高效液相色谱法测定双氯芬酸钠凝胶的有关物质

建立了双氯芬酸钠凝胶中有关物质的高效液相色谱分离分析方法。采用梯度洗脱的方法对双氯芬酸钠凝胶的有关物质进行分离,流动相A为pH 2.0三氟乙酸溶液-甲醇(80:20),流动相B为乙腈-甲醇(80:20)。采用Waters XBridge色谱柱(5μm,150mm×4.6mm)进行分离,流速为1.0mL/min,进样体积为5μL,二极管阵列检测器,检测波长为254nm,柱温为30℃。在上述色谱条件下,双氯芬酸钠凝胶及特定杂质均在1.0～40.0mg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.99;方法对特定杂质的回收率为97%～104%,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于3.8%。该法简便、快速、准确、选择性好、灵敏度高,可用于含醇类辅料的双氯芬酸钠凝胶中有关物质的检测。     

中空纤维膜液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定醋酸氯己定痔疮栓中的醋酸氯己定

建立了中空纤维膜液相微萃取-高效液相色谱（HPLC）测定醋酸氯己定痔疮栓中醋酸氯己定含量的方法。将样品用醋酸水溶液萃取5次,配成样品溶液,然后用装有正辛醇的中空纤维膜进行液相微萃取,萃取液用高效液相色谱测定。醋酸氯己定的质量浓度为0.5 ～ 16 mg/L时与其峰面积呈良好的线性关系,加样回收率大于98.0%,相对标准偏差低于4.0%。该方法样品处理简单、快速,灵敏度与不经过液相微萃取的HPLC方法相比提高了约24倍,醋酸氯己定痔疮栓中的其他物质对测定无干扰。     

中空纤维离心超滤-高效凝胶排阻色谱法测定青霉素V钾中蛋白杂质

建立了一种采用中空纤维离心超滤(HFCF-UF)-高效凝胶排阻色谱法(HPSEC)对青霉素V钾中的残留蛋白进行检测的方法。样品用HFCF-UF进行富集,采用HPSEC进行分析,色谱柱为TSK gel Super SW2000凝胶色谱柱(300×4.6mm,4μm),流动相为0.06mol/L NaCl-0.02mol/L NaH_2PO_4(pH=7.0),流速为0.3mL/min,紫外检测波长为220nm,柱温为室温。对照品牛血清白蛋白(BSA)在1.0~100.0μg/mL内线性关系良好(R2=0.999),回收率均大于87%,检测限为3.03ng/mL,经HFCF-UF富集处理后,富集倍数(EF)高达99倍。结果表明,该方法操作简便、结果准确、灵敏度高,为同类药物中的大分子蛋白检测提供了有效手段。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定血浆中双氯芬酸钠的含量

提出了应用气相色谱-质谱法测定血浆中双氯芬酸钠含量。血浆样品中双氯芬酸钠经盐酸提取,并加入三甲基硅烷衍生化试剂进行衍生化,所得衍生化产物经萃取、净化后供气相色谱分离及质谱测定。采用选择离子质谱扫描方式,供试品双氯芬酸钠-三甲基硅烷衍生物定量选择离子检测质荷比为m/z367,内标物布洛芬-三甲基硅烷衍生物定量选择离子检测质荷比为m/z263。双氯芬酸钠的线性范围为0.005～5.0mg·mL-1,检出限(3S/N)为0.5μg.L-1。方法回收率在94.6%～97.4%之间,日内、日间相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于5%。     

中空纤维分离-高效液相色谱法测定静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白中的麦芽糖

建立了中空纤维分离-HPLC测定静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白中的麦芽糖含量的方法.在离心力的作用下,样品溶液中的小分子物质能透过垂直放置在离心管中的中空纤维,同时离心力也减小了膜外大分子形成的浓差极化.采用Inertsil NH2色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)及示差折光检测器,流动相为V(乙腈)∶V(水)=70∶ 30,柱温40 ℃,流速为1.0 mL/min.麦芽糖浓度在1.00～5.00 g/L范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9999),平均加标回收率为100.6%,RSD为1.4%.本方法简便快速、结果准确,克服了蛋白沉淀不完全,吸附严重等现象,为微量样品的分析提供了简单廉价超滤手段,适用于蛋白类制品小分子样品的前处理.     

