, and cause taste and odour problems. The analysis of sulfide and polysulfides in drinking water distribution systems is challenging due to their low concentrations, thermal instability and their susceptibility to undergo oxidation and disproportionation reactions. This paper reports on the development and optimisation of a rapid, simple, and sensitive method for the determination of sulfide and polysulfides in drinking water distribution systems. The method uses methyl iodide to derivatise sulfide and polysulfides into their corresponding dimethyl(poly)sulfides, which are then extracted using solid-phase microextraction in the headspace mode and analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Good sensitivity was achieved for the analysis of dimethyl(poly)sulfides, with detection limits ranging from 50 to 240 ng L⁻¹. The method also demonstrated good precision (repeatability: 3–7%) and good linearity over two orders of magnitude. Matrix effects from raw drinking water containing organic carbon (3.8 mg L⁻¹) and from sediment material from a drinking water distribution system were shown to have no interferences in the analysis of dimethyl(poly)sulfides. The method provides a rapid, robust, and reliable mean to analyse trace levels of sulfides and polysulfides in aqueous systems. The new method described here is more accessible and user-friendly than methods based on closed-loop stripping analysis, which have been traditionally used for the analysis of these compounds. The optimised method was used to analyse samples collected from various locations in a drinking water distribution system. Some of the samples were shown to contain inorganic polysulfides, and their presence was associated with high sediment density in the system and the absence of disinfectant residual in the bulk water.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定二硼化锆中26种杂质

建立微波消解样品,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定二硼化锆中26种杂质元素含量的方法。根据二硼化锆的化学组成对杂质检测的影响,确定了各元素最佳分析线;通过考察不同浓度的锆基体对待测元素的影响来确定最佳锆基体浓度;通过萃取法分离硼元素,消除硼对杂质检测的干扰;采用基体匹配法、多谱拟和技术消除了锆基体的干扰。在选定的仪器工作条件下,各待测元素的质量浓度与信号强度成良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.999。测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于6%(n=11),样品加标回收率为94%~101%。该方法操作简便,测定结果准确,可用于二硼化锆中26种杂质元素的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定固体生物质燃料中重金属

为开展重金属监测及环境保护,本文建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定固体生物质燃料中重金属方法。对样品全消解酸溶法进行了实验研究,确定了微波消解酸体系和微波消解程序。采用Ge和In作为内标元素消除仪器干扰,方法线性关系良好,线性系数>0.999,检出限为0.001～0.089mg/kg。采用标准物质对方法准确性和稳定性进行验证,各元素测定值均在标准证书值范围内,相对标准偏差在0.36%～3.96%,Hg的加标平均回收率为104.7%。通过3家实验室协同实验验证了方法准确性,并给出了方法精密度。     

Ultra‐trace level determination of diquat and paraquat residues in surface and drinking water using ion‐pair liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry: A comparison of direct injection and solid‐phase extraction methods

Direct injection and solid‐phase extraction methods for the determination of diquat and paraquat in surface and drinking water were developed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The signal intensities of analytes based on six ion‐pairing reagents were compared with each other, and 12.5 mM nonafluoropentanoic acid was selected as the best suited amongst them. A clean‐up method was developed using Oasis hydrophilic–lipophilic balance; this was compared to the direct injection method, with respect to limits of detection, interference, precision, and accuracy. Limits of quantification of diquat and paraquat were 0.03 and 0.01 μg/L using the direct injection method, and 0.002 and 0.001 μg/L using the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance method. When the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance method was used to analyze target compounds in 114 surface water and 30 drinking water samples, paraquat and diquat were detected within a concentration range of 0.001–0.12 and 0.002–0.038 μg/L in surface water, respectively. When the direct injection method was used to analyze target compounds in the same samples, the detected concentrations of paraquat and diquat were within 25% in samples being >0.015 μg/L using the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance method. The liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method using direct injection can thus be used for routine monitoring of paraquat and diquat in surface and drinking water.     

-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定硅锰冶炼渣中8种金属元素

实验采用HCl-HNO₃-HF-HClO₄混合酸为消解体系对样品进行前处理,加入1.0 mL盐酸羟胺溶液(100 g/L)溶解残渣,选择合适的同位素,以¹⁰³Rh为内标测定Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn和Cd,以¹⁹³Ir为内标测定Tl和Pb,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定硅锰冶炼渣中8种重金属元素的方法。实验发现,样品前处理选择HCl∶HNO₃∶HF∶HClO₄=5∶5∶5∶1,并在复溶阶段加入1.0 mL盐酸羟胺溶液(100 g/L)可以完全消解样品,实验采用KED模式和干扰系数校正法消除质谱干扰,样品中待测元素的测定结果不受基体成分的干扰。通过绘制校准曲线及测定流程空白,各元素校准曲线的相关系数均大于0.9999,方法检出限为0.006~0.19 mg/kg,方法定量限为0.018~0.57 mg/kg。对硅锰渣实际样品进行测定,各元素的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)在0.83%~4.1%,加标回收率为94.7%~106%;经过人员比对实验,相对偏差为-4.54%~4.24%。测定结果稳定可靠,能满足硅锰冶炼渣中8种微量金属元素含量的分析检测要求。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱技术在法庭科学中的研究和应用进展

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)具有灵敏度高、干扰少、选择性好、适合进行超痕量多元素同时分析和同位素比值的测定等优点,在法庭科学中得到了广泛应用.综合归纳了ICP-MS技术在重金属及有害元素投(中)毒案件、食品药品环境分析、交通肇事及涉枪等案(事)件中重金属及微量元素分析中的应用.介绍了不同检材的样品前处理方法以及如何减少基体干扰,并且综述了优化ICP-MS仪器参数和碰撞反应池技术以消除质谱干扰,展望了ICP-MS在法庭科学中的应用.     

A device for fully automated on-site process monitoring and control of trihalomethane concentrations in drinking water

An instrument designed for fully automated on-line monitoring of trihalomethane concentrations in chlorinated drinking water is presented. The patented capillary membrane sampling device automatically samples directly from a water tap followed by injection of the sample into a gas chromatograph equipped with a nickel-63 electron capture detector. Detailed studies using individual trihalomethane species exhibited method detection limits ranging from 0.01–0.04 μg L⁻¹. Mean percent recoveries ranged from 77.1 to 86.5% with percent relative standard deviation values ranging from 1.2 to 4.6%. Out of more than 5200 samples analyzed, 95% of the concentration ranges were detectable, 86.5% were quantifiable. The failure rate was less than 2%. Using the data from the instrument, two different treatment processes were optimized so that total trihalomethane concentrations were maintained at acceptable levels while reducing treatment costs significantly. This ongoing trihalomethane monitoring program has been operating for more than ten months and has produced the longest continuous and most finely time-resolved data on trihalomethane concentrations reported in the literature.