接枝中空纤维膜过滤-液相色谱/串联质谱法检测血浆中盐酸克伦特罗

建立了接枝改性的中空纤维膜过滤法净化处理-液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)测定血浆中痕量盐酸克伦特罗的方法。血浆样品经改性中空纤维膜的过滤,通过膜上接枝的离子交换基团的吸附作用和膜孔的超滤作用去除其中的磷脂和蛋白质,消除了基质效应,提高了LC-MS/MS检测盐酸克伦特罗的灵敏度。色谱条件为:色谱柱采用Venusil MP C18(2.1×50 mm,3μm,10 nm),流动相为乙腈/0.1%甲酸水溶液(15:85,V/V),流速为200μL/min,柱温30℃,进样量5μL。质谱模式为电喷雾电离正模式。在1~100 ng/m L范围内,线性关系良好;检出限为0.21 ng/m L,回收率在90%~105%之间,RSD为3.8%~9.1%。方法适合血浆样品中痕量盐酸克伦特罗的检测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定大鼠血浆中托品酸浓度

建立测定大鼠血浆中托品酸浓度的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。以双氯芬酸钠作为内标,采用Phenomenex Luna C_(18)色谱柱,流动相为0.1%甲酸水-乙腈溶液,运行时间为4.5 min,梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL/min,进样量为5μL,柱温40℃。样品经大气压力化学离子源负离子化后,通过三重四极杆串联质谱仪,在多反应监测模式下测定托品酸(m/z 164.93→102.93)和内标双氯芬酸钠(m/z 293.97→214.01)的浓度。血浆样品前处理采用甲醇沉淀蛋白。结果表明,托品酸的血浆浓度在40～25000 ng/mL内线性良好,定量下限为40 ng/mL,批内、批间精密度(RSDs)均在1.2%～6.7%以内,准确度(RE)在96.4%～113.8%以内。血浆样品室温放置6 h,样本处理后室温放置8 h,反复冻融3次及冰冻(-20℃)保存7 d的情况下均稳定。本方法适用于大鼠血浆中托品酸浓度的测定,也可为临床浓度监测提供依据。     

三相中空纤维式液相微萃取用于快速富集血浆中的尼古丁

建立了一种以三相中空纤维式液相微萃取(TP-HF-LPME)进行样品前处理,采用高效液相色谱快速、准确测定血浆中尼古丁含量的方法。研究表明该方法集萃取、富集、净化为一步,极大地简化了传统血浆成分测定的前处理过程,是一种快速、有效、绿色的前处理方法。方法的线性范围为0.1～50 mg/L,相关系数(r2)为0.9996,检测限为0.05 mg/L (信噪比为3),相对标准偏差小于5%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定化妆品中的6种镇痛类化学成分

建立了同时测定化妆品中氨基比林、非那西丁、双氯芬酸钠、吲哚美辛、保泰松、氯苯那敏等6种镇痛类化学成分含量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)法.以膏霜、面膜、啫喱和喷雾类样品为代表性基质,化妆品样品采用乙腈进行超声辅助液液萃取,采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,...     

壳聚糖/多壁碳纳米管修饰石墨电极-流动注射双安培法测定双氯芬酸钠

制备了壳聚糖/多壁碳纳米管修饰石墨电极(记为CS-MCNT′s/GE),并采用循环伏安法研究了双氯芬酸钠在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。基于双氯芬酸钠在CS-MCNT′s/GE上的催化氧化和不可逆电对的双安培检测原理,通过偶合双氯芬酸钠的氧化和MnO4-在铂电极上的还原两个不可逆电极过程,提出了流动注射双安培法直接测定双氯芬酸钠浓度的方法。在pH 6.8的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,外加电位差为0 V时,双氯芬酸钠的峰电流与其浓度在8.0×10-7～2.0×10-4mol.L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为2.0×10-7mol.L-1。连续测定1.0×10-5mol.L-1双氯芬酸钠标准溶液20次,相对标准偏差为4.75%,以双氯芬酸钠片为基底,加标回收率在98.0%～105.5%之间。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.